农机安全管理体制的变革和构想

结合《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》有关规定和黑龙江省农机安全管理的实践,总结了农机安全管理体制焦点问题和体制的变革,并对实施道路交通安全法提出设想和建议。     

农机监理计算机管理系统维护案例分析

对使用Windows 2000 Server操作系统，以及MS SQL Server数据库的农机监理计算机管理系统的维护，进行了较为详细的分析，并针对不同的情况提出了相应的处理措施，总结了保证农机监理系统可靠运行的办法。     

甜菜不同种植方式的研究

通过试验明确了覆膜移栽纸筒苗栽培方法具有覆盖地膜和育苗移栽双重效应，促进甜菜早发棵，早封垄。提早进入叶丛快速生长期和块根糖分积累期；改善了甜菜光合性能，增加了光合势、净光合率和光合产物经济系数，比不覆膜移栽纸筒苗的增产31％，产糖量增加27．12％，投入产出比大幅度增加。     

椰糠对黄瓜穴盘苗生长发育的影响

将草炭、椰糠、蛭石按不同比例配制育苗基质,探讨椰糠对黄瓜秧苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,椰糠具有较好的保水性,酸碱度适合于作为穴盘育苗基质,出苗情况较好,秧苗质量高,证明椰糠是一种良好的园艺栽培基质。     

罗汉果生产技术研究的思路与发展对策

探讨了罗汉果生产技术研究思路，提出选育、引进优良品种，培育茎尖脱毒壮苗，建立种薯基地，采用容器无土栽培、平地栽培、设施栽培，施用天敌真菌、接种VA菌根真菌防治根结线虫等技术建议。     

模糊隶属法对玉米苗期耐旱性的拟合分析

在略高于玉米萎蔫系数的干旱条件下,以出苗率和生物学产量耐旱系数之乘积为指标,测定了17个玉米自交系和10个杂交种的苗期抗旱性。并用模糊隶属法,以干旱胁迫下的胚芽鞘长度,出苗率,根重,生物学产量,脯氨酸含量,电导率和离体叶片保水力等指标对各品种耐旱性进行了拟合分析。结果表明,在略高于萎蔫系数的干旱条件下,以出苗率和生物学产量的耐旱系数之乘积为指标,可以准确鉴定玉米苗期的耐旱性,与耐旱性的综合评价拟合良好(相关系数r=0.914)。     

Suppression of wheat-seedling diseases caused by Fusarium culmorum and Microdochium nivale using bacterial seed treatment

Snow mould, caused by Microdochium nivale , and seedling blight caused by members of the Fusarium complex, are cereal diseases of great economic importance in many temperate zones. In a glasshouse bioassay designed to enhance disease, about 600 plant-associated bacterial isolates obtained by different methods were screened for suppressive effects in wheat against infection caused by Fusarium culmorum . Although most of the isolates tested had a neutral effect on test plants and disease development, a few were synergistic to the pathogen and about one-fifth showed > 80% disease suppression. During five consecutive growing seasons, 164 bacterial isolates were tested in field experiments against both F. culmorum and M. nivale as causal agents of seedling blight. Tests for effects on yield in experiments with spring and winter wheat, performed in different climatic regions of Sweden, showed that disease-suppressive effects were repeatable. The most efficient isolates, three fluorescent pseudomonads and a species of Pantoea , suppressed disease equal to that of the fungicide guazatine, both with respect to crop stand and yield. Seed treatment with Pantoea sp. (isolate MF 626) increased yield by an average of more than 500 kg ha⁻¹ in six field experiments.     

低温胁迫下弓葵幼苗膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的变化

 低温胁迫下弓葵( Butia capitata Becc) 幼苗叶片的MDA 含量逐渐增加, 膜脂过氧化作用增强。- 8 ℃条件下的膜脂过氧化作用明显强于2 ℃。细胞膜透性在2 ℃条件下变化不大, - 8 ℃时则随低温胁迫时间延长而急剧上升, 细胞膜受到伤害。- 8 ℃胁迫下细胞保护酶SOD、POD 和CAT 活性短期(6 h) 内升高,然后下降, 24 h 以后3 种保护酶受到低温胁迫的严重抑制。在2 ℃胁迫下, SOD 活性在6 h 内变化不大, 随后下降; CAT活性变化趋势与- 8 ℃时相似, 但变化幅度较小; POD 虽也呈现先升后降的趋势, 但降幅明显小于升幅, 至48 h 时POD 活性仍维持较高水平。2 ℃低温胁迫不是抑制而是促进POD 活性的提高。     

烯效唑浸种对黄瓜的壮苗效应

研究不同浓度烯效唑浸种对黄瓜幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,烯效唑可抑制黄瓜幼苗徒长,使株高降低,比叶重增加,根冠比和壮苗指数增大,叶绿素含量增加,根系活性增强,在形态上和生理上表现出显著的壮苗效应;烯效唑对黄瓜有极显著的增产作用,以20 mg·kg-1处理最佳,促进增产的主要原因是提高了单株结瓜数。     

Aerial seed germination and morphological characteristics of juvenile seedlings in Commelina benghalensis L.

Seed germination, seedling emergence, and the morphological characteristics of juvenile seedlings of Commelina benghalensis L. were observed. For aerial seeds collected in September and October, seedling emergence peaked in April and June for large seeds and from June to August for small seeds, whereas seedling emergence for large seeds collected in November showed peaks in March and April under natural rainfall conditions, and in April and June under irrigation conditions. Seedlings from small seeds emerged intermittently over a longer period from April to August under both conditions. Aerial seeds of C. benghalensis germinated on wet filter paper on the second day after seeding (DAS) for large seeds and the fourth DAS for small seeds. The germination percentage for large seeds was higher than that for small seeds by the 14th DAS. The germination percentage for large aerial seeds showed no significant difference between light and dark conditions. However, the percentage for small aerial seeds was higher under light than under dark conditions. Seedlings from large aerial seeds emerged on the third DAS at 0–50 mm soil depths. The percentage of emergence at 0 and 1 mm soil depths increased until the 30th DAS, whereas those at soil depths of 5–50 mm showed no change after the 9th DAS. There was no emergence at a soil depth of 100 mm. Seedlings from small aerial seeds emerged on the 6th DAS at 0–1 mm soil depths, with the percentage increasing until the 30th DAS. Although seedlings at 5 and 10 mm soil depths also emerged on the 6th DAS, there was no change in the percentage after the 12th DAS. There was no emergence at soil depths of 20–100 mm. The hypocotyl and taenia (part of the cotyledon connected to the seed) in juvenile seedlings that emerged from soil depths of 50 mm were longer than those in seedlings emerging from a soil depth of 1 mm.