苏北典型滩涂区土壤盐分动态与水平衡要素之间的关系

为获知苏北滩涂区土壤水盐动态行为,从而为后续的节水灌溉和滩涂区农田水管理策略提供理论依据,该文选取典型滩涂区,进行土壤水、盐和地下水埋深的长期连续监测,并根据大丰市气象站提供的降水、地表蒸散数据,对土壤盐分变化和水平衡要素之间的关系进行探讨。结果表明：土壤表层盐分最高,波动最为剧烈,随深度不断增加,盐分逐渐降低,且波动趋缓。试验区夏季降水丰富,蒸散量相对较低,土壤含水率高,地下水埋深浅;冬季降水少,蒸散量较高,土壤含水率下降,地下水埋深较深。地下水埋深和水补充量是0～40 cm土层土壤盐分的主要影响因子;地下水埋深和蒸散量是60～80 cm土层土壤盐分的主要影响因子。地下水盐分是土壤盐分累积的主要来源,降水脱盐作用仅对0～40 cm表土作用显著,蒸发积盐作用则在整个土壤剖面上具有影响。该研究为消减苏北滩涂区土壤盐渍化灾害提供了科学依据,对指导农业生产具有重要意义。     

Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of canine plasma after fibrinogen precipitation by ethanol

Background: In routine canine medicine, anticoagulated blood is often the only sample sent to laboratories for diagnostic purposes. This hampers the interpretation of protein electrophoretic tracings because plasma contains fibrinogen, which migrates in the β–γ region. In human medicine, fibrinogen can be precipitated from plasma using ethanol. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess ethanol precipitation as a method for removing fibrinogen from canine plasma so as to facilitate the interpretation of electorphoresis results. Methods: Blood samples collected from 40 dogs were divided into plain tubes and tubes containing EDTA (n=20) or lithium–heparin (n=20). An aliquot of plasma from each sample was incubated with ethanol at a final concentration of 100 mL/L. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis was then performed on serum, plasma, and plasma treated with ethanol. To verify the efficiency of ethanol treatment, fibrinogen was added to 5 canine serum samples at final concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 g/L, and electrophoresis was performed before and after ethanol treatment. Results: Visual analysis of electrophoretograms from ethanol‐treated samples confirmed the disappearance of the fibrinogen peak from the β₂‐globulin region. Treatment with ethanol caused a significant decrease in the percentage of β₂‐globulins and a significant increase in the percentage of α₂‐globulins. Absolute values of most electrophoretic fractions were significantly decreased in ethanol‐treated plasma compared with serum. Conclusions: Ethanol treatment successfully removed fibrinogen from canine plasma and normalized electrophoretic profiles, but probably also precipitated proteins other than fibrinogen. Ethanol treatment is recommended to facilitate visual identification of abnormal monoclonal peaks, but not for determining absolute protein concentrations in electrophoretic fractions.     

泉州平原作物生长季和夏旱期降水量叠加预测模式及其应用

采用时间序列分析方法，对最能代表整个泉州平原降水情况的晋江气象站１９６０～１９９６ 年共３７ ａ 中３～１１ 月（作物生长季）和７～９ 月（夏旱期）２ 段时间的降水量资料进行统计，同时分析了该地区的降水量变化规律，获得了该地区上述２ 段时间的降水量模式，进而提出了防御干旱的措施，     

闽西洪涝期降水量多极模拟及其应用

以三明市历年 ５～６ 月份的降水量代表闽西地区洪涝期的降水状况，用２ 种时间序列分析方法对该地１９５９～１９９７ 年 ５～６ 月份降水量进行统计，得到降水量谐波模式．并分析了闽西洪涝期降水变化规律，提出了针对该地区的抗洪防涝措施     

Effect of soil type on the time-course of changes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) productivity in Tokachi District,Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract

