河流游憩规划的基本问题探讨

在对河流游憩概念认识、发展背景和研究进展进行分析的基础上,从资源保护的视角出发,对河流游憩规划的本质和国外规划实践中所面临的基本问题及其解决方法进行深入探讨,认为游憩利用和保护的关系协调、游憩和其他河流利用的关系协调、游憩利用本身所面临的问题是河流游憩规划需要解决的基本问题,得出保护性利用是河流游憩规划主旋律的结论。     

国内外森林资源规划与模拟研究综述

森林资源规划的目的是设计在一段时间内和在一定空间中的积极干预,通过权衡具有不同社会功能的森林价值,使得在某一特定区域的特定功能价值最大化。文中在查阅国内外森林资源规划研究的基础上,系统分析了国内外森林资源规划系统及模拟核心内容。森林资源规划系统越来越受到国内外专业森林经营管理机构的青睐,专业化森林规划软件在推动森林生态服务价值模型建立、林分空间优化、复杂约束条件和目标分析中起到了积极的作用。在全球气候变化大背景下,未来农田与森林将被作为一个有机整体,开发多尺度、多数据复合的森林规划平台。     

Impacts of water resource planning on regional water consumption pattern: A case study in Dunhuang Oasis,China

Water resources are critical for the existence and development of oases in endorheic basins. Thus, to enable sustainable development, it is fundamentally important to understand how to allocate and use these resources in a reasonable way. We therefore simulated and analyzed changes in water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis of China under three scenarios using a system dynamic model that corresponds to different water consumption pattern. This was done to assess the impacts of regional water resource planning (comprehensive planning of the rational use of water resource and protection of ecosystem services in the Dunhuang Basin) on water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis. The first of these, Scenario 1, is a baseline in which the status quo is maintained, while Scenario 2 incorporates the comprehensive effects of agricultural water-saving irrigation measures with an inter-basin water diversion project, and Scenario 3 focuses on ecological rehabilitation. In the baseline Scenario 1, the total water consumption within the Dunhuang Oasis increased progressively while agricultural water consumption remained extremely high and threatened overall ecological security. In contrast, Scenario 2 would decrease agricultural water consumption by almost 5.30×10⁷ m³ following the implementation of water-saving practices. The additional water allocated from an inter-basin water diversion project would play an important role in alleviating ecological strain on the oasis. Finally, in Scenario 3, the total irrigated land must be decreased to 20.6×10³ hm² by 2025 assuming that water supply for ecosystem restoration would be at least 50% of the total consumption. Although water resource planning plays a very important role in alleviating the ecological water crisis within the oasis, it is necessary to consider the suitable scale of oasis with regard to current water consumption pattern.     

Allergenic pollen of ornamental plane trees in a Mediterranean environment and urban planning as a prevention tool

Green spaces and urban green infrastructure are new concepts in urban planning, and lately, the influence of green spaces in cities and how this presence affects local climate change have been taken into account. Moreover, some of the ornamental trees most used in cities provoke allergic symptoms in sensitized people. Due to the importance the plane trees in our parks and cities have as ornamental trees, this article assesses the urban Platanus airborne pollen concentration in the air of five cities of the SW Iberian Peninsula and tries to determine the differential factors that its distribution has by means of combining continuous monitoring of the air using volumetric spore traps and the geolocation of plane trees. They were counted separately according to the direction (Q1 NE, Q2 SE, Q3 SW, Q4 NW) around the spore trap location in circles of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 m in diameter. Pollen sums were distributed according to the predominant wind direction for each day. The highest concentrations for Platanus pollen were recorded in Don Benito. Differences amongst pollen stations were found and were mainly related to their degree of maturity and their proximity to spore traps, and finally, with the number of plane trees. Furthermore, other factors, as the pruning, which is different in each city and even in a more local way, affects pollination and is frequently unknown to aerobiological studies. The geolocation of ornamental trees can be a useful tool for providing summarized information about their behavioral differences amongst cities, which can be used to create healthy itineraries, minimizing the natural hazards in human health (allergic diseases) and could be implemented into a model to help policy-makers to create measures to improve green urban development.     

