微波与Fenton试剂相结合对含PAM污水的处理研究

针对油田聚合物驱后的含聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）污水,采用微波与Fenton试剂法相结合进行处理,探讨了pH值、温度、Fe^2＋”和H2O2浓度等条件对PAM降解效果的影响。结果表明,pH值在3．5左右,温度在30。左右,普通Fenton试剂法处理的污水中PAM去除率达到90％,而采用微波预处理后污水中PAM的去除率达到98％,超出普通的Fenton试剂法的降解效果。     

小麦和黑麦品种醇溶蛋白的比较分析

为了分析普通小麦醇溶蛋白和黑麦醇溶蛋白的异同,运用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法和反相高效液相色谱法对4个普通小麦品种和4个黑麦品种的醇溶蛋白进行了比较分析。在酸性电泳分析方法中,4个普通小麦品种共分离出16条迁移率不同的谱带,而4个黑麦品种共分离出10条谱带,每个品种在α、β、γ、ω四个区的分布频率也不相同。从谱带出现的频率和染色的深浅可明显看出普通小麦的醇溶蛋白含量远远大于黑麦品种。在反相高效液相色谱分析方法中,普通小麦分离出12～18个组分,黑麦品种分离出6～12个组分;普通小麦不同类型的醇溶蛋白出峰时间比较紧凑,而黑麦的出峰时间差异较大。反相高效液相色谱分析方法能很好地分离醇溶蛋白,且其更快速、简便、所需样品量少。     

甜菜SSR-PCR反应体系的优化

为了建立适宜甜菜的SSR反应体系,笔者以甜菜不育系TB005A为试验材料,研究了甜菜SSR技术中PCR反应体系的主要成分对SSR扩增结果的影响。对SSR反应体系中的DNA模板浓度、引物浓度、Taq聚合酶浓度、dNTPs浓度以及退火温度进行了探索,确立了适合甜菜的SSR反应体系为;在20μL反应体系中,模板DNA为60ng,引物（50ng／μL）1．2μL,Taq DNA聚合酶1．0U,dNTPs（2、5mM／L）0．6μL。并利用该反应体系对30个甜菜不同品系进行SSR反应,用6％的变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,不同品系间DNA谱带多态性丰富,证实该体系稳定可靠。     

甘蓝型油菜叶片蛋白质双向电泳体系优化

比较了甘蓝型油菜叶片总蛋白质提取的2种不同方法,探讨了叶片蛋白质分离的双向凝胶电泳技术优化方案.结果表明:采用TCA/丙酮法较Tris-Cl法更适合蛋白质提取,选择pH为4～7的固相胶条和分离胶浓度为12％的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(SDS-PAGE)能够使蛋白质得到充分分离,采用考马斯亮蓝G250染色剂进行2次染色,可提高2-DE分辨率和实验解析度,优化后的双向电泳体系能够分离出2000个以上的蛋白点,并且重复稳定性好.     

A single amino acid substitution in puroindoline b impacts its self-assembly and the formation of heteromeric assemblies with puroindoline a

Puroindolines (PINs) A and B were purified from soft (Paledor) and hard (Recital, Courtot) wheat cultivars. Their purity and heterogeneity due to post-translational processing were characterized by SDS- and acid-PAGE, reversed-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry. By using dynamic light scattering (DLS), asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), we showed that the size distributions of PINA are similar for the three varieties and that, in solution, they self-assembled into small aggregates, mainly dimers. Conversely, PINB isolated from hard varieties (PINB-D1b and PINB-D1d) are assembled into large aggregates while PINB-D1a formed small aggregates, mainly monomers. Mixed solutions of PINA and PINB formed heteromeric aggregates. The large PINB-D1b aggregates were retained even at a high (4:1) PINA/PINB weight ratio. Reversible dissociation of large aggregates into small aggregates suggested that weak interactions control the self-assembly of PINs. The aggregative properties of PINs have now to be taken into account when studying their interactions with other components to decipher the causal relationships between these proteins and grain hardness.     

Oat protein solubility and emulsion properties improved by enzymatic deamidation

Oat protein produced by a dry milling process was enzymatically deamidated by a food-grade protein-glutaminase (PG), and the effects on structure, solubility and emulsifying properties of oat proteins were studied. The reactions were conducted at neutral pH and low salt concentration conditions. Oat proteins were deamidated up to a deamidation degree of 59%. The solubility of proteins doubled. Oil-in-water emulsions prepared with the native and deamidated oat proteins differed as the emulsions prepared from oat proteins with high deamidation degree had a more uniform oil droplet particle size and longer stability. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis demonstrated that oat protein secondary structure became more flexible by deamidation. Protein-glutaminase mediated deamidation appeared to be a promising technique to improve oat protein functionality such as emulsifying ability and solubility.     

