Synthesis of new amino acid-type amphoteric surfactants from tall oil fatty acid

Two new amino acid-type amphoteric surfactants — disodiumN-(2-fatty acyl amino) ethyliminodiacetate and disodiumN-(2-fatty acyl amino) ethyl-N,N-bis[3-(2-hydroxy) propylsulfonate] amine — were synthesized using tall oil fatty acids as the raw material. Suitable processing conditions for synthesizing the intermediates and final products were probed. In addition, the chemical structures of the intermediates and the final products were identified by infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.     

Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) somatic embryogenesis II. Maturation of somatic embryos and plant regeneration

Maturation of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) somatic embryos was achieved using two protocols, each starting with a different agar incubation step to deplete plant growth regulators (PGRs) used in previous cultural steps. Strength of maturation medium (single vs. double) was found important in the first protocol to develop normal, mature embryos. In the second protocol, abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations (0, 15 and 30 M) and carbohydrate sources were tested for embryo maturation. Thirty M ABA and 6% maltose were deemed the best combination. Embryo germination was accomplished in a continuously lighted environment and embryos receiving a cold pretreatment (4 °C in darkness for 16 days) germinated better than embryos which did not receive cold pretreatment. With a survival rate of 33% after acclimation in a mist system, more than 25 plants from somatic embryos have been established in a greenhouse. Incompletely germinated embryos (lacking roots) were rooted via adventitious rooting techniques and subsequently established in the greenhouse. All established plants obtained from somatic embryogenesis appear normal in morphology.     

余甘子对强致癌物N-亚硝基化合物在人体内合成的阻断作用

本文采用Ohshima的方法,以尿中N-亚硝基脯氨酸(NPRO)量为指标,研究了余甘子果汁阻断人体内N-亚硝基化合物(NNC)的合成。12名志愿者摄入L-脯氨酸500 mg和硝酸钠300 mg后,尿中NPRO的量平均为75.10 nmol,而当摄入上述两种药物的同时,分别给予同浓度的抗坏血酸和余甘子果汁后,尿中NPRO的含量则分别降为41.08 nmol和20.79nmol,且后者此本底值(25.55 nmol)还低。表明在本实验条件下,摄入含抗坏血酸75mg的余甘子果汁13ml,即能完全阻断500mg L-脯氨酸和300mg硝酸钠在人体内所引起的NPRO的合成。同时也证明,余甘子果汁能有效地阻断人体内NNC的合成。     

外界生态因子对油茶品质影响的研究

对21个地区58个油茶物种(或优良品种)进行了含油率、脂肪酸组成、碘值和粗蛋白质等化学品质的分析。通过选取14个不同地区的普通油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel)的品质与19个生态因子进行多元线性逐步回归分析,揭示了不饱和脂肪酸含量与纬度成明显的正相关;种仁蛋白质含量与8、9月份的降雨量呈负相关的趋势。品质之间的相关分析表明:不饱和脂肪酸含量与蛋白质含量存在明显的负相关关系;不同物种之间,其不饱和脂肪酸含量与果实的大小成负相关。     

低浓度SO2对油桐叶片细胞膜脂肪酸含量的影响

膜系统是细胞内光合和呼吸等生理活动的重要场所之一,SO2对光合系统的破坏首先会引起细胞膜系统的变化.气相色谱测定表明,体积分数为0.3×10-6的SO2对油桐叶片处理10d以上,会使不饱和脂肪酸含量UFA、不饱和脂肪酸指数IUFA、C18:3、C18:3/IUFA上升,使饱和脂肪酸含量、C16:1trans、C16:1trans/IUFA下降;但随着SO2熏气时间的延长,会使不饱和脂肪酸含量UFA、不饱和脂肪指数IUFA、C18:3、C18:3/IUFA下降,饱和脂肪酸含量上升,熏气111d后,处理的UFA、IUFA、C18:3、C18:3/IUFA分别是对照的94.74%、92.52%、87.87%、94.97%;处理的饱和脂肪酸、C16:1trans、C16:1/IUFA分别是对照的1.16、1.15、1.24倍.熏气112d后,会使极性脂和中性脂中的不饱和脂肪酸C18∶3含量,不饱和脂肪酸含量UFA和不饱和脂肪酸指数IUFA及C18:3/IUFA值下降.因此,长期低体积分数SO2处理会使细胞膜的脂肪酸组成发生变化,使不饱和脂肪酸含量下降,饱和脂肪酸含量上升,从而使细胞膜的功能发生变化.     

