Field measurements of nitrogen fixation in leguminous trees used in agroforestry systems: Influence of 15N-labeling approaches and reference trees

Appropriate ¹⁵N-labeling methods are crucial for estimating N₂-fixation in trees used in agroforestry systems. A 4-year field experiment was conducted on an Alfisol in Southwestern Nigeria to compare the estimates of N₂ fixed in Leucaena leucocephala, using two non-N₂-fixing leguminous trees, Senna siamea and S. spectabilis, as reference plants and three different methods of introducing ¹⁵N into soil. The atom % ¹⁵N uptake pattern (as reflected in the leaves) was identical in both N₂- and non-N₂-fixing tree species irrespective of the ¹⁵N-application method. There was a significant decline in atom % ¹⁵N excess in the leaves of L. leucocephala (from 0.266 to 0.039), S. siamea (0.625 to 0.121), and S. spectabilis (from 0.683 to 0.118) from the first sampling 12 months after planting and the second sampling 18 months after sampling. From the second harvest in 1991 until the end of the experiment (fifth) harvest in 1993, however, the atom ¹⁵N % excess decline in leaves of the three species was less pronounced and depended on the method of ¹⁵N application. In those plants to which the tracer was applied once at planting, the ¹⁵N decline was steady between the second and the last prunings. In the split-application treatment, the atom ¹⁵N % excess increased slightly at the third pruning and decreased during the subsequent two prunings. The reference tree and the method of ¹⁵N application influenced the estimated proportion of N derived from atmospheric N₂ by L. leucocephala, calculated as 73 and 64%, corresponding to 119 and 98 kg N ha^-1 of N₂ fixed per 6 months, when S. spectabilis and S. siamea were used as reference trees, respectively. The approach by which ¹⁵N-labeled fertilizer was applied to the soil in three splits gave slightly higher estimates of N derived from the atmosphere but this was of little agronomic significance because total N₂ fixed was similar for all methods.     

Analysis of Choosing the Platform in Power Geographic Information System

Geographic Information System(GIS) is playing more and more important role in information management of power system. The popular GIS platform products include GeoMedia, Arc/Info, MapInfo and MicroStation. The choosing and using of power GIS platform should obey the rule in power system reality. Based on their preponderant application in geographic industry, Arc/Info and MapInfo have been successfully used in power system. The scheme of power GIS platform is put forward in this paper, referenced to the judgement and analysis of these prevailing platform, and the example of "GIS information system in Chongqing YuBei Power Supply Bureau" is given. This example shows the powerful twice developing ability, the profound network topology analysis ability of this method, which could also satisfy the needs of excessive and separate work nodes and parallel operation. All researches showed in this paper demonstrate the method could satisfy the need of power GIS.     

Analysis of the Power System''s Voltage Stabilization by Modeling and Simulink

The simulink of the power system can help people to analyze the actual power system's various state.As an important instrument,the Matlab software gains the recognition because of its all-sided and professional features.But when it is used in the field of dynamic process of the power system,there exist some disadvantages such as the difficulty of the modeling.The state-space module can be used to set up the three rank compact model of the generator and the electrical machine.It makes the modeling more convenient and more easily jointed to the system's primary parameter such as voltage and frequency.The typical model of the power system is built including the generator,electrical wire,load and SVC by using the function of the Simulink.In order to make the model's physical conception,some necessary predigestion is made to the typical model.At last,some conclusions about the voltage stabilization are gained by using the simulink of the system's malfunction,testifing the correctness and feasibility of this compact modeling.     

中国大米国际竞争力研究 ——基于同印度、巴基斯坦、泰国和越南的比较分析

稻谷是中国主要的粮食生产作物，具有较强的创造经济效益的能力。从联合国粮农组织和世界贸易组织的相关数据上来看，中国大米产量与中国大米的出口量存在着明显的不对称。笔者从研究国际竞争力的显示性指标出发，选择了亚洲最大的5个大米出口国作为研究对象，运用了国际市场占有率、贸易竞争指数、显示性比较优势指数、进出口价格比4个指标对中国大米的国际竞争力作了实证分析。结果表明，中国大米与印度、巴基斯坦、泰国和越南4国相比，不具有国际竞争力优势。     

A POWER FLOW IN INFINITE VISCOELASTIC CYLINDRICAL SHELLS

In this paper, a solution of propagation wave in an. unconstrained damping viscoelastic cylindrical shells of infinte length under forced vibration is derived by Fourier integral transform techniques. The power flow transmitted along it is analysed. The power flow in an elastic cylindrical shell and that in a viscoelastic shell are compared. The effects of vibration reduction in two viscoelastic shells with different thickness are compared. The results provide a reference for designer in structural vibration reduction.     

Analysis and Countermeasures of the Power Noise During High Frequency PCB Design

The paper analyses many forms of power supply noise interference in the high frequency PCB and the relevant reasons. Combining several formulas with the relevant engineering experience, the authors bring forward a lot of related means; finally conclude the chief principle that controlling power noise should abide by.     

SPEEDING UP HYDROPOWER AND NUCLEARPOWER CONSTRUCTION TO DEVELOP CHINA'' S POWER INDUSTRY

The recent fourty-year development of China' s power industry is introduced, and the goal of its development in this century is proposed with the way of realizing it. It is emphasized that increasing power investment and raising the proportion of hydropower and nuclear power in the power industry are significant in the development of China' s power industry.     

A Modern Spectrum Analysis Method for Pulse Abnormalities of Drug Abusers

The pulse sense of PVDF is used to collection pulse signals of subjects into computer and store them in data file style. The author select a series of pulse signals randomly which contains 40 consecutive cardiac cycles of subject and using a modern spectrum analysis method to estimate the power spectrum of data in every cardiac cycle.An average power spectrum is obtained through averaging such 40 power spectra. It is found that the significant difference of power distribution exists between the heroin addicts and the healthy person. The frequency axis of average power spectrum. Calculating the power distributions on specified frequency bands of the average power spectrum for every subject is carved up.A primary criterion is obtained. The above criterion is applied to 30 subjects including 15 heroin addicts and 15 healthy persons. The correctness of classifying heroin addicts and healthy persons arrives 93.3%.The result shows that the modern spectrum analysis method is really an effective measure to analyze pulse abnormalities of heroin addicts.     

Steam Temperature Distribution of Revolving Heat Pipe with Corner

Revolving heat pipe is brought into the MRF soft-starting device as the heat dissipating tool. The centrifugal force generated by rotating motion is utilized for the return of the liquid in the revolving heat pipe with comer. The structure and heat dissipating principle are introduced. By making use of momentum theorem and Clausius-Clapeyron equation, the model of temperature distribution along the axis of revolving heat pipe with comer is given, the important theoretical bases of reliable design and performance analysis of the revolving heat pipe are put forward.     

Factors Affecting the Ability of the Enterprise Bargaining in the Skills-based Cooperation

In the skills-based cooperation,the authors carry on the questionnaire survey about the factors affecting the ability of the enterprise bargaining.The formal questionnaire is established by exploratory factor anlysis with SPSS11.0 software.After processing data,theauthors gain the factors that influence entrprise bargaining power:learning ability,promises,craftsmanship investment,the final cost.The structure equation model between the four factors and the bargaining power is tested with Amous 4.0 software.The learning ability is fonnd,which conduces to improve the enterprise bargaining power.However,the promises have the obstructive effect.