海藻发酵沼气发电与风电互补电站的研究与建设

本研究是在海岛渔村,建200m³沼气池,采用当地海藻资源,发酵制取沼气发电,发电机组8kw,它与风力发电机组5kw联合构成互补电站模式。该地区每年九月至翌年三月为盛风期,可采用风力发电,四月至八月为微生物生长旺盛期、海藻发酵产沼气量大、发电量足,弥补了此间弱风期风力发电之不足,从而实现多能互补,为沿海无电地区解决供电提供了一条合理有效途径。     

棉花中白色异性纤维的线扫描激光成像检测方法

在可见光和紫外光照明条件下,皮棉中白色异性纤维和棉花背景的颜色相近,很难用现有的机器视觉系统或人工方法检测出来。该文以12种典型白色异性纤维为样本,采用线扫描相机,分别在红色激光（波长658 nm）、蓝色激光（波长405 nm）和红外激光（波长850 nm）3种照明条件下,改变激光功率和曝光时间,获取了300幅白色异性纤维与棉花的图像。在此基础上,根据同一图像中目标和背景的平均灰度值计算了图像的对比度,然后作出了不同激光波长、功率、曝光时间和图像对比度之间的关系曲线,最后,在该试验装置的条件下,该文确定了线激光成像的最佳检测波长为658 nm、光功率为55 mW和曝光时间为36 μs,发现采用优化的线激光参数成像,图像中12种白色异性纤维灰度值已经接近饱和而棉花还处于欠饱和状态,"目标"和"背景"的对比度达到最大,利用两者平均灰度值的明显差异可以检测出棉花中的白色异性纤维。试验结果表明,采用优化的线激光成像参数获取730幅棉花图像,利用简单的Prewitt算子边缘检测法和固定阈值的二值化方法对图像进行分割,12种典型白色异性纤维样本的正确识别率分别可达93.7%和92.9%。     

Soil ecosystem engineering by the train millipede Parafontaria laminata in a Japanese larch forest

Periodic swarming by adult train millipedes Parafontaria laminata (Attems, 1909) occurs in central Japan on an 8-year cycle, and the emergence of new adults is highly predictable. Millipede biomass reaches a maximum and feeding habits change upon the emergence of adults. Larvae are geophagous while adults feed on both litter and soil. We hypothesized that the shift in the developmental stages of P. laminata influenced the carbon dynamics in the soil and conducted a field mesocosm experiment in a larch plantation forest over 2 years (1999 and 2000) using three developmental stages: sixth- and seventh-instar larvae and adults. By experimentally manipulating millipede density at four levels, we obtained the following results: larvae were geophagous, while adults consumed both litter and soil (mixed-feeding) and consequently showed stronger density effects on litter decomposition rates than larvae; adult activities in the high-density treatment increased soil microbial biomass but not at low adult densities or at the larval stages; and adults increased the carbon accumulation in soil layers especially at high densities due to their mixed-feeding on litter and soil. We determined that due to synchronized postembryonic development with high densities and changes in feeding habits, the train millipede periodically sequestered carbon in this forest.     

聚碳酸酯材料的浓缩风能装置流固耦合分析

浓缩风能装置是浓缩风能型风力发电机的核心部分,其选材直接影响到浓缩风能型风力发电机的推广应用。该文应用流固耦合分析方法,采用CFD软件进行流场分析,对浓缩风能装置在特定风场下进行仿真模拟,得到了浓缩风能装置所处流场的风速和风压分布。将流场计算结果作为载荷加载到浓缩风能装置上,该装置在风中所受最大应力3.267 MPa,远小于拜耳makrolon 2407型聚碳酸酯的屈服应力66 MPa、断裂应力65 MPa以及弯曲强度98 MPa,因此该型号聚碳酸酯在强度上满足浓缩风能装置要求,可以替代目前所用材料冷轧钢板。该研究结果可为后期的结构改进和优化设计提供理论依据和参考。     

