聚丙烯酰胺型共聚物对砖红壤上菜心生长状况的影响

运用不同剂量的聚丙烯酰胺型共聚物处理菜心,研究其对菜心生长和水分利用率的影响,为海南省砖红壤蔬菜栽培使用共聚物提供参考依据。结果表明,施用共聚物后各处理菜心的生长状况均优于对照（未施共聚物）,其中每667 m2用量为4 kg的处理表现最佳;当每667 m2共聚物用量在1~4 kg范围内,菜心的根重尧地上部鲜重大致随着共聚物用量的增加表现越好,但每667 m2用量为5 kg 的菜心表现不如用量为4 kg 和3 kg 的处理曰共聚物用量在每667 m2 1~5 kg 的处理在水分利用率方面分别比对照高出14.95%、27.80%、35.22%、43.52%、18.05%。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液对木浆增强作用的研究

以丙烯酰胺和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DDAC)为主单体通过自由基共聚反应合成了水包水型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAA)乳液增强剂,并探讨了在漂白木浆中的应用条件如CPAA乳液用量、反应时间、硫酸铝用量、浆料pH值、搅拌速度对其增强效果的影响。结果表明,当CPAA乳液用量为0.8%(对绝干浆)、pH值7.0、反应时间10 m in、硫酸铝用量为0.5%(对绝干浆)、搅拌速度150 r/m in时,纸页裂断长和撕裂指数与未加助剂时相比依次增加28.7%和12.4%。红外光谱分析表明,合成的CPAA乳液具有预期设计结构。分析添加乳液前后纸页的环境扫描电镜照片对CPAA乳液的增强机理作了初步探讨。     

Synthesis, characterization and application of cationic P(AM-DMC) used for sludge dewatering

Cationic polyacrylamide (P(AM-DAC)) is synthesized by aqueous copolymerization using composite initiator system consists of redox initiator and organic initiator A. The optimum conditions used are as follows: the mass fraction of the redox initiator is 0.15‰, the mass fraction of the organic initiator A is 0.50‰, the gross mass fraction of monomer is 30%, the cationic degree is 40%, and the amount of solubilizer B is 0.20‰. Under these conditions, the molecular weight of the product got is 1.2×107, the dissolving time is 3 h. The structure is proved by IR analysis. DTA-TGA analysis shows that P(AM-DAC) can not be decomposed at room temperature. The results of concentrated sludge dewatering test show that good sludge dewatering results can be achieved using self-made P(AM-DAC) with 40%~80% cationic degree, the transmittance of filtrate is higher than 92%, and the water content ratio of filter cake is lower than 68%. The best sludge dewatering result can be achieved by using the self-made P(AM-DAC) with molecular weight 1.2×107 , cationic degree 40%, the optimum dosage 1.47 kg/t dry sludge, and the transmittance of filtrate is 96.90％, the water ratio of filter cake is 64.50％. The sludge dewatering performance is better than flocculants used in domestic sewage treatment works.     

聚丙烯酰胺与苔藓对幼龄锥栗园土壤侵蚀的影响

采用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和苔藓为材料,利用径流小区试验,观测其对幼林锥栗园土壤侵蚀的影响,分析其在3种雨型下径流量与入渗量、含沙量与产沙量以及侵蚀泥沙机械组成的变化结果表明,3种雨型顺坡和梯田的径流量关系为对照＞ PAM与苔藓混合处理＞PAM处理＞苔藓处理,入渗量为苔藓处理的小区最大;PAM处理的产沙量最少,顺坡长历时降雨条件下苔藓处理降低含沙量的效果更加明显;梅雨产沙主要以粘粒和粉粒为主,雷阵雨和台风雨产沙沙粒比例明显增加,PAM与苔藓混合处理阻止园大颗粒土壤的流失最为有效     

不同产地芡实种仁中蛋白质与 淀粉组分差异性研究

以4个不同产地的芡实(Euryale ferox Salisb.)为试验材料,对其种仁中主要营养成分如蛋白质、淀粉组分进行了分析测定.结果表明,芡实种仁蛋白质主要由清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白构成;不同产地芡实的总蛋白质含量无显著差异,但4种不同蛋白的含量存在显著差异,其中3号芡实的清蛋白和球蛋白含量最高、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量最低,1号芡实的醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量最高、清蛋白和球蛋白含量最低.SDS-PAGE图谱分析表明,4种不同产地的芡实均在45.0～66.2 kD处均含有一条明显的蛋白谱带,而3号芡实在20～45 kD范围内含3条明显蛋白谱带,表明3号芡实含有更多类型的蛋白组分或同工酶成分.此外,不同产地芡实种仁的直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量比值差异显著,其中2号芡实的支链淀粉含量最高,3号芡实支链淀粉含量最低.     

