水稻白叶枯病菌拮抗细菌B56菌株的拮抗活性研究

B56 菌株经30 ℃振荡培养去菌体,其上清液经2 m ol/L 硫酸铵沉淀获得对水稻白叶枯病菌有拮抗活性的初提液。该初提液具有耐热性,经一定强度热处理后仍保持强的抑菌能力;抑菌效果在pH3～9 之间无明显差异;用胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K 等处理后拮抗活性无明显变化。利用PhenylSepharose CL-4B疏水色谱柱和DEAE-Sephacel阴离子交换柱分离B56 菌株初提液, 得到一个具有拮抗活性的洗脱峰。该洗脱峰经SDS-PAGE检测发现具有一条分子量约为36 kD 的蛋白带。质粒提取和检测发现B56菌株存在一个稳定的内源质粒。     

Advancing approach and toolbox in optimization of chloroplast genetic transformation technology

Chloroplast is a discrete, highly structured, and semi-autonomous cellular organelle. The small genome of chloroplast makes it an up-and-coming platform for synthetic biology. As a special means of synthetic biology, chloroplast genetic engineering shows excellent potential in reconstructing various sophisticated metabolic pathways within the plants for specific purposes, such as improving crop photosynthetic capacity, enhancing plant stress resistance, and synthesizing new drugs and vaccines. However, many plant species exhibit limited efficiency or inability in chloroplast genetic transformation. Hence, new transformation technologies and tools are being constantly developed. In order to further expand and facilitate the application of chloroplast genetic engineering, this review summarizes the new technologies in chloroplast genetic transformation in recent years and discusses the choice of appropriate synthetic biological elements for the construction of efficient chloroplast transformation vectors.     

大肠杆菌质粒DNA提取方法的优选

采用酚/氯仿少量提取法、异丙醇沉淀法、简便快速的煮沸法以及微波炉法提取细菌质粒,然后分别对各种方法所提取的质粒进行琼脂凝胶电泳分析,并用紫外分光光度计测定其OD值,对各种方法的优劣性进行全面分析,结果表明异丙醇提取法所提取的质粒DNA纯度和产量高(其DNA片段荧光较强,具有清晰的亮带,OD260/OD280约为1.77,DNA样品浓度约为195μg/mL),且重复性好,具有结果稳定的特点,达到了分子生物学试验要求,适合大多数试验室使用。     

不同质粒在大肠杆菌宿主细胞中的不稳定性研究

对几种不同的质粒在相同宿主中的稳定性进行检测,结果表明,在非选择压力下,４种不同的质粒在大肠 杆菌宿主细中的稳定性有明显的差异,其中,ＰＵＣＧ４１８最稳定,该质粒失去的速率仅为０．５％;     

猪瘟病毒荧光定量PCR标准阳性模板的构建

设计扩增猪瘟病毒(swine fever virus,SFV)核酸5’端非翻译区的引物,采用RT-PCR方法克隆目的片段并插入PMD一18 simple T质粒,重组质粒转化大肠杆菌DH5a感受态细胞,提取质粒经PCR和序列测定证实为阳性重组质粒,命名为pSF。将构建的pSF作为标准阳性模板进行荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)检测表明,此模板在一20℃保存6个月对结果无显著影响;对于1×10 9,1×10 7,1×10 5拷贝／2μL 的pSF用FQ-PCR方法测定的ct值最大变异系数分别为1．55％;使用该模板建立的定量范围为1×10 2—1×10 11拷贝／2 μL ;构建的阳性重组质粒pSF具有良好的稳定性和特异性。该方法可以用于临床诊断。     

导入外源GRF基因质粒对犊牛生长性能的影响

为了研究导入GRF基因质粒对犊牛生长性能的影响,选取36头体重为约102kg西门塔尔杂交牛,随机分成四组每组9头,分别注射含有0mg,3.37mg,6.74mg,10.11mg质粒的5ml生理盐水。在试验过程中,定期进行增重,饲料采食量和生长激素水平的测定。试验结果表明,各处理组均在一定程度上提高了动物的日增重和饲料转化率,其中6.74mg处理组效果最好,日增重比对照组高出17.33%(P<0.01),饲料转化率提高18.05%(P<0.01)。屠宰后进行组织质粒残留检测,未发现有残留。     

Gene Expression in Black Tiger Prawns Following Intramuscular Injection of β-gal Plasmid

Gene expression in black tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) was studied following intra-muscular injection of CMVGal plasmid into the second abdominal segment. We used an in situ staining technique to detect -gal expression in one- and three-month-old injected prawns. We found that only one of the three-month-old prawns expressed the marker gene (2 days after injection), and the site of expression was confined to the sixth abdominal segment away from the injection site. We repeated the experiment on a new batch of three-month-old prawns, but using fluorometric determination technique. This time we found that -gal expression was detected (6/42) at the site of injection after 2, 7, and 14 days. In two other test samples, transgene expression was detected in the sixth abdominal segment only, further confirming the possibility of injected DNA dispersal. The results of the study also suggest that direct gene transfer is a feasible technique in black tiger prawns.     

Functional Metagenomics to Mine Soil Microbiome for Novel Cadmium Resistance Genetic Determinants

Metal resistance genes are valuable resources for genetic engineering of bioremediation tools. In this study, novel genetic determinants involved in cadmium (Cd) resistance were identified using a small-insert metagenomic DNA library constructed from an arable soil microbiome. A total of 16 recombinant plasmids harboring 49 putative open reading frames (ORFs) were found to be associated with enhanced Cd tolerance. In addition to several ORFs for ion transport/chelation and stress response, most ORFs were assumed to be associated with non-direct metal resistance mechanisms such as energy metabolism, protein/amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate/fatty acid metabolism, and signal transduction. Furthermore, 13 ORFs from five clones selected at random were cloned and subject to Cd resistance assay. Eight of these ORFs were positive for Cd resistance when expressed in Escherichia coli, among which four ORFs significantly reduced Cd accumulation and one increased Cd enrichment of the host cells. Notably, C1-ORF1, potentially encoding a histidine kinase-like adenosine triphosphatase, was the most effective Cd resistance determinant and reduced host Cd accumulation by 33.9%. These findings highlight the vast capacity of soil microbiome as a source of gene pool for bioengineering. The novel genetic determinants for Cd resistance identified in this study merit further systematic explorations into their molecular mechanisms.     

地衣芽胞杆菌HS10原生质电转化体系的研究

地衣芽胞杆菌Bacillus licheniformis HS10及其粗蛋白对多种病原真菌具有防治效果,为挖掘其生防功能基因,本研究通过对原生质体的制备、再生培养基、渗透压稳定剂、电击参数等试验条件进行优化,建立了地衣芽胞杆菌HS10原生质体电转化法。结果表明最佳转化条件为:转接培养10h达到对数生长后期的菌体,浓缩4倍后,利用终浓度1mg/mL的溶菌酶,于37℃、150r/min酶解20min,酶解效率达到99.34%,1×SMM洗涤3次,调整菌浓度至1.0×108 cfu/mL,并通过1.6kV、5ms的电击后,迅速在SMMP溶液中100r/min、37℃恢复6~10h,涂布于含Kan和Erm的再生培养基DM3平板。将该方法用于突变体库构建的质粒pMarA(8 253bp)和基因敲除质粒pMADΔCP(13 043bp)的大片段质粒转化,分别获得了37cfu/μg DNA和10cfu/μg DNA阳性转化子。该遗传转化体系为地衣芽胞杆菌HS10中相关基因功能的研究提供了技术支撑。