To clarify the effect of soil type on changes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) productivity since 1980 in Tokachi District (Hokkaido, Japan), we analyzed yield data from 121 settlements from 1980 to 2002 using maps of parent materials and surface organic matter contents in a geographical information system. The soil types were Brown Lowland soils, Andosols with an alluvial subsoil, Wet Andosols and Andosols. The sugar beet yields were highest in the Andosols and moderate in Andosols with an alluvial subsoil. Yields in Brown Lowland soils in the 1980s were similar to those in Andosols, but decreased below the yields in the Andosols by the 1990s. The yields in Wet Andosols were the lowest in the 1980s, but have been similar to those in Andosols with an alluvial subsoil since 1990. Thus, productivity appears to have varied over time in Brown Lowland soils and Wet Andosols. The correlation coefficients between yields and cumulative daily mean temperature from late April to mid-July since 1990 were highest in the Andosols (r = 0.67), lowest in the Brown Lowland soils (r = 0.50) and intermediate in the other soil types (r = 0.54–0.60). However, the magnitude of the correlation between the yield and the cumulative precipitation since 1990 was lowest in the Andosols (r = –0.22), highest in the Brown Lowland soils (r = –0.58) and intermediate in the other soil types (r = –0.44 to –0.45). These results suggest that the present soil water environment in the Andosols is superior to that in the other soil types.     

降水过程对飞播造林油松成苗的影响

为了找出影响飞播油松成苗的主要因素，采用随机抽样调查方法和机械抽样调查方法，对滦平县历年的飞播区进行了调查分析。结果表明，降水过程是影响飞播油松成苗的主要因素。     

宁夏当代夏季逐时降水基本特征分析

本文利用整理后的近年来宁夏 2 1个气象站夏季逐时降水资料 ,对降水的持续性、强度分布特点以及统计学特征量进行了初步分析 ,取得了宁夏夏季逐时降水的空间分布特征和统计学基本规律。为进一步分析研究宁夏更高时间、空间分辨率的气象要素分布与变化特征 ,并为逐步建立完善精细化预报体系打下了基础     

海拉尔地区降水量的ARIMA乘积季节模型研究

1个地区降水量的变化受到诸多因素的影响,其既有长期趋势、季节效应,又具有随机扰动效应。在降水量的分析中,找出所有影响降水量的变化因素是十分困难的,因此可以利用降水量序列的自身变化来寻找序列中蕴含的发展规律。本文以海拉尔地区1957年1月~2007年8月逐月平均降水量数据为基础,应用SAS统计软件经过多次拟合优选,最终建立了适合海拉尔地区月平均降水量的AR IMA(p,d,q)×(P,D,Q)s乘积模型,并利用该模型对海拉尔地区2007年的降水量进行了预测。     

黄土高原水土保持世行贷款项目区局地气候变化初步分析

对黄土高原水土保持世界银行贷款项目实施前后的监测数据和有关气象资料进行分析表明 ,大规模林草、梯田等坡面措施和沟道坝库工程的实施 ,影响了当地小气候特性 ,较好地起到了调节温度、提高湿度、增加降水和雾日、减少冰雹等作用 ,项目区与参照站比较 ,相对湿度提高了 5～ 10个百分点 ,平均每年有雾日相对增加了 6 7d ,年降水量相对增加 5 %～ 10 %。     

基于计算机绘图软件的雨滴谱测定新方法

 为寻找天然降雨和人工模拟降雨特征及设计人工降雨装置的新方法,运用计算机绘图软件与传统色斑法相结合,探索出一种新的测量雨滴直径与数据处理方法。该方法弥补了传统色斑法在观测与数据转换方面工作冗繁、精度低的缺陷,使测量下限由1mm下降到0.2mm,测量范围扩大了一个数量级,大大减少了测量工作量,并得出雨滴直径与色斑直径率定关系式。对其普适性与优越性进行了检验,结果表明:在应用新方法对降雨雨谱进行分析时,所得公式最佳。