硼钙营养对胡柚果实激素及相关酶代谢的影响

连续2年对胡柚进行叶面喷施硼(B)、钙(Ca)及硼加钙(B+Ca)试验,以探讨B、Ca及其互作对胡柚果实吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、脱落酸(ABA)等内源激素代谢的影响效应。结果表明,B及B+Ca处理明显降低胡柚果实的IAA、GA3、ABA的含量及果实发育前期的ABA/(IAA+GA3)比率,降低了IAA氧化酶的活性,提高了过氧化物酶(POD)的活性;Ca处理对激素代谢的影响效应相对较小。     

Metabarcoding of feces and intestinal contents to determine carnivorous diets in red-crowned cranes in eastern Hokkaido,Japan

The red-crowned crane Grus japonensis in Hokkaido, Japan forms a closed population as a residence that is independent of the mainland population. Based on observations of a limited number of individuals as well as cranes in captivity, red-crowned cranes are omnivores and eat fish, worms, insects and plants in their own territories except in winter, when they are fed with dent corn that is supplied in eastern Hokkaido. DNA metabarcoding based on high throughput sequencing was carried out using universal primer sets for cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Feces from 27 chicks collected in June and July in the period from 2016 to 2018 and intestinal contents from 33 adult and subadult cranes that were found dead almost throughout year in 2006–2013 in the field in eastern Hokkaido were used. Although compositions varied considerably in the cranes, both insects and fish were found in adults and subadults to the same extents, while insects were predominant in chicks. Both insects and fish were detected in all seasons for adults and subadults. Horse flies, scarab beetles and weevils accounted for the most of the insects regardless of the life stage. Dace, stickleback, flatfish and sculpin were the major fish species in adults, while chicks ate almost only stickleback. The results provide the first comprehensive data on carnivorous diets in wild red-crowned cranes in eastern Hokkaido as basis for conservation of red-crowned cranes, for which the life style and area continue to change.     

葡萄糖氧化酶基因植物表达载体的构建

为进一步开展转基因研究创造条件,用限制性内切酶将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)基因从pMD/GO载体上切下,定向连接到植物表达载体pROKⅡ的CaMV35S启动子下游和NOS终止子上游,成功地构建了GOD基因植物表达载体pROK/GO。利用冻融法将此表达载体导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中,提取转化质粒,经PCR和酶切鉴定表明,GOD基因植物表达双元载体构建成功。     

不同种质李果实酚类物质组分及其含量分析

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）技术对‘红布林’、‘黑宝石’、‘安哥诺’、‘07-68’、‘436’、‘北国红’、‘金红李’和‘晚熟红李’8个种质李果实酚类物质进行分析。结果表明,8个种质李果实总酚平均含量为2934.05mg/kg,总黄酮平均含量为2155.7mg/kg。原花青素B1、儿茶素、绿原酸、原花青素B2、表儿茶素、原花青素C、芦丁、槲皮素-半乳糖、槲皮素-葡萄糖、槲皮素-木糖醇和槲皮素-吡喃阿拉伯糖平均含量分别为51.94mg/kg、22.80mg/kg、9.85mg/kg、33.91mg/kg、17.08mg/kg、14.89mg/kg、19.79mg/kg、4.66mg/kg、31.39mg/kg、4.16mg/kg和19.99mg/kg。各组分变异系数为33.89%-266.65%,体现出丰富的多样性。不同试材中,‘北国红’富含原花青素B1、儿茶素,‘红布林’富含绿原酸、原花青素B2、表儿茶素和原花青素C,‘晚熟红李’富含芦丁和槲皮素-吡喃阿拉伯糖,‘安哥诺’富含槲皮素-半乳糖,‘436’富含槲皮素-葡萄糖,‘07-68’富含槲皮素-木糖醇。不同种质李果实酚类物质组成及含量体现出明显差异性。     

灰斑病菌对大豆叶片总多酚和总黄酮的诱导研究

利用大豆灰斑病菌不同致病力的生理小种接种抗感不同的大豆品种,结果表明:大豆叶片内总黄酮类物质的含量与品种的抗病性呈明显正相关;感病品种叶片内总多酚含量变化显著降低,抗病品种总体变化不大.接种致病力强的生理小种能够大幅度提高抗病品种体内总黄酮含量,这一结果可以作为筛选和鉴定抗病品种的一种生化指标;大豆灰斑病菌弱毒菌株能够诱导感病品种体内总黄酮含量提高,进而提高大豆的抗病性,这一结果为大豆灰斑病的生物防治提供了依据.     

