光照对加工番茄穴盘苗植株形态及生理的影响

【目的】通过对穴盘苗设置光照和遮阴条件,探讨光照对穴盘苗植株形态及生理的影响。【方法】以加工番茄87-5(里格尔,下同)和新番41号为材料,设置正常光照和遮阴两个处理,对比研究穴盘徒长苗与正常苗在外部形态指标及生理发生的变化差异。【结果】遮光处理下的穴盘苗株高变高、叶面积变大、RWC(相对含水量)上升、叶片数减少、WSD(饱和亏)下降、根系活力下降,与此同时SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性、游离脯氨酸、POD(过氧化物酶)活性、总糖量、过氧化氢酶活性、丙二醛均有一定程度的下降。【结论】光照对加工番茄穴盘苗的植株形态及生理有明显的影响,充足的光照直接影响到穴盘苗的成苗质量。     

不同甜椒品种苗期低温弱光耐受性的鉴定

在15℃/5℃（昼/夜）、光照强度4 000～5 000 lx、光照时间8 h、处理15 d的条件下,研究10个不同甜椒品种及杂种一代对低温弱光的耐受性。根据株高、叶片数、叶面积、冷害指数等形态指标和叶绿素含量变化等生理指标隶属函数值的综合评定,可将10个甜椒材料分为：耐冷力强（TZ29[6]、TZ21[2]、TZ20[1]）;耐冷力中等（冀15号、自34、自38）;耐冷力弱（ZH4、冀新6号、冀28号、4中S909）3类。     

不同浓度NAA/6BA配比对不同品种甘薯茎尖培养特性的影响

为明确不同品种甘薯茎尖培养的最佳NAA/6BA配比,设置0.1 mg/L/2.5 mg/L、0.2 mg/L/2.5 mg/L、0.2 mg/L/1.0 mg/L 3组NAA/6BA浓度配比处理,观测不同浓度激素处理对‘北京553’、‘红香蕉’、‘苏薯8号’、‘烟薯25’、‘安吉芋’、‘济徐23’、‘渝紫7号’、‘商薯19’茎尖培养成苗率、愈伤组织直径、不定根数目、叶片数和植株高度的影响,同时调查不同品种试管苗的移栽成活率。结果表明,‘红香蕉’、‘济徐23’、‘渝紫7号’、‘商薯19’在0.1 mg/L/2.5 mg/L的处理下培养效率最高;‘安吉芋’在0.2 mg/L/2.5 mg/L的处理下培养效率最高;‘苏薯8号’、‘北京553’、‘烟薯25’在0.2 mg/L/1.0 mg/L的处理下培养效率最高。因此,在甘薯茎尖培养过程中,不同甘薯品种适宜的NAA/6BA配比存在显著差异,在实际生产中应根据品种特性来进行调整激素的用量和比例。     

甜樱桃新品系的选育研究

本试验以5~6 a生的红灯、大紫、抉择等甜樱桃品种的自然授粉的胚培苗为试材,通过对樱桃果实的大小、颜色、可溶性固形物、果肉质地、果汁含量、成熟度等经济性状的观察,明确了优质、自交可孕、不易裂果、耐贮运、适于机械采收、抗病虫、抗寒等现代育种目标,初步选育出几个优株:可溶性固形物高的I-6,平均单果重为2.66 g,最大单果重3.15 g,可溶性固形物为20%;果个较大,丰产性好的I-16,平均单果重为4.57 g,最大单果重6.14 g,可溶性固形物为16%;适于老年人鲜食的,软汁甜樱桃II-15,平均单果重为5.00 g,最大单果重5.71 g,可溶性固形物为17%以及晚熟、色黑果大的III-2,平均单果重为3.48 g、最大单果重3.53 g、可溶性固形物为16%。     

兴安落叶松育苗容器质地及规格的研究

1988～1990年通过一年生苗的高生长、地径与合理密度的观察。兴安落叶松育苗容器材料和规格的研究结果表明,纸容器的苗木无论在苗高、地径上与其它容器比较都具有显著性差异,容器规格选择φ3.8×12.5cm为宜,较理想密度为910株/m~2。     

