章古台地区不同密度樟子松人工林衰退情况分析

针对科尔沁沙地东南缘章古台地区的樟子松引种固沙林出现大面积衰退,甚至死亡现象,在该地区樟子松林中选择不同密度的样地进行调查分析。结果表明:樟子松的衰退与林分密度呈正相关;林木的胸径随林分密度的增加而减小,林木的枯死株数、枯梢病感病指数随密度的增加而增加。综合来看,章古台地区樟子松初植密度应控制在1700株hm^-2以下,并应根据生长情况对林木进行疏伐作业,在近熟龄之前将林分密度降至700株hm^-2左右比较适宜。     

Interrelations of vegetal cover,silicophytolith content and pedogenesis of Typical Argiudolls of the Pampean Plain,Argentina

Knowledge of the origin, evolution and weathering of Pampean soils is still limited. There are few prior studies of silicophytoliths, even though they could be important pedogenetic indicators that provide information about the role of amorphous silica in the reestablishment of soil structure. The aim of this work is to determine the silicophytolith content in Typical Argiudolls of the Pampean Plain, Argentina, its relation with vegetal cover and its effect on pedogenesis. We worked in three plots with different vegetal cover: grasses and shelter-belt plantations of Acacia melanoxylon – Celtis tala and Eucalyptus globulus – Celtis tala. In the study area, morphological characterization and particle size distribution analysis of soils were completed, and pH and organic matter content were determined. The heavy liquid separation was realized with sodium polytungstate (δ = 2.3 g/cm³) and an average of around 500 mineral grains were counted under optical microscope for the quali-quantitative analysis. There were no differences between profiles with respect to their morphological properties, organic matter content and particle size distribution, except for the higher organic horizon development of the forest plots as compared with the grass plot. The silicophytolith content was higher in the forest plots than in the grass one; within each profile, this fraction content decreased from the surface (63–40%) to the subsurface levels (23–5%) of soils. This decrease parallels the pieces of amorphous silica (< 7.5 μm) distribution in all plots analyzed. Afforestation over the past 50 years does not affect either the morphological or the physico-chemical properties of soils. These forest species, through the organic horizons, preserve soil conditions, which insures a higher representativity of silicophytoliths in comparison with the grass plot.     

Effects of green pruning on growth and stem shape of Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden

An experiment was established in two high quality Eucalyptus nitens Deane and Maiden (Maiden) plantations in Tasmania. At the start of the experiment the trees were three years old and the plantations were on the point of canopy closure. Selected trees were pruned to remove 0, 50% or 70% of the lower green crown length, and each was surrounded by eight unpruned trees. The 50% treatment had no impact on height or diameter increment in the two years following treatment, but removal of 70% of the lower crown length resulted in significant decreases in both height and diameter increment. There were no changes in the height of 50%-pruned trees relative to the height of surrounding unpruned trees (relative height), and it was concluded that dominance would not be affected by this treatment. The relative height of 70%-pruned trees was less at one site, and this treatment may result in loss of dominance. Stem taper was generally unaffected by either pruning treatment. Changes in stem form were restricted to trees in the 70% pruning treatment and were only transient. It was concluded that removal of 50% of the lower green crown length is an appropriate level of pruning for the species provided that growth rates are rapid and pruning is timed to coincide with canopy closure. Since dominance was unaffected by this level of pruning, thinning at the time of pruning is unnecessary. It may be possible to minimise the impact on growth of higher levels of pruning by thinning at the time of pruning.     

