瘤胃总甲烷菌实时荧光定量PCR方法的构建

试验构建了瘤胃总甲烷菌实时荧光绝对定量PCR的标准品及标准曲线用于总甲烷菌的定量测定,并提取瘤胃微生物总DNA, 以甲烷菌特异性引物进行PCR扩增, 回收纯化PCR产物,与pBS-T载体连接并转化到大肠杆菌,再用氨苄西林培养基筛选阳性重组质粒, 提取含目的片段质粒DNA, 通过PCR及测序鉴定重组质粒.根据OD值确定浓度, 将梯度稀释的质粒作为模板, 进行荧光定量PCR反应并作出标准曲线.结果表明: 所构建的标准曲线具有很高的相关性(R2=0.992), 并获得了高扩增效率产物.     

猪链球菌2型srtA基因缺失菌株的构建及生物学特性

扩增了srtA基因的上、下游同源臂P1和P2及其全长序列,利用温度敏感型"自杀性"质粒pSET4s构建了重组质粒pSET4s-P1-P2,并将该质粒电转化入野生菌株SS2(SC21)中,通过抗生素和温度双重筛选,得到srtA基因缺失菌株,命名SC211.同时,将srtA基因定向插入穿梭质粒pAT18,构建穿梭质粒pAT18-srtA,并将该质粒电转入srtA基因缺失菌株SC211中,通过抗生素筛选,得到质粒介导的srtA基因互补菌株SC212.通过PCR、South-ern blotting等对缺失突变菌株和互补菌株进行了鉴定.对基因缺失突变菌株和回复菌株传代培养遗传稳定性试验结果显示,缺失突变菌株和互补菌株能够稳定遗传.比较了基因缺失突变菌株、互补菌株及野生菌株的生长特性、溶血活性、细胞粘附特性,结果表明,3个菌株的生长速度、溶血活性没有明显差异.基因缺失后SS2对Hep2细胞的粘附能力明显下降,只有野毒菌株的49%,互补菌株粘附能力几乎达到野毒菌株的水平,是野毒菌株的89%.CD1小鼠毒力试验结果显示,srtA基因缺失株SC211的LD_(50)(4.93×10~7)约为野毒菌株SC21的LD_(50)(8.21×10~6)的6倍,质粒介导的互补菌株SC212的LD_(50)(1.43×10~7)是野生菌株SC21的1.7倍,接近野毒菌株的水平,说明srtA基因缺失后SS2毒力显著下降.     

Ri质粒诱导药用植物毛状根技术及应用

毛状根是产生植物次生代谢产物的重要生物反应器。本文简述了发根农杆菌Ri质粒诱导植物产生毛状根的基本原理与方法及影响因子,对毛状根培养次生代谢物在药用植物上的应用作了概述,并提出其产业化前景、存在的问题。     

一株鸭致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药分析

对江西省樟树市某鸭养殖场送检的病死鸭进行病理剖检,通过细菌分离、生化鉴定得到1株致病性大肠杆菌。药敏试验结果表明,该菌株对头孢拉定、头孢唑啉、头孢曲松和阿莫西林等β-内酰胺类抗生素产生了严重的耐药。通过质粒提取和接合转移试验对分离菌株进行耐药性分析;提取得到一10 kb左右的质粒;质粒接合转移试验表明,成功将该质粒转化入感受态E.coli JM109,并能使E.coli JM109获得对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药且与分离菌株的耐药谱一致。推测该菌株产β-内酰胺酶的基因存在于质粒,并且该耐药基因能随质粒的转移转化入敏感菌E.coli JM109。     

重组猪囊尾蚴热休克蛋白35．6真核质粒的构建及鉴定

为了构建猪囊尾蚴（Cysticercuscellulosae）热休克蛋白的真核表达载体,试验利用PCR技术扩增HSP35．6的基因,将其与增强型绿色荧光蛋白的基因先后连接到pVAXI真核表达载体上,得到pVAXI—HSP35．6-EGFP的重组质粒,经酶切及测序鉴定正确。采用脂质体介导的DNA转染法,将阳性重组质粒转染Vero细胞。转染48h后荧光显微镜下观察到明亮的绿色荧光,说明融合基因可在Vero细胞中高效表达。本研究为进一步研究该蛋白生物学功能奠定了基础。     

Plasmid‐mediated antimicrobial resistance in motile aeromonads from diseased Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

For the sustainable farming of tilapia, proper maintenance of their health and adequate treatment for infections at appropriate time are inevitable. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in aquaculture, as a part of treatment and as growth promoters, accelerates antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the fish pathogens. In the present study, we have isolated diverse aeromonads from Nile tilapia and studied their antibiogram and plasmid profiling. Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas dhakensis, Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas jandaei and Aeromonas aquatica were isolated from infected tilapia (n = 150), and their Shannon wiener diversity index was calculated as 1.926. A. veronii was found to be the most multiple antibiotic‐resistant pathogen with the MAR index of 0.46, and A. aquatica was noticed as the least resistant isolate. The minimum inhibitory concentration of resistant antibiotics was shown as >256 mcg/ml for most of the isolates. The virulent genes such as aerolysin and hemolysin were identified in all the isolates except A. aquatica. The detection of class 1 integrons, plasmid profiling and plasmid curing studies confirmed that AMR exhibited by most of the Aeromonas species is of plasmid mediated. This challenges the risk of wide spread of AMR among the pathogens and subsequent treatment of the infection.     

