马铃薯皮中黄酮类物质测定及含量

以马铃薯皮为试验材料,研究了黄酮类化合物提取方法,获得了提取马铃薯皮中黄酮类化合物的最佳条件,测量了马铃薯皮中体现抗氧化性的黄酮类化合物的含量。试验中,对马铃薯皮中黄酮类化合物进行了提取、分离,以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl,DPPH)的清除率作为马铃薯皮中提取的黄酮类化合物含量及抗氧化活性的评价指标。通过单因素试验,确定提取溶剂、温度、时间、料液比等对提取结果的影响程度。并在单因素试验的基础上设计4因素3水平的正交试验,从而确定马铃薯皮中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取条件。结果表明,马铃薯皮中黄酮类抗氧化物的提取最佳条件为50℃的温度下用80%丙酮溶液按照料液比1:10的比例提取,提取时间为3 h。在此条件下测得DPPH的清除率为84.62%。在最佳提取条件下提取马铃薯皮中黄酮类化合物,并测得每克烘干后的马铃薯皮中含有约10.95 mg的黄酮类物质,与其它类果实果皮中具有相似的抗氧化活性的黄酮类物质的含量相比明显较高。     

基于钻石模型的峄城石榴产业竞争力研究

运用迈克尔．波特的“钻石模型”,对影响峄城石榴产业竞争力的6种因素进行了分析研究,结果表明,果农种植规模较小、科技创新不足、品种结构混杂是造成峄城石榴产业竞争力下降的主要原因,对此提出了承包种植、加大科研投入和集约化生产等措施来提升峄城石榴产业竞争力。     

火龙果皮与苜蓿、精料配比对饲料组合效应的研究

本试验旨在探讨火龙果皮与苜蓿、精料配比对饲料组合效应(AE)的影响。试验采用体外产气法测定在精粗比分别为40∶60和30∶70时,精料∶火龙果皮∶苜蓿分别为40∶60∶0、40∶45∶15、40∶30∶30、40∶15∶45、40∶0∶60和30∶70∶0、30∶55∶15、30∶40∶30、30∶25∶45、30∶10∶60、30∶0∶70时11种饲料组合及3种单独饲料(精料、火龙果皮、苜蓿)分别培养0、2、4、6、9、12、24、36、48 h的产气量(GP),培养结束后的上清液及残渣用以测定pH、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)与氨态氮(NH3-N)含量、干物质降解率(DM D)和有机物降解率(OM D),并计算出各指标的单项组合效应指数(SFAEI)和综合组合效应指数(MFAEI)。结果表明:精粗比为40∶60时,40∶60∶0、40∶45∶15组24 h产气量(GP24 h)、DMD、OMD的SFAEI显著或极显著高于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01),40∶60∶0、40∶45∶15、40∶30∶30组TVFA和NH3-N的SFAEI显著或极显著高于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01),40∶60∶0、40∶45∶15组的MFAEI极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。精粗比为30∶70时,30∶70∶0组GP24 h的SFAEI极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),30∶70∶0、30∶55∶15、30∶40∶30组DM D和TVFA的SFAEI极显著高于其他各组(P <0. 01),30∶70∶0、30∶55∶15组OM D和NH3-N的SFAEI极显著高于其他各组(P <0. 01),30∶70∶0、30∶55∶15、30∶40∶30组的M FAEI极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。由此可见,精粗比为40∶60时,精料∶火龙果皮∶苜蓿为40∶45∶15时的M FAEI最大;精粗比为30∶70时,精料∶火龙果皮∶苜蓿为30∶70∶0时的M FAEI最大。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

临潼石榴农产品品牌营销策略研究

自从党在十九大正式提出实施乡村振兴战略以来,三农问题愈发受到广泛关注与重视,各地政府更是把三农问题作为推进实施乡村振兴战略的重中之重去解决。农产品作为三农问题中农村产业的重要组成部分,是振兴农村产业的重要基础,而农产品的健康持续发展与农产品品牌营销策略有着重要关系,农产品品牌营销是助力农产品产业发展的关键。文章通过对我国陕西省临潼区石榴农产品品牌营销的重要性进行阐述,对临潼石榴农产品品牌营销存在的问题进行细致分析,最后有针对性的提出对策建议,以期为优化临潼石榴农产品品牌营销策略提供参考。     

Pectic hydrolysates in the diet of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen): Growth performance,blood and liver biochemistry,histological parameters and intestinal contents

The aim of this study was to investigate the prebiotic potential of pectin hydrolysates that were extracted from agroindustrial waste (apple pomace—AP and passion fruit peel—PFP) and were added to the diet of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). A 49‐day biological assay was conducted, and five test diets were evaluated: one diet was a control diet and the other four diets included pectin hydrolysates (2.5 and 5 g/kg). At 49 experimental days, biometric data and biological material were collected to determine the performance, plasma and liver and histological parameters and to evaluate the intestinal contents. The results were analysed by the normality test, which was followed by an analysis of the variance; the treatment means were compared by an orthogonal contrast analysis at a 5% level of significance. The inclusion of 2.5 g/kg apple pomace hydrolysates resulted in a greater production of butyric acid, increased thickness of the muscular layer and higher goblet cell count in the intestine. The inclusion of 5 g/kg apple pomace hydrolysates led to a greater concentration of liver protein. Further studies are needed to increase the knowledge about the use of these additives in the diet of silver catfish and to establish levels that allow greater gains for the species.     

