转基因马铃薯中人白介素-12体外诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡的研究

[目的]检测从人白介素-12（human interleukin12,hIL-12）转基因马铃薯中提取的hIL-12的抗肝癌效应。[方法]用MTT法检测转基因马铃薯中hIL-12对人肝癌细胞HepG22.2.15的体外杀伤作用;用AnnexinV/PI双染色法加激光共聚焦显微镜观察转基因马铃薯中hIL-12对HepG22.2.15细胞的诱导凋亡作用。[结果]转基因马铃薯中表达的hIL-12与重组人白介素-12（rhIL-12）在体外对HepG22.2.15具有杀伤作用,而野生对照组无杀伤作用;AnnexinV/PI双染色法加激光共聚焦显微镜观察结果表明,转基因马铃薯中表达hIL-12可诱导HepG22.2.15细胞凋亡。[结论]转基因马铃薯表达体系表达的人白介素-12具有抗肝癌细胞增殖、促进肝癌细胞凋亡的作用。     

盐胁迫对二倍体马铃薯叶超微结构的影响

选取经12次轮回选择适应长日照的二倍体马铃薯富利亚(Solanum phureja,PHU)与窄刀薯(S.stenotomum,STN)杂种(PHU-STN)耐盐无性系BD54-8和盐敏感无性系BD57-3为试验材料,研究其受盐胁迫后叶部细胞超微结构的差异。BD54-8和BD57-3的试管苗培养在含有NaCl浓度为0、30mmol·L-1的MS培养基,采用H-7650型透射电子显微镜观察、拍照。结果表明,BD54-8和BD57-3在未经盐胁迫时,细胞膜、叶绿体及线粒体均保持完整,超微结构没有差异。耐盐无性系BD54-8经盐胁迫后,细胞膜、叶绿体、线粒体仍清晰可见,超微结构没有明显变化;盐敏感无性系BD57-3经盐胁迫后,细胞膜受到严重破坏,叶绿体外形受损,内部出现空泡化现象,线粒体外膜模糊、嵴减少。由此可知,耐盐无性系BD54-8比盐敏感无性系BD57-3受到的破坏轻,细胞膜、叶绿体及线粒体可作为二倍体马铃薯耐盐性鉴定的细胞学指标。     

红薯叶面喷施氨基酸水溶肥料效果研究

红薯叶面喷施氨基酸水溶肥料的肥效研究结果表明,喷施氨基酸水溶肥料改善了红薯的生物学性状,增加了红薯的主蔓长度、主蔓茎粗、单株叶片数和单株产量,平均增产3 350 kg/hm2,增产率为5.58%,产量差异达极显著水平。     

福建甘薯杂交品种主要数量性状遗传相关及通径分析

研究了福建30个甘薯杂交品种9个数量性状的遗传变异,除蔓粗外各性状的遗传变异系数均较大(达20％以上),都具有较高的育种选择潜力,并测定和分析遗传力与表型选择的关系,通过遗传相关、逐步回归和遗传通径分析,初步提出了福建省甘薯杂交品种高产优良基因型的表现是:单株分枝和单株结薯数较多,茎叶生长适量,绿叶重较高而不过量,蔓粗细和蔓长短,以及节间长度中等。     

双重PCR检测马铃薯晚疫病和环腐病方法的建立

通过克隆马铃薯环腐病菌和晚疫病菌转录间隔区(ITS)序列,并对测序结果进行同源性比较,选取差异位点分别设计了两对引物P.IN1/P.IN2和C.IN1/C.IN2,并检测了引物的特异性及方法的灵敏度。引物P.IN1/P.IN2可扩增出1条363bp马铃薯晚疫病菌的特异性条带,在DNA水平上其灵敏度达18fg/μL;引物C.IN1/C.IN2可扩增出1条218bp马铃薯环腐病菌的特异性条带,在细菌数上检测灵敏度为104 cfu/mL。混合这两对引物构建双重PCR反应体系,能从马铃薯环腐病菌和晚疫病菌的混合DNA及感染这两种菌的马铃薯植株中同时扩增到363bp和218bp的特异片段。实现了同时对马铃薯晚疫病菌和环腐病菌的快速可靠检测。     