两种低聚糖对烟草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为研究低聚糖对烟草种子萌发、早期幼苗生长及生理生化指标的影响,通过不同浓度浸种,记录种子萌发情况,30 d后观察早期幼苗形态特征,并分别测定了幼苗叶片的叶绿素、MDA、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量、细胞膜透性和SOD、POD、CAT等保护酶活性等生理生化指标。结果表明,两种低聚糖处理对烟草的萌发都有一定的抑制作用,但在其生长期可以补充营养,促进幼苗生长发育。     

4种外源激素处理对羊草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究了100~600μg/g赤霉素(GA3)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)、25~100μg/g 6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)和脱落酸(ABA)对羊草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,100~300μg/g GA3和IAA以及25μg/g 6-BA对羊草种子的萌发最终表现为促进作用,总体效果为GA3>IAA>6-BA。当GA3和IAA浓度大于400μg/g或6-BA浓度大于50μg/g时对羊草种子的最终发芽率均表现为不同程度的抑制;25~100μg/g的外源激素ABA对羊草种子萌发没有抑制作用。GA3处理均能显著促进羊草幼苗的伸长,IAA和6-BA则表现为不同程度的抑制作用;GA3、IAA和6-BA 3种促进激素对羊草的根长和根冠比均表现为抑制作用;25~100μg/g ABA对羊草苗长、根长以及根冠比没有显著影响。     

Interactions between the tillage system and crop rotation on the crop yield and weed populations under arid conditions

Field experiments were conducted in Iran in order to determine the interactions between the tillage system and crop rotation on weed seedling populations and crop yields from 2002 to 2005. No tillage, shallow tillage and deep tillage were the main plots and three crop sequences comprising continuous wheat (W‐W), wheat–canola–wheat–canola (C‐W) and wheat–safflower–wheat–safflower (S‐W) were the subplots. Bromus japonicus, Carthumus lanatus, Polygonum aviculare, Lolium temulentum and Avena ludoviciana were found to be the dominant species. The initial weed population in 2002 was estimated at 65 seedlings per m² and B. japonicus (～35 seedlings per m²) was the most abundant species, followed by A. ludoviciana and L. temulentum. The dominant weed species mostly did not favor the combination of S‐W and C‐W with any tillage type. For the B. japonicus population, S‐W in combination with moldboard plowing indicated the lowest seedling population. In conclusion, the crop sequence in combination with tillage would help to control troublesome weed species. Safflower and canola were determined to be effective in reducing the grass weeds. The inclusion of these crops in rotation also increased the total revenue of the cropping systems because of the higher sale price of canola and safflower.     

煤矸石淋滤液对小麦种子及幼苗的生态毒性研究

以山西省农业科学院提供的小麦品种长麦6135为研究对象,采用室内培养方法和柱状淋溶装置,模拟大气降水,用5个不同浓度的煤矸石淋滤液处理小麦种子,分析其对小麦发芽势、发芽率、叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活力等的影响。结果表明：煤矸石淋滤液对小麦种子的发芽有一定抑制作用,浓度越高,抑制作用越显著,煤矸石淋滤液浓度为720．8 mg／L 时小麦发芽势和发芽率均最低,分别为65．6％、69．0％。煤矸石淋滤液浓度为324．5～720．8 mg／L 时,小麦芽长与苗高均显著低于对照组,当浓度为451．5～720．8 mg／L 时,小麦苗质量显著低于对照组;叶绿素含量与煤矸石淋滤液浓度呈线性负相关。不同煤矸石淋滤液浓度的小麦幼苗 POD 活性差异性显著,而 SOD 和CAT 活性差异性极显著;不同部位的 POD 和 SOD 活性差异极显著;不同时间 POD 和 CAT 活性差异极显著。因此,煤矸石淋滤液对小麦种子发芽和幼苗生长具有一定的生态毒性。     

Studies on Tomato Seedling Quality Indices Under Simulated Shipping and Storage Conditions

Indices of the tomato seedling quality maintenance level after production before field planting were studied through simulated experiments, small--scale operation, indoor analyses and measurements, and field observation. The results showed that under simulated shipping and storage conditions, seedling quality change following different durations (days) of shipping and storage was correlated significantly or even very significantly with certain physiological and morphological indices. With various measured indices following different periods of shipping and storage treatment subjected to multinomial successive regressive correlation analysis, the principal factors influencing seedling quality maintenance level are identified to be chlorophyll content→dry short weight→ leaf freshness index in order of their importance. Significance analysis with multinomial fitted equation indicated that correlations between any one of above three factors and the growth index after field planting reached very significant difference level.