Incorporating forage grasses in riparian buffers for bioremediation of atrazine, isoxaflutole and nitrate in Missouri

Multi-species tree-shrub-grass riparian buffer systems have been recognized as one of the most cost-effective bioremediation approaches to alleviate nonpoint source agricultural pollution in heavily fertilized systems. However, highly concentrated herbicides in surface and subsurface water and shade cast by trees along the stream bank usually compromise the effectiveness of these systems. Greenhouse trials and field lysimeter studies were conducted to evaluate the tolerance of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), timothy (Phleum pratense), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) ground covers to atrazine and Balance™ (isoxaflutole) plus their capacity to sequester and degrade these herbicides and their metabolites. Their ability to remove soil nitrate was also quantified. Concentrations of atrazine, Balance™ and their metabolites in the leachate, soil and plant samples were determined by solid phase extraction followed by high performance liquid or gas chromatographic analyses. Distribution of the herbicides and metabolites in the system was calculated using a mass balance approach. Herbicide bioremediation capacity of each lysimeter treatment was determined by the ratio of metabolites to parent herbicide plus metabolites. Bioremediation of nitrate was quantified by comparing nitrate reduction rates in grass treatments to the bare ground control. Based on this herbicide tolerance, bioremediation data and shade tolerance determined in a previous study, it was established that switch grass, tall fescue and smooth bromegrass are good candidates for incorporation into tree-shrub-grass riparian buffer systems designed for the bioremediation of atrazine, Balance™ and nitrate.     

基因库中21个美洲黑杨无性系的抗寒性

基因库中２１个美洲黑杨无性系的抗寒性徐红，张崎纹，陈一山，解荷峰关键词美洲黑杨无性系，抗寒性，电导率，膜脂脂肪酸不饱和度美洲黑杨（ＰｏｐｕｌｕｓｄｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓＭａｒｓｈ）无性系具有生长迅速，抗病虫性较强等优良性状。历史上引种成功的几个美洲黑杨无性...     

Termite repellent sesquiterpenoids from Callitris glaucophylla heartwood

Fractions of methanol and ethanol extracts from the heartwood of white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla Thompson et Johnson) were investigated for their repellent activity against subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki worker using a two-choice semicircular filter paper test at 0.5% (w/w) concentration. Fraction CY-E2 composed of (−)-citronellic acid, guaiol, α-, β-, and γ-eudesmol isomers as well as an unknown compound, showed the highest statistically significant repellency (97.8% ± 2.2 SEM) of all fractions tested. Bioactivity-guided fractionations using high-performance liquid chromatography led to the isolation of two, oxygenated eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes with α-methylene moieties, both termite-repellent compounds. These compounds were subsequently identified as ilicic acid methyl ester (IAME) and costic acid by means of spectroscopic analyses, electron impact mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We report the isolation of both IAME and costic acid from C. glaucophylla heartwood for the first time. Part of this paper was presented at the 47th Symposium on the Chemistry of Terpenes, Essential Oils, and Aromatics, Tokyo, November 2003     

火棘种子油理化特性研究初报

陕西杨凌人工栽植的火棘，种子含油率为１３．７８％，种子油的酸值，碘值及皂化值分别为３．５、１４５．３，１８９．３，所含的６种脂肪酸及其比率为软脂酸１３．１５５％。硬脂酸０．８２１％，油酸１１．９７０％，亚油酸７２．７１９％，亚麻酸１．０８８％，芥酸０．１６６％，火棘种子油中的脂肪酸种类和组成与名贵的食用营养油－红花籽油相近，其突出特点在于亚油酸含量极高，很有开发利用前景。     

紫胶蚧与寄主植物氨基酸含量关系初步研究

采用主分量分析、聚类分析等方法研究7种寄主植物氨基酸含量与紫胶蚧关系,结果显示：(1)不同寄主植物和是否被寄生的枝条之间,氨基酸含量存在差异。(2)当寄主植物枝条与久树1年生枝条氨基酸含量相近时,能产生较厚的胶被;偏离久树1年生枝条氨基酸含量越远,紫胶蚧在该寄主植物上的死亡率、怀卵量越高。(3)紫胶蚧寄生后久树枝条中氨基酸总量减少了35％左右,天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、苷氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸的含量也都存在不同程度减少,但久树枝条中蛋氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、色氨酸含量比未放虫枝条中高。其他寄主植物放虫枝条中也有不同种类的氨基酸含量比未放虫枝条中升高或降低的现象。