Sulodexide protects against hyperglycemia-induced retinal vascular injury via suppressing NOX4/NLRP3 pathway

AIM To investigate the effect of sulodexide (SDX) on high glucose-induced damage in retinal microvascular endothelial cells. METHODS (1) High-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin were used to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) followed by injection of saline or SDX in C57BL/6J male mice. Retinal microvascular leakage and density, and the protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were measured. (2) Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were treated with normal glucose or high glucose with or without SDX, and were further transfected with siRNA to knock down NOX4, or infected by adenovirus to over-express NOX4. The protein levels of ZO-1, VE-cadherin (VE-Cad), NOX4 and NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins as well as the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. RESULTS Treatment with SDX increased the protein level of ZO-1, attenuated retinal leakage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and enhanced the density of microvasculature and the number of ganglion cells in diabetic retinas. The protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad were decreased, while the levels of NOX4, NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and ROS generation were increased in high glucose-treated HRMECs. Silencing of NOX4 inhibited high glucose-induced increases in NLRP3 inflammasome and ROS generation, and decreases in the protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad. Over-expression of NOX4 significantly increased the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and ROS generation in HRMECs, and reduced the protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad. Treatment with SDX partly reversed NOX4 over-expression-induced changes. CONCLUSION SDX alleviates hyperglycemia-induced retinal microvascular endothelial injury via inhibiting NOX4/ROS/NLRP3 pathways.     

兰州百合多酚提取工艺优化研究

以多酚得率为优化指标,对兰州百合中多酚的提取工艺进行研究,通过单因素试验考查了溶剂类型、料液比、溶剂体积分数、超声功率、提取温度和提取液pH值对提取多酚得率的影响,在此基础上,为得到最优的兰州百合多酚提取条件,对乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取液pH值和超声功率4因素进行正交试验,结果得出兰州百合多酚提取最佳工艺参数组合为:乙醇浓度80%、提取温度40 ℃、提取pH值7、超声功率500 W,其多酚的萃取量为100.27 mg/g。     

喀斯特地区泡核桃林土壤酶、微生物量及无机氮的动态研究

【目的】泡核桃林的土壤质地是决定核桃产量的重要因素。开展喀斯特地区泡核桃林土壤肥力状况及微生物群体功能年际变化的研究,不仅有助于指导泡核桃科学高效地生产,而且能为该地区的石漠化治理、土地修复实践提供理论基础。【方法】对喀斯特地区不同种植年限（4、5、6、7 年）泡核桃林土壤酶活性、微生物生物量（碳、氮）及无机氮（硝态氮、铵态氮）的变化及其相关性进行测定和分析。【结果】（1）泡核桃种植 5、6 年后,土壤酶活性普遍高于种植 4、7 年。（2）随着种植年限的增加,微生物量碳呈先增后降的趋势,而微生物量氮逐渐增加,且种植 5、6、7 年后差异不显著;泡核桃种植 4 年后的微生物量碳氮含量均极显著低于其他年限。（3）随着种植年限的增加,铵态氮含量呈波动式变化,硝态氮先增后减,且种植 6 年后的硝态氮含量极显著高于其他年限处理。（4）酶活性、微生物量和无机氮含量均随着土层深度（0~10、10~20、20~30 cm）的增加而降低,显示出明显的“表聚现象”。（5）酶活性、微生物量和无机氮含量三者之间具有不同程度的相关性。【结论】总体来看,泡核桃林的建立有利于喀斯特地区的土壤发育。在泡核桃种植 7 年后,应注重水肥管理以提升泡核桃果实的质量,同时为该区的生态恢复提供基础条件。     

不同生育期卷丹百合的多酚积累特性及其抗氧化活性

为探究不同生育期卷丹百合各器官中多酚类物质的积累规律及其抗氧化能力,分别采用福林–肖卡法、NaNO2–AlCl3法、香草醛比色法、pH示差法测定不同生育期(现蕾期、花期、半枯期、全枯期)卷丹百合各器官(基生根、鳞茎、茎生根、茎秆、叶片、株芽、花）中总酚、总黄酮、总黄烷醇和花色苷的含量,运用DPPH法、铜离子还原法和金属螯合能力、抑制脂质过氧化活性,分析其多酚提取物的抗氧化能力。结果表明：不同生育期卷丹百合各器官多酚类物质的含量及其抗氧化活性存在差异;卷丹百合植株在花期总酚含量最高,半枯期的次之,全枯期的最少;花期,花中总酚含量最高,达14.75 mg/g,叶片中的总酚含量次之,珠芽的最低,仅为3.12 mg/g;卷丹百合多酚提取液的抗氧化能力在花期最强,其次是半枯期;相关性分析表明,卷丹多酚类物质与抗氧化活性在各时期、各器官呈现出显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的相关性,相关系数为–1.00~1.00,其中,花期和半枯期卷丹多酚类物质与铜离子还原力基本呈显著或极显著正相关。