Molecular characterization of storage proteins for selected durum wheat varieties grown in different environments

The variations of the amounts of individual high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), of the ratios HMW-GSy to HMW-GSx and HMW-GS to low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) and of protein content were evaluated for eight durum wheat cultivars in two regions using four fertilizer combinations during two successive years. All measured parameters showed significant variation with genotypes (G), environments (E) and fertilizers (F). The interaction E × G × F was highly significant for glutenin amount variation. Amongst cultivars possessing HMW-GS 20, landraces seem to better value the N-fertilizer use for the accumulation of HMW-GSy than high yielding cultivars. Both HMW-GSy to HMW-GSx and HMW-GS to LMW-GS ratios were found to be positively correlated (p < 0.05) with total protein content.     

燕麦种质资源醇溶蛋白遗传多样性研究

为了给燕麦种质资源的收集、保护以及利用提供信息,采用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)对74份燕麦种质资源进行了醇溶蛋白遗传多样性分析.结果表明,供试燕麦醇溶蛋白位点存在丰富的等位变异,共检测到73种燕麦醇溶蛋白图谱.其醇溶蛋白带纹遗传相似系数为0.1667～1.000,平均遗传相似系数为0.4964.共分离出19种迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白带纹,醇溶蛋白的带纹多态性为100%.等位基因平均遗传多样性指数为0.5229,表明供试燕麦种质醇溶蛋白变异丰富,存在广泛的遗传多样性.基于燕麦醇溶蛋白聚类分析将74份材料分为6类,部分供试材料分类结果与其地理来源有关.     

PAM在土壤重金属污染植物修复中的作用及机理研究进展

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为一种性能优良的高分子聚合物,近年来广泛应用于农业水土保持及土壤改良。通过文献调研,在综述PAM对土壤中重金属作用及机理基础上,分析了其对土壤重金属污染植物修复的应用潜力：（1）PAM及其改性产物施用于土壤后可吸附特定的重金属离子,降低重金属对植物的毒害作用,但效果受pH值、温度等条件影响;（2）PAM在改善土壤理化性质的同时,可通过吸附、螯合及络合等作用抑制重金属的生物有效性,从而改善修复植物的生长条件。尽管PAM降解产物之一的丙烯酰胺单体(AMD)具有神经毒性,但是通过调节施加方式及引入降解微生物等方法可以避免PAM降解对土壤产生不良影响,进而将健康风险控制在安全范围内。因此,PAM是环境友好的重金属污染土壤植物修复促进剂,且其环境风险可控。     

PAM调控土壤养分元素迁移与流失试验研究

[目的]研究聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对氮磷钾素在砂土中的迁移和淋溶损失的影响,为探索PAM对控制养分元素的迁移、淋溶损失,提高水肥利用率的作用机制提供理论依据。[方法]采用室内土柱模拟淋溶试验,共设置5个不同质量分数水平(0,0.02%,0.05%,0.1%和0.2%)的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺处理组,观察PAM对氮磷钾淋溶和迁移的影响。[结果]PAM能降低土壤淋溶液中的氮浓度,各PAM处理组与对照组相比,土壤淋溶液中氮浓度降低了28.8%~45.5%,同时能抑制土壤中的氮向下迁移;PAM促进了土壤对氮的吸附与固定,各处理组土壤中的氮含量与对照组相比增加了135.2%~285.7%;PAM能够降低土壤淋溶液中的钾浓度,各PAM处理组与对照组相比,土壤淋溶液中钾浓度降低了33.2%~51.8%,同时能抑制土壤中的钾向下迁移;PAM促进了土壤对钾的吸附与固定,各处理组土壤中的钾含量与对照组相比增加了42.5%~65.7%;PAM不能减少土壤溶液中磷的淋溶损失,对土壤吸附固定磷没有明显的作用,反而减弱了土壤对磷的吸附固定能力。[结论]土壤中施加PAM能有效减少氮、钾在土壤中的淋溶损失,增加土壤对氮、钾的保持固定作用,但对磷的作用效果并不理想。     

聚丙烯酰胺对沙化草场土壤水分的影响

研究了施用不同剂量的聚丙烯酰胺后,0-20 cm土层的土壤含水量、不同天气情况下的土壤含水量以及观测期始末土壤含水量的变化,结果表明:几种处理中,施用剂量为75 kg/hm~2的处理土壤含水量最高;观测后期与观测前期比较以75 kg/hm~2处理土壤含水量相差最小;10—20 cm土层土壤含水量降幅小于0—10 cm土层。     

