Effect of Gypsum and Polyacrylamide Application on Erodibility of an Acid Kunigami Mahji Soil

Calcium carbonates and gypsum are often used to improve the chemical status of acid soils. This study discusses the effects of gypsum and polyacrylamide (PAM) application on infiltration and erodibility of a Japanese acid soil. Acid Kunigami mahji soil (sedimentary rock derived, Typic Hapludult) from Okinawa was packed into an acrylic plastic box, and simulated rainfall of 40 mm h⁻¹ was applied. Prior to the rainfall, 2.5 t ha⁻¹ of gypsum and/or 15 kg ha⁻¹ of non-ionic or anionic PAM were applied onto soil surface. During a rainfall, surface runoff was collected periodically, and sediment concentration, pH, and electric conductivity of the runoff were measured. Gypsum application enhanced surface runoff. During the rainfall, EC of the runoff was greater than the critical coagulation concentration of the clays of the mahji soil, however the soil became dispersive with gypsum application. PAM application could improve infiltration of gypsum amended mahji soil and reduce sediment loss.     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液对木浆增强作用的研究

以丙烯酰胺和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DDAC)为主单体通过自由基共聚反应合成了水包水型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAA)乳液增强剂,并探讨了在漂白木浆中的应用条件如CPAA乳液用量、反应时间、硫酸铝用量、浆料pH值、搅拌速度对其增强效果的影响。结果表明,当CPAA乳液用量为0.8%(对绝干浆)、pH值7.0、反应时间10 m in、硫酸铝用量为0.5%(对绝干浆)、搅拌速度150 r/m in时,纸页裂断长和撕裂指数与未加助剂时相比依次增加28.7%和12.4%。红外光谱分析表明,合成的CPAA乳液具有预期设计结构。分析添加乳液前后纸页的环境扫描电镜照片对CPAA乳液的增强机理作了初步探讨。     

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对不同土壤坡地水分养分迁移过程的影响

采用室内人工降雨模拟试验,分析了小降雨强度下聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对塿土和砂黄土坡面土壤水分养分迁移过程的影响。试验结果表明,与对照相比较,PAM处理降低坡地入渗速率,增大了地表径流量,砂黄土表现更显著,其径流系数提高了约113%;PAM对土壤硝态氮流失过程影响甚微,但对径流磷和钾的流失特征影响显著;施加PAM分别增加塿土坡地径流磷和径流钾流失量近55%和100%,分别提高了砂黄土坡地径流磷和径流钾流失量1.4倍和4.8倍。因此,水蚀环境不严重的黄土坡地,采用地表施加PAM方式来降低土壤养分流失的途径是不适宜的。     

兴国红鲤、草鱼及其杂种一代血清蛋白质的电泳分析

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳分析了兴国红鲤、草鱼及其杂种一代的血清蛋白。结果表明,它们各有不同的电泳图谱,杂种一代为双亲的嵌合型,相对而言,MA带偏向母本,MI带偏向父本。     

Synthesis, characterization and application of cationic P(AM-DMC) used for sludge dewatering

Cationic polyacrylamide (P(AM-DAC)) is synthesized by aqueous copolymerization using composite initiator system consists of redox initiator and organic initiator A. The optimum conditions used are as follows: the mass fraction of the redox initiator is 0.15‰, the mass fraction of the organic initiator A is 0.50‰, the gross mass fraction of monomer is 30%, the cationic degree is 40%, and the amount of solubilizer B is 0.20‰. Under these conditions, the molecular weight of the product got is 1.2×107, the dissolving time is 3 h. The structure is proved by IR analysis. DTA-TGA analysis shows that P(AM-DAC) can not be decomposed at room temperature. The results of concentrated sludge dewatering test show that good sludge dewatering results can be achieved using self-made P(AM-DAC) with 40%~80% cationic degree, the transmittance of filtrate is higher than 92%, and the water content ratio of filter cake is lower than 68%. The best sludge dewatering result can be achieved by using the self-made P(AM-DAC) with molecular weight 1.2×107 , cationic degree 40%, the optimum dosage 1.47 kg/t dry sludge, and the transmittance of filtrate is 96.90％, the water ratio of filter cake is 64.50％. The sludge dewatering performance is better than flocculants used in domestic sewage treatment works.     

燕麦种质资源醇溶蛋白遗传多样性研究

为了给燕麦种质资源的收集、保护以及利用提供信息,采用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)对74份燕麦种质资源进行了醇溶蛋白遗传多样性分析.结果表明,供试燕麦醇溶蛋白位点存在丰富的等位变异,共检测到73种燕麦醇溶蛋白图谱.其醇溶蛋白带纹遗传相似系数为0.1667～1.000,平均遗传相似系数为0.4964.共分离出19种迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白带纹,醇溶蛋白的带纹多态性为100%.等位基因平均遗传多样性指数为0.5229,表明供试燕麦种质醇溶蛋白变异丰富,存在广泛的遗传多样性.基于燕麦醇溶蛋白聚类分析将74份材料分为6类,部分供试材料分类结果与其地理来源有关.     

烟蚜两种微卫星标记银染方法的比较

实验比较了烟蚜SSR-PCR产物聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳两种改良银染方法,目的是为初用者在选择银染方法时提供参考。用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测烟蚜SSR-PCR的产物,结果表明银染方法二灵敏度高、简便省时,更适于对烟蚜遗传多样性的研究。     

新聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳快速检测大豆脂氧酶缺失方法

通过对传统SDS-PAGE电泳技术中样品前处理及制胶技术的改进,开发出了一种能够清晰鉴别Lox-1与Lox-2同工酶的SDS-PAGE电泳快速检测新技术.利用新改进的方法,在289个CS8000(9)×FJ307(♂)F2杂交后代中,选拔出Lox-1,-2,-3同工酶完全缺失的个体27株,以及Lox-1,-3和Lox-...     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜种子酸性磷酸酯酶同工酶分析

本文利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对黄籽油菜种子发育过程中籽粒的酸性磷酸酯酶同工酶进行分析。研究结果表明：种子发育过程中,不同黄籽油菜品系的酸性磷酸酯酶同工酶酶谱间存在明显差异,同一品系不同时期的酸性磷酸酯酶的活性有随着油菜的发育先增长再下降的趋势。     

施用不同剂量的聚丙烯酰胺对土壤含水量的影响

通过在分析不同植被恢复区里施用不同聚丙烯酰胺剂量下土壤含水量变化的基础上,应用方差分析及LSD多重比较法进行了研究,研究结果表明:各种不同剂量的聚丙烯酰胺处理在水平度为0.05上和0.01上分别呈显著水平和极显著水平。而且,不同植被恢复区随聚丙烯酰胺剂量的加大土壤含水量规律性变化较强。