马铃薯新品种引进与品比试验研究

2012年江门市种业有限公司引进6个马铃薯新品种,以荷兰7号为对照进行品比试验,结果表明,雪川荷兰15号丰产性最好,综合性状优良,种植效益高,比对照荷兰7号具有极显著的优势,适宜当地推广种植;希森1号和鹤声荷兰15号丰产性较好,但种薯质量有待进一步试验;中薯3号建议在沙壤土田块推广种植,控制好后期水分管理和适时收获;闽薯1号烂种薯较严重,抗病性较差,没有品种优势;早大白产量最低,感早、晚疫病,不适宜本地种植.     

紫色甘薯营养成分和药用价值研究进展

紫色甘薯[Ipomoea batatas（L.）Lam.]是一种富含天然食用色素的独特甘薯。从20世纪90年代初在日本农林水产省九州农业试验场选育出的“川山紫”开始,紫色甘薯由于富含多种营养成分,具有清除自由基抗氧化、预防和治疗心血管疾病等多种药用功能而在日本等发达国家得到广泛推广。就国内外对紫色甘薯各方面的研究,对其营养成分和药用价值进行论述,为在国内广泛推广种植紫色甘薯新品种提供重要依据。     

马铃薯块茎蛾生物防治研究进展与展望

马铃薯块茎蛾是马铃薯上重要的世界性害虫,会对马铃薯造成毁灭性的危害,该害虫目前已成为影响马铃薯产业发展的重要因素.化学农药的过度使用造成了马铃薯块茎蛾的抗药性增强,使用单一的化学防治并不能对该虫进行长久有效的控制.因此,近年来生物防治逐渐引起了研究人员的重视.本文从马铃薯块茎蛾的天敌种类、昆虫病原物、昆虫性信息素和植物...     

甘薯Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.茎蔓多糖提取技术研究

通过正交实验研究了甘薯茎蔓多糖水提过程中提取温度、时间和提取用水量对提取物得率的影响,选出了较为理想的提取条件,即加40倍水,在100℃下浸提25min,得率4 82%。通过棕色环法、蒽酮—硫酸法、Fe hling试剂法、双缩脲法证实提取物为多糖。     

Flowering behaviour,male sterility and berry setting in tetraploid Solanum tuberosum germplasm

Summary Six hundred and seventy six accessions of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) from 25 countries, were studied for flowering and fruiting behaviour under long days (12–14 h). Flowering intensity ranged from dropping of floral buds just after initiation to profuse blooming. The majority (58.3%) of the accessions bloomed profusely, though 20.4% of the accessions did not bloom at all. Weeks to flowering ranged from 6 to 15 and the majority (66.5%) of the flowering accessions bloomed within 8 to 9 weeks after planting. Duration of flowering ranged from 1 to 10 weeks and the majority (68.1%) of the flowering accessions bloomed for 1 to 4 weeks only. Twentythree per cent of the flowering accessions were completely male sterile. Maximum male fertility was 90% only. No berry setting was observed in 31.8% of the flowering accessions. Only 54.3 per cent of the accessions were found to be fertile in all respects and could be used both as male and female parents. Premature bud abscission was the major cause of sterility. Peru was the best source of profuse-flowering genotypes, Poland was the best source of early flowering genotypes and Mexico was the best source of long duration flowering and good berry setting genotypes. The results suggested that flower bud formation; the growth and development of mature flowers; weeks to flowering and duration of flowering are independent characters controlled by different genes of quantitative nature. Berry setting and duration of flowering were closely associated (r=0.95). Genetic as well as environmental factors interfered with the developmental process leading to flower production and berry setting at different times in different genotypes. The practical implications of these results for true potato seed production are discussed.Publication No. 1298, CPRI, Shimla.