PAM与天然土壤改良材料混合对部分土壤理化性质的影响

为了充分发挥高分子土壤改良剂和一些天然土壤改良材料改土培肥作用,选取了高分子土壤改良剂聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）,分别与具有改土培肥功能的天然土壤改良材料——油渣、秸秆、蛭石、草炭、页岩、风化煤按不同用量混合施入土壤,利用湿筛法、称重法、重铬酸钾容量法、离心机法,测定对土壤水稳性团聚体、孔隙度、土壤有机质、有效含水量和水分蒸发等土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:（1）各处理与单施PAM相比,对土壤孔隙度没有明显影响,但对土壤水稳性团聚体含量均有不同程度的提高,其中PAM与0.6%秸秆处理和PAM与0.3%油渣处理对其影响最为显著,较单施PAM提高4.9%和4.6%;（2）通过天然土壤改良剂自身的有机质含量测定以及PAM分别与六种天然土壤改良材料混合施入土壤培养前后有机质含量测定,结果分析得出,随着材料施入量增加,各处理培养前后土壤有机质含量呈现递增趋势;风化煤处理对土壤有机质含量增加显著,培养后其土壤损失有机质百分比较高,幅度约50%,页岩处理培养土壤损失有机质的百分比较少,幅度约为6%;（3）通过各处理在不同水吸力下土壤持水量和蒸发观测得出,PAM与3%的风化煤处理显著提高土壤有效水含量,PAM与1%的秸秆处理和PAM与1%的油渣处理显著提高了土壤抗蒸发能力。总体上,PAM与风化煤、PAM与油渣和PAM与秸秆处理对土壤结构、土壤有机质含量、土壤水分等方面有显著改善作用。这对进一步研制具有多重功能的土壤改良剂提供参考。     

秦岭坡旱地不同桔梗栽培品种亲缘关系鉴别

为对秦岭坡旱地中药材桔梗品种选育及种质资源鉴定提供依据,应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PA GE)技术研究了不同产地三年生桔梗不同叶位酯酶同工酶(EST)的表达差异,并通过EST-PAGE 图谱迁移率（Rf）、联合系数（S）、酶谱相似度（T）综合分析方法,初步评价了 目前在商洛坡旱地栽培的不同产地桔梗品种的亲缘关系。结果表明：6种不同产地桔梗间的 亲缘关系大小顺序为：甘肃平凉＞山东淄博＞四川广元＞西安蓝田＞内蒙赤峰≈陕西商洛, 内蒙赤峰与陕西商洛桔梗疑为同一品种。     

棉铃虫部分组织中蛋白酶抑制剂的调查与分析

蛋白酶抑制剂在鳞翅目昆虫的生长、发育以及免疫过程中发挥了重要作用.该文采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Native-PAGE)结合胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂(Chymotrypsin inhibitor,CI)和胰蛋白酶抑制剂(Trypsin inhibitor,TI)活性染色的方法,调查了棉铃虫部分组织中胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂和胰蛋白酶抑制剂的分布情况.结果表明:在碱性非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳下,血液中可检测到5条CI活性带,分别命名为H-CI1~H-CI5.同样能检测到几条迁移率很近且难以分开的TI活性带,而在头、丝腺、脂肪体、体壁、中肠和生殖腺等组织器官中没有检测到CI和TI活性带.在酸性非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳下,血液中检测到一条CI活性带,命名为H-CIb1;两条TI活性带,命名为H-TI1和H-TI2.其他组织与碱性电泳的结果一致,未检测到CI和TI的存在.     

芝麻DNA高效提取及PAGE快速银染方法

为了快速、低成本获得高质量的芝麻基因组DNA,本实验在借鉴其他作物DNA常规提取方法基础上,简化了提取步骤,减少了试剂用量,DNA经琼脂糖电泳检测无拖尾,且OD260 /OD280在1.8～2.0之间,表明质量、纯度均较高,摸索了一套芝麻DNA高效提取方法;在常规变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（PAGE）银染程序基础上进行改良,减少了固定环节和试剂用量,缩短了染色和显影时间等,优化建立了芝麻PAGE快速银染方法。