山羊PHGPx基因干扰质粒构建及其抑制效应评价

为了构建高效的靶向山羊PHGPx基因的干扰质粒,并在山羊共培养生精细胞中验证其抑制效应,利用Am-bion在线软件设计4对针对山羊PHGPx有潜在干扰效果的siRNA,体外退火后形成具有发夹结构的shRNA,将其与线性化的pGPU6/GFP/Neo载体相连形成质粒,然后经Pst I和BamH I酶切和测序鉴定;利用脂质体将其转染到体外共培养生精细胞中,用RT-PCR和Western印迹方法检测其PHGPx基因的抑制效应。结果表明:经Pst I和BamH I酶切和测序确定了150、182、214和248共4种pGPU6/GFP/Neo-PHGPx-shRNA的阳性克隆质粒;Lipo-fectamine 2000TM脂质体瞬时转染的共培养生精细胞的Real-time PCR结果表明,pGPU6/GFP/Neo-PHGPx-150、214和248质粒能够显著降低共培养细胞PHGPx mRNA的表达,蛋白免疫印迹结果图像分析免疫条带的平均光密度结果表明,pGPU6/GFP/Neo-PHGPx-214质粒极显著降低了共培养生精细胞PHGPx蛋白表达(P<0.01)。pG-PU6/GFP/Neo-PHGPx-shRNA质粒载体构建成功,pGPU6/GFP/Neo-PHGPx-214质粒瞬时转染共培养生精细胞后可以明显抑制PHGPx基因表达,可用于进一步PHGPx基因功能的研究。     

枯草杆菌B034拮抗物质及其内源质粒的研究

 枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) B034是从水稻叶面分离的植物病原细菌拮抗菌,对水稻白叶枯病菌,水稻细条病菌有较强的抑制作用。(NH₄)₂SO₄饱和沉淀粗提液经Sephadex G-100柱层析所得的3个洗脱吸收峰中有两峰具较强的抑菌活性。此拮抗物抗热,对胰蛋白酶敏感,对蛋白酶K、E部分敏感。B034菌株内含有一稳定的大小约8kb的内源质粒。质粒消除后,其拮抗活性也随之消失。用穿梭质粒pMK4的XL1-Blue中对其EcoR Ⅰ酶切4片段分别进行了克隆,并转化到无拮抗活性的Bacillus DB104中,片段Ⅱ+Ⅲ显示了部分的拮抗活性。     

质粒DNA拓扑学结构对基因疫苗生物学特性的影响

利用不同拓扑学结构的质粒 ,分别转化 E.coli感受态细胞、转染 SK6 - 6细胞和免疫小鼠 ,比较了不同拓扑学结构质粒对转化效率、转染率和对免疫应答水平的影响。结果显示 ,超螺旋占 5 0 %比例的猪瘟病毒 E2基因表达质粒p CDSW转化 E.coli感受态细胞的效率比开环的 p CDSW高 8倍 ,超螺旋比例占 80 %的 p VAXE2 IL- 2质粒比酶切线性化质粒转化率高 2 2倍 ;以荧光蛋白基因为报告基因 ,超螺旋比例占 80 %的荧光蛋白真核表达质粒转染真核细胞的效率是线性化质粒的 12倍 ;以猪瘟病毒主要保护性抗原 E2基因表达质粒 ,分别制备成超螺旋和开环形式占优势的质粒 ,免疫昆明鼠 ,抗体检测结果显示 ,超螺旋比例高的基因疫苗免疫效果明显好于开环质粒的基因疫苗     

Eucalyptus occidentalis plantlets are naturally infected by pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens

In the Sidi M’djahed nursery (Algeria), over 60,000 eucalyptus (Eucalyptus occidentalis) plantlets exhibited tumour-like growths localized at the crown of the plants that resembled crown galls caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Bacteria colonizing the galls were isolated and purified. Most (22 out of 24) of the isolates had cultural and biochemical characteristics similar to those of strains of the biovar 1 of A. tumefaciens. Twenty out of 22 Agrobacterium isolates induced tumour formation on various test plants. In PCR experiments, DNA extracted from these virulent strains yielded an amplification signal corresponding to a 247-bp fragment located within the virulence region of nopaline type Ti plasmid. Consistent with this, the opine nopaline was detected in the tumours induced on test plants – but not on eucalyptus plants. Nopaline was degraded by the 20 pathogenic isolates that were also sensitive to agrocin 84, indicating the presence of a nopaline-type pTi in these strains. The chromosomal region encoding the 16S rRNA was analyzed in a sub-population of the pathogenic agrobacterial isolates. The analyzed strains were found to belong to the ribogroup of the reference strain B6. Interestingly, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus cladocalyx grown in the same nursery and in the same soil substrate developed no galls.