秦岭坡旱地不同桔梗栽培品种亲缘关系鉴别

为对秦岭坡旱地中药材桔梗品种选育及种质资源鉴定提供依据,应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PA GE)技术研究了不同产地三年生桔梗不同叶位酯酶同工酶(EST)的表达差异,并通过EST-PAGE 图谱迁移率（Rf）、联合系数（S）、酶谱相似度（T）综合分析方法,初步评价了 目前在商洛坡旱地栽培的不同产地桔梗品种的亲缘关系。结果表明：6种不同产地桔梗间的 亲缘关系大小顺序为：甘肃平凉＞山东淄博＞四川广元＞西安蓝田＞内蒙赤峰≈陕西商洛, 内蒙赤峰与陕西商洛桔梗疑为同一品种。     

细菌纤维素产生菌双向凝胶电泳分析技术

对细菌纤维素产生菌株———葡糖酸醋杆菌菌体蛋白的提取过程、等电点的分布及纯化方法等方面进行了探索和优化。结果表明:葡糖酸醋杆菌蛋白主要分布在pI 4~7的范围内;采用超滤浓缩后进行2D Clean-up试剂盒纯化,可以获得更优的蛋白分离效果;在考马斯亮蓝G250染色条件下,有效分离出(1037±65)个蛋白点;建立了高质量葡糖酸醋杆菌蛋白的双向凝胶电泳分析技术。     

聚丙烯酰胺对蚯蚓的毒性效应

聚丙烯酰胺作为全球应用最广泛,用量最大的水处理剂,而其排放到环境中可能会对生态环境形成潜在的威胁。该研究在人工土壤条件下,通过急性和亚急性暴露试验研究了聚丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺对赤子爱胜蚓存活、生长和繁殖的影响,旨在评价聚丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺对蚯蚓的毒性效应。结果表明,聚丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺对蚯蚓的半致死剂量分别为大于2000和164.01?mg/kg,聚丙烯酰胺比丙烯酰胺毒性低;在急性和亚急性毒性暴露期内,聚丙烯酰胺对蚯蚓的存活和生长无显著影响;而当丙烯酰胺浓度大于100?mg/kg时即对蚯蚓的存活和生长产生显著的影响（P＜0.05）。聚丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺均对蚯蚓的繁殖能力有非常显著的影响（P＜0.05）。因此残留于污泥中的聚丙烯酰胺对环境有一定的潜在风险。     

Myofibrillar proteins in white muscle of the developing African catfish Heterobranchus longifilis (Siluriforms, Clariidae)

Developmental changes in myofibrillar protein composition were investigated in the myotomal muscle of the African catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis (Clariidae), by several electrophoretic techniques. The main muscle fibres of larvae and the fast-white muscle fibres of juvenile and adult fish were found to express distinct myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain 2 (LC2) isoforms. Three myosin LC2 chains were successively detected, differing by their isoelectric points. In contrast, the alkali light chains remained qualitatively and quantitatively unchanged during fish growth. Actin, -tropomyosin, and troponin-C (TN-C) were also similar in larval, juvenile, and adult white muscle, but an additional larval tropomyosin isoform was found in the first developmental stages. Two isoforms of troponin-T (TN-T) and troponin-I (TN-I) were synthesised in the course of fish growth. Transition from the larval to the adult isoform was much faster for TN-T than for TN-I. Slow-red muscle myofibrils from adult H. longifilis showed no common component (except actin) with larval, juvenile, or adult fast-white muscle myofibrils. Red myofibrils displayed a single TN-T and a single TN-I isoform, but two isoforms of TN-C. The myofibrillar protein isoforms synthesised at any given developmental stage almost certainly reflect changes in the functional requirements of swimming muscles in the course of fish development.     