Orange peel fragment improves antioxidant capacity and haematological profile of Nile tilapia subjected to heat/dissolved oxygen‐induced stress

This study evaluated the ability of orange peel fragment (OPF) to act as a functional feedstuff, influencing growth, haematological profile, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Nile tilapia subjected heat/dissolved oxygen‐induced stress (HDOIS). A group of 440 male Nile tilapia (31.7 g ± 0.34) was randomly distributed in 40 250‐L aquaria (11 fish/tank) and fed five practical diets with graded levels of OPF at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% for 70 days. The diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein and 18 MJ/kg crude energy. After the feeding period, growth performance was evaluated and six fish per treatment were sampled for haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity, before and after HDOIS. Then, fish were subjected to HDOIS (32°C/2.3 mg/L dissolved oxygen) for three days and the same haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined. There was no effect of OPF on the haematological profile, either before or after HDOIS. The polynomial regression model was used to express the relationship between antioxidant enzymes activity and OPF supplementation level. The maximum activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was reached at 0.66%, 0.63%, and 0.68% of OPF respectively. Results of the present study suggest that a dietary supplementation level of 0.63%–0.68% of orange peel fragment was appropriate to maintain Nile tilapia haematological profile and improve its antioxidant capacity under HDOIS.     

不同鲜食、野生葡萄皮多酚类物质抗氧化活性比较

对9个广西主产鲜食、野生葡萄品种的葡萄皮多酚类物质含量及其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率的影响进行比较研究。结果表明,葡萄皮中多酚类物质含量较高的品种为野生葡萄“野酿2号”毛葡萄和鲜食葡萄“温克”,含量分别为22.63 mg/g和19.77 mg/g。所有品种葡萄皮多酚对DPPH自由基清除率均在85%以上,抗氧化效果显著,但品种间对超氧阴离子自由基清除率差异较大,清除率最高的是“夏黑”（98.3%）,其次是“野酿2号”毛葡萄（85.7%）,最低的是“甬优一号”（35%）。果皮总酚含量高,同时抗氧化活性优于其他品种的是“野酿2号”毛葡萄、“温克”“、新株系Y137”毛葡萄和“夏黑”4个葡萄品种。     

饲料中添加柑桔皮粉和有机稀土复合饲料添加剂对黄杂肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

将32日龄黄杂肉用仔鸡120只随机分成2组,每组60只,第一组为对照组,仅饲喂基础日粮,第二组饲喂在基础日粮中添加2％的柑桔皮粉 0．5％的730有机稀土复合饲料添加剂的日粮,试验进行35d,结果表明,试验组的增重比对照组高17．07％,料重比比对照组降低16．86％,饲料转化率比对照组提高20．27％,经济效益比对照组高40．14％。     

改性磁性荔枝皮对水及果汁中砷的吸附效果及动力学分析

为探索安全高效实用的果汁类食品砷吸附材料,以天然植物副产物荔枝皮为材料,通过共沉法制备砷吸附材料磁性荔枝皮(magnetic litchi peel,MLP),采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定砷含量,以砷清除率为判断指标,研究了MLP对三价砷和五价砷吸附效果及机理。结果表明:改性MLP表面含有粉末状的Fe3O4,与未改性荔枝皮相比部分官能团增加,表面粗糙、更加凹凸不平,结构疏松,微孔数量增加,有利于吸附作用的进行,在砷浓度为0.20 mg/L水溶液中三价砷和五价砷吸附率为88%和90%,对苹果汁中的三价砷和五价砷吸附率为83%和93%;MLP对三价砷和五价砷溶液吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温线模型,拟合决定系数R2均大于0.99,为单分子层吸附,在298 K条件下饱和吸附量三价砷为0.181 mg/g,五价砷为0.225 mg/g;MLP对砷溶液吸附动力学可以通过准二级吸附动力学模型描述,R2均高于0.99;MLP对三价砷和五价砷的吸附过程中吉布斯自由能小于0,吸附反应是自发进行的,焓变小于0,MLP对两种价态砷的吸附都是放热反应。研究结果可为改性荔枝皮在果汁类食品中砷脱除方法和工艺的应用提供理论与数据参考。