雷竹竹鞭侧芽分化过程中内源激素的变化

在竹鞭侧芽分化过程中，脱落酸仅在秋末冬初已分化的侧芽即将进入冬季休眠前出现痕迹。赤霉酸和玉米素含量均为分化前期高，分化后期低。侧芽无论在早春、夏季还是在秋末冬初分化皆遵循这一规律。不同鞭龄的侧芽分化时，随鞭龄的增大赤霉酸呈上升趋势，玉米素则呈下降趋势。夏季分化的侧芽，上述两种激素含量均高于秋末冬初和早春分化的侧芽。吲哚乙酸含量随分化程度的加深而增加，随鞭龄和分化季节而变化，与赤霉酸含量变化相一致。     

玉米籽粒败育过程的激素变化

以典型的果穗顶端败育类型玉米杂交种为材料,对果穗中部正常籽粒与上部败育籽粒内源ABA,IAA,GAs和CTK进行测定表明：在授粉后0～8d阶段,不同类型籽粒间ABA,IAA,GAs的浓度无明显差异。在授粉后4～8d阶段败育籽粒的CTK含量显著低于正常籽粒。进一步测定乙烯释放量发现,在授粉后0～4d阶段2部位籽粒间已表现出明显的差异。结果显示,在正常与败育籽粒间内源激素的浓度变化具有一定的时序性,授粉后顶部籽粒高水平的乙烯释放可能是籽粒败育的诱导因素。     

Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights into the mechanism of pear dwarfing

Dwarfism is an important trait which is closely related to the efficiency of fruit orchard management and production. However, dwarfing cannot be widely applied in the cultivation of pears, especially Asian pears. Developing varieties with dwarf characteristics is a goal of paramount importance in pear breeding. In the present study, dwarf phenotype pears(DPPs) and arborescent phenotype pears(APPs) were obtained from the offspring of a cross between ‘Aiyuxiang’ and ‘Cuiguan’ pear cultivars, whic...     

杉木伐桩萌芽的氮素营养

在北亚热带黄棕壤上的２８年生杉木林分内，设置不同季节伐木的５个处理（秋伐、冬伐、初春伐、初夏伐和夏伐），研究它们的伐桩萌芽内氮素营养、内源激素、休眠芽萌发数及萌条生长量的差异。结果表明：前１年冬伐（１２月８日）和当年早春伐（３月８日）是最佳伐木时间，此时杉木伐桩上的萌发势最强，萌芽内氦素营养水平最高，生长量也最大。休眠芽的萌发数主要与细胞分裂素关联；而不同伐桩萌芽内氮素营养状况的差异，主要是与氮素养分在植株内的运转（特别是还原态氮向树干基部和根系的回流作用）有关。不同季节采伐，意味着在不同时期截断植株的向上运输和回流，因而得到氮素营养水平的不同结果。环割试验进一步证实了这项推论。由此可见，伐桩萌芽内的全氮量和氨基氮浓度，可以作为论证合适伐木季节和预测萌条生长量的生理指标。     

Adventitious shoot regeneration from the leaves of some pear varieties (Pyrus spp.) grown in vitro

The pear (Pyrus spp.) is one of the most important temperate fruit crops. A complete protocol for adventitious shoot regeneration was developed from the leaves of four pear varieties grown in vitro: Abbe Fetel, Yali, Packham’s Triumph and Aikansui, and the Chinese rootstock variety Duli. Shoot explants were collected from the field and cultured in vitro in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 1.0 mg·L⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). After four weeks, leaf explants of all 5 varieties grown in vitro were excised and cultured in MS media supplemented with 0.0 mg·L⁻¹, 0.2mg·L⁻¹, 0.5 mg·L⁻¹, 1.0 mg·L⁻¹ and 2.0 mg·L⁻¹ naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 5.0 mg·L⁻¹ BA or with 1.0 mg·L⁻¹, 2.0 mg·L⁻¹ and 4.0 mg·L⁻¹ thidiazuron (TDZ). The cultures were maintained in darkness for 21 days for shoot induction in the shoot induction medium (IM), then transferred to the shoot expression medium (EM) in 1.0 mg·L⁻¹ TDZ without any auxins and kept in a growth room at (25±2)°C under a 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod regime for 8 weeks. Finally, the shoots were transferred to the MS shoot elongation medium (SEM) supplemented with 0.2 mg·L⁻¹ BA, 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ IBA and 0.2 mg·L⁻¹ gibberellic acid (GA₃). A combination of TDZ and NAA had a significant effect on the number of shoot regenerations in all 5 tested varieties. The maximum mean number of shoots and maximum number of shoots per leaf obtained from Yali variety were 11.8 (P⩽0.001) and 22, followed by Aikansui with 6.6 (P⩽0.001) and 4.6, and Duli with 8 (P⩽0.001) and 12, all arising from the combination of 0.2 mg·L⁻¹ NAA with 1.0 mg·L⁻¹ TDZ. For Packham’s Triumph and Abbe Fetel, the maximum mean number of shoots and maximum number of shoots per leaf were 5.6 (P⩽0.001), 4.8 and 8 (P⩽0.001), and 11, respectively, from the combination of NAA (1.0 mg·L⁻¹) and TDZ (2.0 mg·L⁻¹). Abbe Fetel was the only variety which produced significantly higher adventitious shoots from the two different combinations of 1.0 mg·L⁻¹ NAA and 5.0 mg·L⁻¹ BA (P⩽0.05), and 2.0 mg·L⁻¹ NAA and 5.0 mg·L⁻¹ BA (P⩽0.01). Some of the most prominent problems associated with shoot proliferation and regeneration were also observed and discussed in this paper.     