农用电动机节电运行技术与管理措施

异步电动机在农业生产和农业工程中应用极其广泛。根据初步统计,目前我国农用电动机消耗的电能约占全国农村电能的70%以上。由于选型、使用不当和管理不善等原因,农用电动机普遍存在着“马拉空车”、“大马拉小车”、功率因数偏低等现象,致使农村电网容量不能完全被利用,大量的能量被白白地浪费掉。鉴于此,该文详细论述了农用电动机的各种节能运行、技术改造和技术管理的措施,以及抑制谐波、调节无功的新技术,来提高电动机的效率和农网的功率因数,这些举措有利于提高农村电力拖动的经济效益     

农业拖拉机用多段液压机械无级变速器设计

提出一种由单个普通行星排构成的简单高效拖拉机用多段液压机械无级变速器传动结构，分析了变速器的变速特性、转矩特性、平稳换段条件和液压功率分流比，通过装机实例表明其无级变速范围宽，在车辆常用工作速度段液压功率分流比低于20%，在与中耕、犁耕、运输作业对应的高、中、低速度区间可分别实现3个高效率纯机械档，有利于提高车辆的动力性和经济性。     

不同水稻品种对钾的吸收及其对钾肥的反应

测定了９个水稻品种在０．１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫ２ＳＯ４＋０．２ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＣａＳＯ４溶液中吸收２小时和４小时的Ｋ＾＋浓度和ＰＨ值的变化。结果表明溶液的ＰＨ变化与Ｋ＾＋浓度变化呈极显著的正相关，这为建立快速简便地筛选高吸钾速率水稻品种的方法提供了基础。幼苗耗竭试验表明，水稻利用土壤中的钾大部分来自非交换性钾源。各品种的吸钾总量与来自非交换性钾及１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＮＯ３不能撮的钾和矿物钾均有极显著的相关性，这可     

景观生态学在生态环境影响评价中的应用

应用景观生态学方法,结合生态环境影响评价要求,从景观空间结构和稳定性两个方面对屏南县后垄溪一级水电站的景观生态做出评价。结果表明,项目建设对区域景观的空间结构影响主要表现在建筑物和水域两方面,项目建成后他们的优势度分别提高1%和0.9%,相对变化较小;项目建设中及建成后,区域内的人为干扰和景观破碎化程度增加,能量和物种的流动性下降,故应加强该方面的设计,以维持区域的生态系统稳定性。     

Analysis of Choosing the Platform in Power Geographic Information System

Geographic Information System(GIS) is playing more and more important role in information management of power system. The popular GIS platform products include GeoMedia, Arc/Info, MapInfo and MicroStation. The choosing and using of power GIS platform should obey the rule in power system reality. Based on their preponderant application in geographic industry, Arc/Info and MapInfo have been successfully used in power system. The scheme of power GIS platform is put forward in this paper, referenced to the judgement and analysis of these prevailing platform, and the example of "GIS information system in Chongqing YuBei Power Supply Bureau" is given. This example shows the powerful twice developing ability, the profound network topology analysis ability of this method, which could also satisfy the needs of excessive and separate work nodes and parallel operation. All researches showed in this paper demonstrate the method could satisfy the need of power GIS.     

Analysis of the Power System''s Voltage Stabilization by Modeling and Simulink

The simulink of the power system can help people to analyze the actual power system's various state.As an important instrument,the Matlab software gains the recognition because of its all-sided and professional features.But when it is used in the field of dynamic process of the power system,there exist some disadvantages such as the difficulty of the modeling.The state-space module can be used to set up the three rank compact model of the generator and the electrical machine.It makes the modeling more convenient and more easily jointed to the system's primary parameter such as voltage and frequency.The typical model of the power system is built including the generator,electrical wire,load and SVC by using the function of the Simulink.In order to make the model's physical conception,some necessary predigestion is made to the typical model.At last,some conclusions about the voltage stabilization are gained by using the simulink of the system's malfunction,testifing the correctness and feasibility of this compact modeling.