福建省杉木人工林材性产区效应的研究 Ⅱ.木材力学性质

通过对福建省不同产区杉木人工林木材力学性质的测定和分析, 结果表明： 杉木人工林木材力学性质的产区间效应大于产区内效应, 产区间木材力学性质差异极显著, 产区内除端面硬度和径面硬度外的其它力学强度指标差异不显著; 一般产区杉木人工林木材各项力学强度较中心产区和边缘产区的稍高, 中心产区和边缘产区的杉木人工林木材各项力学强度相近     

Changes in soil properties related to conversion of savannah woodland into pine and eucalyptus plantations,Northern Nigeria

Soil properties associated with six age-grade plantations of Pinus oocarpa Schiede and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., respectively, including nearby natural vegetation, were compared in the savannah zone of Nigeria. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen and exchangeable nutrients first show declining values with the increasing age of the plantation, then an increase and finally steady or declining values in the 0–15 cm soil depth. Usually the differences between the two youngest plantations and the oldest plantations, and the natural vegetation, were significant. In the 20–30 cm soil depth the properties showed a decrease or steady values over time, with the three oldest plantations showing significant differences from the natural vegetation. The soil pH showed an increased acidity over time. There was little difference in the soil properties between the two tree species. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to sustaining productivity and soil fertility. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

洞庭湖区杨树人工林土壤微生物、酶活性特征研究

对洞庭湖区杨树人工林不同间种模式、不同龄林的土壤微生物及酶活性进行了研究。结果表明：(1)林下间种能促进林木生长,与未间种林木生长比较,胸径大小呈显著性差异,树高呈极显著性差异。(2)相同龄林不同间种模式土壤微生物数量依次为间种白菜>间种南瓜>未间种,间作套种能促进土壤微生物数量增加;不同龄林中土壤微生物数量2年生林、8年生林相对较大,4年生林较少;芦苇地微生物数量最大,与其它林地存在显著性差异。(3)不同林地类型土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性变化范围分别为3.39～6.06 mg.g_-1,0.81～1.83mg.g_-1,2.18～2.26 mg.g_-1。土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性差异不显著,过氧化氢酶活性4年生林、芦苇地最少,与间种白菜达到显著性差异。林下间种白菜和8年生林土壤酶活性最活跃。(4)杨树林土壤真菌与细菌、放线菌呈显著性相关。土壤脲酶与蔗糖酶呈极显著性正相关,与过氧化氢酶呈极显著性负相关。脲酶、蔗糖酶均与真菌、细菌、放线菌呈正相关,过氧化氢酶与真菌、细菌、放线菌呈负相关。     

整地对桉树人工林生态效益的影响

为了探讨整地方式对桉树林分生长和林地生态效益的影响,在3种整地方式下的尾巨桉林地分别设置样地和样方进行调查分析,结果表明：机械带垦和炼山全垦的尾巨桉林分生长均较人工穴垦快,炼山全垦的尾巨桉林下植被生物多样性最差,机械带垦的林地土壤有机碳含量最大,炼山全垦林地表层(0~40 cm)土壤含水量最高,人工穴垦林地深层(40~80 cm)土壤含水量最高。     

微信公众平台在海南民营橡胶科技推广中的应用现状和推广建议

回顾橡胶远程科技服务平台的发展历程,介绍热农橡胶科技服务中心微信公众平台的组织构架,分析其在橡胶科技推广中的优势及在海南植胶区推广中存在的问题,从不同主体出发,提出将微信公众平台应用于海南民营橡胶科技推广中的对策建议。     

克拉玛依人工杨树(Populus)林碳汇功能研究

近年来,我国人工林面积不断增加,人工林在我国陆地森林生态系统碳收支中的作用越来越大。以克拉玛依人工杨树林和荒漠灌木林为研究对象,通过样地调查,对生物量及碳储量、碳密度、碳汇功能等进行了估算。通过实测数据及模型分析,得出以下基本结论:1该人工杨树林单位面积生物量平均为51.30 t·hm-2;碳密度平均为24.59 t·hm-2,碳储量为73 715.41 t,说明其发挥着一定的碳汇作用。2与荒漠环境下灌木林对比结果表明,克拉玛依人工杨树林单位面积生物量增加了50.56 t·hm-2,碳密度增加了24.26 t·hm-2,碳储量增加了72 726.14 t,表明在干旱区荒漠环境下通过造林来增加区域陆地植被碳汇,进而达到碳减排的目的是可行的。