聚丙烯酰胺型共聚物对砖红壤上菜心生长状况的影响

运用不同剂量的聚丙烯酰胺型共聚物处理菜心,研究其对菜心生长和水分利用率的影响,为海南省砖红壤蔬菜栽培使用共聚物提供参考依据。结果表明,施用共聚物后各处理菜心的生长状况均优于对照（未施共聚物）,其中每667 m2用量为4 kg的处理表现最佳;当每667 m2共聚物用量在1~4 kg范围内,菜心的根重尧地上部鲜重大致随着共聚物用量的增加表现越好,但每667 m2用量为5 kg 的菜心表现不如用量为4 kg 和3 kg 的处理曰共聚物用量在每667 m2 1~5 kg 的处理在水分利用率方面分别比对照高出14.95%、27.80%、35.22%、43.52%、18.05%。     

Application of a radioimmunoassay for detection of the major internal antigen (p24) of bovine leukemia virus from cultured lymphocytes of cattle

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for the major internal antigen of bovine leukemia virus has been applied to detecting this protein in cultured lymphocytes of infected cattle. The specificity inherent in this assay offers obvious advantages over a previously described syncytium induction assay for infectious bovine leukemia virus, because false positive reactions due to other viruses such as bovine syncytial virus are avoided. Investigations of various culture conditions indicated that maximal amounts of antigen had been produced after incubation for 72 hr at 37°C. Lymphocyte concentrations of 10⁶?5×10⁷ cells/ml gave satisfactory results. Tests of cultured lymphocytes from bovine leukemia virus infected or bovine leukemia virus-free cattle indicated a comparable sensitivity between the radioimmunoassay and syncytium induction assay in the detection of bovine leukemia virus infections.     

PAM在土壤重金属污染植物修复中的作用及机理研究进展

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为一种性能优良的高分子聚合物,近年来广泛应用于农业水土保持及土壤改良。通过文献调研,在综述PAM对土壤中重金属作用及机理基础上,分析了其对土壤重金属污染植物修复的应用潜力：（1）PAM及其改性产物施用于土壤后可吸附特定的重金属离子,降低重金属对植物的毒害作用,但效果受pH值、温度等条件影响;（2）PAM在改善土壤理化性质的同时,可通过吸附、螯合及络合等作用抑制重金属的生物有效性,从而改善修复植物的生长条件。尽管PAM降解产物之一的丙烯酰胺单体(AMD)具有神经毒性,但是通过调节施加方式及引入降解微生物等方法可以避免PAM降解对土壤产生不良影响,进而将健康风险控制在安全范围内。因此,PAM是环境友好的重金属污染土壤植物修复促进剂,且其环境风险可控。     

PAM调控土壤养分元素迁移与流失试验研究

[目的]研究聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对氮磷钾素在砂土中的迁移和淋溶损失的影响,为探索PAM对控制养分元素的迁移、淋溶损失,提高水肥利用率的作用机制提供理论依据。[方法]采用室内土柱模拟淋溶试验,共设置5个不同质量分数水平(0,0.02%,0.05%,0.1%和0.2%)的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺处理组,观察PAM对氮磷钾淋溶和迁移的影响。[结果]PAM能降低土壤淋溶液中的氮浓度,各PAM处理组与对照组相比,土壤淋溶液中氮浓度降低了28.8%~45.5%,同时能抑制土壤中的氮向下迁移;PAM促进了土壤对氮的吸附与固定,各处理组土壤中的氮含量与对照组相比增加了135.2%~285.7%;PAM能够降低土壤淋溶液中的钾浓度,各PAM处理组与对照组相比,土壤淋溶液中钾浓度降低了33.2%~51.8%,同时能抑制土壤中的钾向下迁移;PAM促进了土壤对钾的吸附与固定,各处理组土壤中的钾含量与对照组相比增加了42.5%~65.7%;PAM不能减少土壤溶液中磷的淋溶损失,对土壤吸附固定磷没有明显的作用,反而减弱了土壤对磷的吸附固定能力。[结论]土壤中施加PAM能有效减少氮、钾在土壤中的淋溶损失,增加土壤对氮、钾的保持固定作用,但对磷的作用效果并不理想。     

聚丙烯酰胺对沙化草场土壤水分的影响

研究了施用不同剂量的聚丙烯酰胺后,0-20 cm土层的土壤含水量、不同天气情况下的土壤含水量以及观测期始末土壤含水量的变化,结果表明:几种处理中,施用剂量为75 kg/hm~2的处理土壤含水量最高;观测后期与观测前期比较以75 kg/hm~2处理土壤含水量相差最小;10—20 cm土层土壤含水量降幅小于0—10 cm土层。