植物内生菌促进宿主氮吸收与代谢研究进展

内生菌与植物共生能够提高宿主的氮吸收与氮代谢水平,这可能是由于内生菌在植物体内引发的多种效应的综合结果.植物内生菌能够通过促进植物根系发育和固氮作用为宿主植物提供更多的无机氮素;能够通过分泌多种胞外酶系如漆酶、蛋白水解酶等使宿主植物更好地利用有机氮素;能够提高宿主氮代谢关键酶如硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)等酶的活性;能够提高宿主植物激素水平和维生素含量从而促进宿主氮代谢;能够通过影响宿主植物氮代谢促进宿主植物分蘖、提高宿主植物叶绿素含量和光合速率等等.综述了国内外关于植物内生菌促进宿主氮代谢的相关报道,归纳了植物内生菌影响宿主氮素吸收与代谢的可能机制,并展望了关于植物内生菌促进宿主氮代谢机制方面的研究方向.     

利用多种植物激素组合促进橡胶籽苗接芽萌动

采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计,利用多种植物激素(IAA,GA,6-BA)不同浓度和浸泡砧木根时间的组合,研究了其对橡胶树(Heveabrasiliensis)籽苗接芽萌动的影响。通过建立模型和计算机模拟选优,研究了各项参试因子对接芽萌动速率比CK快的天数的单因子效应以及各因子间的互作效应,并初步确定了激素与处理时间的优化组合方案:IAA,GA,6-BA浓度分别为8￣25,28￣68,54￣67μg/mL,浸根时间为20￣25min;当IAA,6-BA浓度分别为19,50μg/mL,浸泡砧木根25min时,即可得处理苗木比不处理苗木提早25d。     

春石斛春化过程中生理生化的变化

将春石斛（Den.pink BeautyQueen'Den.pinkGem Elegance'）在【（22土）℃,10h/【（10土）℃,14h】（白天/晚上,下同）条件下处理,处理时间分别为∶10,20,30,40d,然后将材料置于【（23担）℃,10h】/【（18±1）℃,14h】条件下继续生长。结果表明,春石斛在30d完成春化,芽诱导率达98%,且100%为花芽;未完成春化的植株,芽诱导率低,且大部分发育成叶芽。在春化诱导前期,净光合速率增加,可溶性糖含量增加,内源激素GA。含量随处理时间延长而增加,在30d达到最大,ABA 在20d达到最高,比处理前高4倍多,表明春化促进内源激素GA和A BA的积累。     

The control of root hair formation: suggested mechanisms

Little is known about the physiological regulation of root hair development. Though the literature on the topic is fragmentary, with many gaps, it has been used to put forward some proposals for a central regulatory mechanism, taking note especially of the strong physiological influence of environmental factors on root hair formation. A hypothesis which implicates ethylene (ET) in this mechanism is proposed. This hypothesis is supported by numerous indications and observations in the literature about the effect of ET on cell wall formation and cell wall properties during the phase of root expansion and hair formation. It is assumed that environmental conditions control the effective ET concentration in epidermal hair-forming cells; they influence root development and ET production, while, through affecting the rhizosphere, they modify gas exchange at the root surface, accelerating removal of ET thereby limiting its function in hair formation. In such a way the effects of various specific factors (e.g. soil temperature, bulk density, gas exchange at the root surface or the effect of nutrients) might be manifestations of a central regulatory mechanism. The hope is that this hypothesis will stimulate further research and some suggestions are made as to the direction such research might take.