黑猪血清蛋白质及碱性磷酸酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳分析了黑猪血清蛋白质和碱性磷酸酶同工酶生化位点多态性的分布。结果：血清蛋白质可分离出１０ ～１２ 条区带,血红蛋白分离出１ ～２ 条区带,结合珠蛋白分离出４ 条区带,铜蓝蛋白分离出１ 条区带,糖蛋白分离出７ ～９ 条区带,脂蛋白分离出４ 条区带,光密度扫描黑猪血清蛋白质相对面积比分别为白蛋白占３１ ．９０ ％ ,α１ 蛋白占１１ ．１６ ％ ,α２ 蛋白占２４ ．４２ ％ ,β蛋白占１１ ．３１ ％ ,γ蛋白占２１ ．１８ ％ 。碱性磷酸酶同工酶分离出２ 条区带,其中 Ａ Ｌ Ｐ１ 占７３ ．６７ ％ , Ａ Ｌ Ｐ２ 占２１ ．７１ ％ 。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离血清蛋白质和碱性磷酸酶重复性较好,分辨较高,测定蛋白质和碱性磷酸酶的迁移率（ Ｒｍ 值） 和百分含量的变化对分析猪的遗传特征、选育优良品种和诊断诸多疾病有重要意义。     

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对不同土壤坡地水分养分迁移过程的影响

采用室内人工降雨模拟试验,分析了小降雨强度下聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对塿土和砂黄土坡面土壤水分养分迁移过程的影响。试验结果表明,与对照相比较,PAM处理降低坡地入渗速率,增大了地表径流量,砂黄土表现更显著,其径流系数提高了约113%;PAM对土壤硝态氮流失过程影响甚微,但对径流磷和钾的流失特征影响显著;施加PAM分别增加塿土坡地径流磷和径流钾流失量近55%和100%,分别提高了砂黄土坡地径流磷和径流钾流失量1.4倍和4.8倍。因此,水蚀环境不严重的黄土坡地,采用地表施加PAM方式来降低土壤养分流失的途径是不适宜的。     

兴国红鲤、草鱼及其杂种一代血清蛋白质的电泳分析

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳分析了兴国红鲤、草鱼及其杂种一代的血清蛋白。结果表明,它们各有不同的电泳图谱,杂种一代为双亲的嵌合型,相对而言,MA带偏向母本,MI带偏向父本。     

聚丙烯酰胺对蚯蚓的毒性效应

聚丙烯酰胺作为全球应用最广泛,用量最大的水处理剂,而其排放到环境中可能会对生态环境形成潜在的威胁。该研究在人工土壤条件下,通过急性和亚急性暴露试验研究了聚丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺对赤子爱胜蚓存活、生长和繁殖的影响,旨在评价聚丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺对蚯蚓的毒性效应。结果表明,聚丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺对蚯蚓的半致死剂量分别为大于2000和164.01?mg/kg,聚丙烯酰胺比丙烯酰胺毒性低;在急性和亚急性毒性暴露期内,聚丙烯酰胺对蚯蚓的存活和生长无显著影响;而当丙烯酰胺浓度大于100?mg/kg时即对蚯蚓的存活和生长产生显著的影响（P＜0.05）。聚丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺均对蚯蚓的繁殖能力有非常显著的影响（P＜0.05）。因此残留于污泥中的聚丙烯酰胺对环境有一定的潜在风险。     

Myofibrillar proteins in white muscle of the developing African catfish Heterobranchus longifilis (Siluriforms, Clariidae)

Developmental changes in myofibrillar protein composition were investigated in the myotomal muscle of the African catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis (Clariidae), by several electrophoretic techniques. The main muscle fibres of larvae and the fast-white muscle fibres of juvenile and adult fish were found to express distinct myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain 2 (LC2) isoforms. Three myosin LC2 chains were successively detected, differing by their isoelectric points. In contrast, the alkali light chains remained qualitatively and quantitatively unchanged during fish growth. Actin, -tropomyosin, and troponin-C (TN-C) were also similar in larval, juvenile, and adult white muscle, but an additional larval tropomyosin isoform was found in the first developmental stages. Two isoforms of troponin-T (TN-T) and troponin-I (TN-I) were synthesised in the course of fish growth. Transition from the larval to the adult isoform was much faster for TN-T than for TN-I. Slow-red muscle myofibrils from adult H. longifilis showed no common component (except actin) with larval, juvenile, or adult fast-white muscle myofibrils. Red myofibrils displayed a single TN-T and a single TN-I isoform, but two isoforms of TN-C. The myofibrillar protein isoforms synthesised at any given developmental stage almost certainly reflect changes in the functional requirements of swimming muscles in the course of fish development.