聚丙烯酰胺施用方式对土壤水热及春小麦生产的影响

为了寻找聚丙烯酰胺在春小麦生产中的最佳施用方式,2010年在河套灌区,采用田间试验,以不施用聚丙烯酰胺为对照,开展了沟施、混施、撒施聚丙烯酰胺对土壤水分、土壤温度和春小麦生长状况的影响研究.结果表明:不同施用方式均提高了土壤水分含量,特别是在缺乏灌溉的开花期具有显著作用,其中撒施效果较强,沟施、混施较弱;不同施用方式降低了土壤最高温度,提高了最低温度,缩小了日温差,降低了日均温,其中撒施对地表温度影响较大,沟施对10 cm土层土壤温度影响较大;沟施、混施、撒施均提高了春小麦的总生物量及根系生物量,促进了根系向深层土壤分布,分别较对照增产9.11％、3.94％和28.82％;不同施用方式提高了水分利用效率、水分产出率和灌溉水分产出率,其中撒施效果较强,沟施较弱.在河套灌区,春小麦播种时施用聚丙烯酰胺,撒施应是最适宜的方式.     

受蚜虫及螨侵害的华山松过氧化物酶初步研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE），对受蚜虫侵害的华山松根、茎、叶组织内的过氧化物酶的变化及活性进行了研究。结果表明：受侵害的华山松根、茎、叶组织内的过氧化物酶活性较健康植株增强，酶带条数增多，颜色加深。受侵华山松与正常植株同一器官相比较，叶和根的变化较大，茎的变化较小。     

An improved method for discriminating between Japanese Nagoya chickens and others

Recently, we reported a method for identifying the Nagoya, a Japanese chicken breed. Here we describe an improved method suitable for use in conventional laboratories. Five microsatellite markers fixed in the Nagoya breed were amplified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were digested with CEL I nuclease and electrophoresed in a ready‐made gel. The fragment‐length polymorphisms of each marker were detected clearly in the gel, and the resultant exclusion probabilities were almost equal to that in our previous data. This method can be used in laboratories without a DNA sequencer for routinely discriminating between the Nagoya breed and other chickens.     

Development of the female gametophyte in the sterile ecotype of the bolting Allium sativum L.

Manifestations of female sterility were investigated in a sterile bolting ecotype of Allium sativum (garlic). Morphological studies revealed interference during the formation of integuments around the nucellus and the lack of a micropylar channel and anatomical studies revealed disorders in female gametophyte formation. As the consequence of developmental abnormalities ovule abortion was observed. Finally, significant differences were revealed between 2D protein profiles of sterile ovules of A. sativum and fertile ovules of Allium tuberosum. Further possibilities of application of modern proteomic tools to identify proteins responsible for developmental changes in sterile ovules of A. sativum are discussed.     

二甲胺-丙烯酰胺阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的合成与表征

[目的]分析二甲胺-丙烯酰胺阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的合成与表征。[方法]以丙烯酰胺、二甲胺和甲醛为原料,以亚硫酸氢钠和过硫酸铵作为引发剂合成阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM),采用正交试验来确定CPAM合成的最优方案,并对CPAM进行阳离子度、分子量的测定及红外光谱表征,分析其对制胶废水处理的效果。[结果]制备CPAM的最佳工艺为m(丙烯酰胺)∶m(甲醛):m(二甲胺)=20∶15∶11、反应温度为35℃、反应时间为6 h、引发剂(亚硫酸氢钠和过硫酸铵)质量分数是0.4%;随高聚物的分子量和阳离子度增大,制胶废水絮凝效也增强;分子量检测并结合红外谱图表明由丙烯酰胺、二甲胺等在试验条件下合成了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺。[结论]CPAM对制胶废水有很好的絮凝效果。     

Cellulase in the Host–parasite System Phaseolus vulgaris (L.)–Uromyces appendiculatus [Pers.] Link

Activity of cellulase and xylanase in the intercellular washing fluid (IWF) of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris, cultivar Fori) was monitored during infection with bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus). In infected plants, cellulase activity could be detected at 2 days after inoculation and reached its maximum between 7 and 8 days after inoculation. The enzyme activity was not detected in healthy controls. The cellulase had a pH optimum at pH 5.5 and a temperature optimum at 30°C. Complete inactivation of cellulase occurred after heating to 50°C for 30min. In non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient gels, the enzyme exhibited four bands (molecular masses approximately 70, 95, 120, 170kDa). After isoelectric focusing, eight cellulase isoforms with pI values pI 4.6–4.8; 5–5.1; 5.4; 5.5; 5.9; 6; 6.5; 7 appeared. Two dimensional electrophoresis yielded 13 cellulase isoforms. Unlike cellulase, low levels of xylanase were detected in healthy controls. The activity of this hydrolase did not increase due to rust infection.     

大田试验下不同PAM用量对加工番茄的综合影响

为了研究不同浓度的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对新疆加工番茄产量的具体影响,2018年6月至9月在新疆五家渠市(准噶尔盆地东南部)进行大田试验。试验设置了50g/m2、100g/m2、200g/m2)的三种浓度水平的PAM,在两种灌溉方式下,即100%灌溉水量(与当地农业生产保持一致)和70%灌溉水量,对土壤体积含水率、土壤温度、土壤盐度、番茄的株高、茎粗、叶片气孔阻抗和番茄产量进行统计分析。结果表明：(1)PAM可显著提高土壤体积含水率,且在70%灌溉水量处理下, 100g/m2浓度的PAM保水效果最为显著;(2)PAM的施加显著降低了土壤温度,浓度为100g/m2时最大降低4℃;(3)PAM的增产效果显著,同时进行30%灌溉用水亏缺与施加100g/m2 PAM,番茄产量提高296%。结论为该试验条件下,PAM提高加工番茄产量的最佳用量在100g/m2左右。