智能轨迹控制割草机器人设计——基于FPGA神经网络

为了提高割草机器人自主导航和定位的精确性和智能性,设计了一种新型的基于FPGA神经网络算法的割草机器人。该设计采用FPGA可重构技术,以3层误差反向传播神经网络作为典型的模型来展开;利用成熟的BP算法公式,设计了割草机器人智能控制的模型;利用FPGA技术,设计了割草机器人的硬件系统;最后采用文本输入的设计方法,利用田间试验的方式,对机器人的轨迹规划能力和控制精度进行了验证。试验结果表明:利用FPGA和神经网络模型可以有效地穿越5个障碍物,并可得到满意的轨迹规划结果。将普通的PID控制器和神经网络PID控制器得到的控制结果误差进行了对比,结果表明:神经网络PID控制器得到的割草机器人控制误差明显比传统的PID控制器误差小。该方法为神经网络的硬件实现提供了可靠的理论基础。     

基于DSP与超声波测距的农业机器人定位与避障控制

随着新兴电子集成技术和自动化技术的发展,控制系统已逐渐向数字化转变,高集成芯片广泛应用于自动化控制领域,体积小、运算能力强的嵌入式系统慢慢开始取代计算机。为此,首先分析了超声波测距功能及其优越性,采用三球定位技术,设计研究了一种基于DSP和超声波的全局定位系统;然后,采用多路超声波收发模块设计了基于超声波的自主避障控制系统,并提出一种新的模糊推理方法,实现机器人的避障和路径规划功能;最后,采用Visual C++可视化程序设计软件对避障系统进行仿真和场地试验,验证了系统的可靠性和可行性,为机器人的研究和发展提供了更加宽广的空间。     

内黄林场优势树种龄级结构优化调整及评价

龄级结构是反映林分结构是否合理的主要方面,而建立森林收获调整模型是对龄级结构优化调整的重要途径。以河南省内黄林场优势树种杨树和刺槐为研究对象,基于林场2018年森林资源二类调查数据,利用线性规划和目标规划方法对林场优势树种龄级结构进行优化调整,并采用欧氏距离和平衡率对调整结构进行评价。结果表明:在调整期末各龄级面积分布均衡,2个树种龄级结构的平衡率均达到0.96,欧式距离缩小至85%以上,其中刺槐缩小达100%,接近法正状态;优势树种杨树和刺槐调整期内出材量分别达68 059.3m^3和15 358.4m^3,期末蓄积量分别占初期的127.6%和46.5%;优势树种杨树和刺槐碳储量期末分别达到26 797.4t和4 415.4t,分别占初期的111.3%和85%。     

以生态文化引领美丽乡村景观规划——以许家崖流域连片村庄规划建设为例

文章论述了乡村生态文化的概念和内涵,并以山东省费县许家崖流域19个连片村落美丽乡村建设为例,分析了许家崖流域乡村生态文化的资源类型和存在的问题;在此基础上,从完善生态文化结构入手研究美丽乡村景观规划和建设实践,以推动乡村振兴战略的实施.     

综合国土整治规划环境友好型土地利用影响评价——以重庆市璧山县大路镇为例

以重庆市璧山县大路镇综合国土整治规划(2008—2020)为研究对象,从农用地、建设用地、未利用地三大地类出发,构建了综合国土整治规划区环境友好型土地利用评价指标体系并实证评价了综合国土整治规划对环境友好型土地利用的影响。研究表明:(1)构建的环境友好型土地利用评价指标体系,基本可以较完整地表征综合整治前后规划区环境友好型土地利用的状态和水平。(2)整治后规划区三大地类的土地利用环境友好评价指数都将得到提高。2008—2020年,农用地利用环境友好综合指数将从0.191 6上升到0.247 0,建设用地利用环境友好综合指数将从0.265 3上升到0.443 3,未利用地利用环境友好综合指数将从0.042 2上升到0.086 6。(3)规划区综合国土整治后土地利用环境友好综合评价指数将从2008年的0.498 9预计达到2020年的0.776 8,增幅为55.7%,土地利用环境友好状态将从整治前的较低状态上升到整治后的较高状态。由此可见,综合国土整治是提高区域土地利用环境友好状况的重要途径,符合土地合理利用和土地可持续的理念。     

矮化密植果园多臂采摘机器人任务规划

为提高矮化密植果园多机械臂采摘机器人的协同作业效率,该研究对存在重叠访问域的多臂协同采摘机器人任务规划进行分析,将多臂协同任务规划问题归纳为异步重叠访问域的多旅行商问题,给出了基于遗传算法的优化求解方法.试验结果表明:该研究所提任务规划算法在求解4个机械臂采摘43和90颗果实的任务规划问题时,分别在500和2000次迭...