Synthesis, characterization and application of cationic P(AM-DMC) used for sludge dewatering

Cationic polyacrylamide (P(AM-DAC)) is synthesized by aqueous copolymerization using composite initiator system consists of redox initiator and organic initiator A. The optimum conditions used are as follows: the mass fraction of the redox initiator is 0.15‰, the mass fraction of the organic initiator A is 0.50‰, the gross mass fraction of monomer is 30%, the cationic degree is 40%, and the amount of solubilizer B is 0.20‰. Under these conditions, the molecular weight of the product got is 1.2×107, the dissolving time is 3 h. The structure is proved by IR analysis. DTA-TGA analysis shows that P(AM-DAC) can not be decomposed at room temperature. The results of concentrated sludge dewatering test show that good sludge dewatering results can be achieved using self-made P(AM-DAC) with 40%~80% cationic degree, the transmittance of filtrate is higher than 92%, and the water content ratio of filter cake is lower than 68%. The best sludge dewatering result can be achieved by using the self-made P(AM-DAC) with molecular weight 1.2×107 , cationic degree 40%, the optimum dosage 1.47 kg/t dry sludge, and the transmittance of filtrate is 96.90％, the water ratio of filter cake is 64.50％. The sludge dewatering performance is better than flocculants used in domestic sewage treatment works.     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜种子酸性磷酸酯酶同工酶分析

本文利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对黄籽油菜种子发育过程中籽粒的酸性磷酸酯酶同工酶进行分析。研究结果表明：种子发育过程中,不同黄籽油菜品系的酸性磷酸酯酶同工酶酶谱间存在明显差异,同一品系不同时期的酸性磷酸酯酶的活性有随着油菜的发育先增长再下降的趋势。     

聚丙烯酰胺对土壤物理性质的影响

以不同剂型、不同浓度对土壤施入聚丙烯酸胺,探讨其对土壤物理性质的影响,试验结果表明:土壤经聚丙烯酸胺处理后一般沉降系数增大9%,分散系数减少7%～及9%,结构系数增大3%～8%,水稳性团粒含量增加30%～50%,结构性能增强3%～8%,土壤渗透性能增大32%。这些指标证明该材料是较好的土壤结构改良剂之一,对防治土壤侵蚀起重要作用。     

Comparative analysis of the phenotypic characteristics of high- and low-virulent strains of Edwardsiella tarda

Edwardsiella tarda is a causative agent of edwardsiellosis in freshwater and marine fish. Extracellular enzymic, haemolytic, hydrophobic and serum resistance activities, haemagglutination, autoagglutination and siderophores of high‐ and low‐ virulent E. tarda strains were examined. The results revealed different haemagglutination, autoagglutination, haemolytic, hydrophobic and serum resistance activities in different strains. Analysis of extracellular proteins (ECPs) and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) demonstrated several major, low molecular weight, virulent‐strain‐specific proteins, which could be virulence‐related. Based on the database search with MALDI‐TOF MS data, the closest homologies of the three protein bands Ed1, Ed2 and Ed3 were phosphotransferase enzyme family protein, nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H], large subunit and ATP‐dependent Lon protease, respectively. A comparison of pathogenicity of purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipid A from virulent and avirulent strains demonstrated that LPS was one of the virulence factors of the E. tarda isolates, and lipid A was a biologically active determinant of LPS.     

Granule‐bound starch synthase (GBSS) diversity of ancient wheat and related species

Granule‐bound starch synthase of ancient wheat and related species was examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel. A total of 13 different alleles were revealed in a collection of three accessions of diploid wheat, six accessions of tetraploid wheat, 49 accessions of spelt wheat, nine accessions of Sitopsis and two accessions of Aegilops tauschii. A new allele named Wx‐A1a′ appeared in four spelt wheat accessions. The tetraploid wheat accessions evaluated did not show any polymorphism; nevertheless the tetraploid accessions of Sitopsis section revealed three novel alleles. The novel allele Wx‐D^dn1g was found in two accessions of A. ventricosa and the Wx‐D^dcm1h and Wx‐D^dcm1i in two accessions of A. crassa. A novel allele named Wx‐A^u1g was found in Triticum urartu, which is different from the also new Wx‐A^m1h allele of T. monococcum. The diploid‐related species accessions revealed two novel alleles named Wx‐B^sl1h and Wx‐B^s1g found, respectively, in A. longissima and A. speltoides. The amylose content was measured for the different alleles found in all evaluated species and no significant effects of the allele composition on the amylose content were detected.