叶面喷施ALA对水稻豫粳6号光合特性及产量的影响

以水稻品种豫粳6号为试验材料,研究了在孕穗期喷施不同浓度(0、10、30、50、70 mg/L)ALA对水稻光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施ALA后,能够提高净光合速率,增加叶绿素含量,改善光合特性;提高水稻的结实率和粒重;增加产量,增幅达1.41%~14.46%。其中以喷施ALA30 mg/L的效果较好。     

鱼油对仔猪生产性能、炎性介质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激素的影响

本试验研究了鱼油对断奶仔猪生产性能、炎性介质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激素的影响.选用32头(28±3)日龄、体重(8.91±0.74)kg的杜洛克×长白×大白仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头猪,1公1母.采用双因子设计,主因子包括:1)饲粮处理(5%鱼油或5%玉米油);2)免疫应激[注射脂多糖(LPS)或...     

葡萄冷藏中电学参数与质地特性变化规律

为了探讨采后葡萄电学参数与质地特性的变化规律,以红地球葡萄为材料,利用HIOKI 3532-50型LCR测量仪和自制平行板铜电极,在0.1～3?980 kHz频率范围内选取24个频率点,对采后冷藏果实进行了电学参数的动态测定,并研究了其与果实质地参数硬度、咀嚼性、黏着性和弹性之间的相关性,筛选出了电学参数较佳测试频率,建立了电抗X与质地参数的二元二次回归方程。结果表明,葡萄果实复阻抗Z、电感Lp、电抗X和电阻Rp随测试频率升高呈指数形式下降;在同一频率下,果实Z、Lp、X和Rp随着贮藏时间的增加呈线性下降趋势。随着果实的衰老,质地参数硬度和咀嚼性逐渐下降,黏着性绝对值和弹性呈上升趋势。在较佳测试频率0.1 kHz下,电学参数与质地参数呈现较高相关性,其中电抗X与硬度、弹性、黏着性呈现显著相关性（P<0.05）,同时与咀嚼性达到较高相关性,并建立了二者之间的关联方程,为实现葡萄无损检测提供了依据。     

Optimizing fertilizers doses and their effects on photosynthesis and biomass yield of Hibiscus cannabinus cultivated on BRIS soil

In tropical climate, huge amount of fertilizer need to be used for the cultivation of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales (BRIS) soil, however this approach is not cost effective and environmental friendly. Therefore, the optimizing of fertilizer rate for BRIS soils and selection of suitable soil amendments are crucial to get a higher yield. In this study, the effects of different combinations of urea, chicken manure and biochar on soil properties, growth performance and physiological characteristics of kenaf cultivated on the BRIS soil were investigated. Eight treatments were conducted namely: control (T1), biochar (T2), chicken manure (T3), urea (T4), chicken manure + urea (T5), biochar + chicken manure (T6), urea + biochar (T7) and biochar + chicken manure + urea (T8). The biomass and physiological characteristics of kenaf were recorded every month, while the soil was analyzed following a standard laboratory procedure. The application of organic and inorganic fertilizer (urea) significantly increased the nutrient content of the soil compared to the T1, whereas T3 showed the highest pH, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable bases (Na, Mg, Ca). However, the mixing of biochar with organic and inorganic fertilizers showed the highest plant height, diameter of stem and number of leaves as well as dry biomass compared to other treatments. Furthermore, the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductivity. The results suggest that the mixing of biochar with organic and inorganic fertilizers represents an effective approach for the cultivation of kenaf in tropical climate.     

气候变化对植物影响的研究进展

全球气候变化的日益明显以及极端气候的频繁出现,深刻影响着植物的生存、生长及植被的演化。在长期的适应过程中,适应者演化出一套有效的适应策略,克服了这一负面影响,而不适应者则被驱离出境。从物候、生理生态等方面综述了植物对气候变化的适应情况,湿地植物作为生态系统的重要组成部分,对它的研究有待加强。     

3种石斛在不同基质中的光合特性研究

研究了玫瑰石斛、鼓槌石斛、翅梗石斛在10种栽培基质中叶片的光合速率和蒸腾速率的变化。结果表明:在同种基质中培养的3种石斛的净光合速率差异显著,其中最大净光合速率同化量由多到少为鼓槌石斛>玫瑰石斛>翅梗石斛;3种石斛的蒸腾速率差异显著,蒸腾速率由多到少为玫瑰石斛>鼓槌石斛>翅梗石斛;同种植物在不同基质中的光合速率也有差异性;玫瑰石斛和翅梗石斛在单一基质兰石中表现最好,最大净光合速率分别达4.788、2.640μmol.m-2.s-1,鼓槌石斛在兰石∶树皮(1∶1)的混合基质中表现最好,最大净光合速率达6μmol.m-2.s-1。     

辽宁省开原市超级稻氮磷钾肥效“3414”试验研究

本研究的目的是为了取得有关施肥参数,建立吉林省开原地区超级稻施肥模型。应用"3414"设计方案对超级稻进行田间肥效试验,研究不同施肥配方对其产量的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,氮肥对水稻生长有显著的影响,而磷、钾肥的影响较小。建议开原地区超级稻的氮、磷、钾施用量分别为N240.0kg/hm2、P2O5150.0kg/hm2、K2O150.0kg/hm2,并在做好配方施肥的同时,掌握好施肥时期和比例,氮肥要分期施入,保证超级稻各个生长期所需氮素。     

Soil physical changes and maize growth in a structurally fragile tropical soil due to mulching and duration between irrigation intervals

Under tropical meteorological conditions, the volume of soil explored by plant roots is crucial for crop growth as it allows increased water and nutrient use efficiency. We hypothesized that, under different irrigation intervals, leguminous mulch can extend the duration between irrigation events but maintain crop performance, because decreased evaporative fluxes also reduce constraints to root exploration imposed by mechanical stress. We evaluated the combined effects of leguminous mulch and irrigation intervals on soil physical properties to determine whether the growth and productivity of maize were modified in a structurally fragile tropical soil. The experiment involved the following treatments: 4‐day irrigation intervals with soil mulched (4C) or bare (4S), 6‐day irrigation intervals with soil mulched (6C) or bare (6S), 8‐day irrigation intervals with soil mulched (8C) or bare (8S) and 10‐day irrigation intervals with soil mulched (10C) or bare (10S). Mulch decreased soil penetration resistance and increased to 4 days the favourable time for root development in drying soil. Relative to bare soil, mulch with a 6‐day irrigation interval almost doubled nitrogen uptake post‐tasselling, which decreased nitrogen remobilization and increased the crop growth rate during this stage. These conditions had a positive effect on the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance as well as on the growth and yield of maize. A 6‐day irrigation interval with mulch compared to 4 days with bare soil resulted in similar conditions for root development, but greater uptake of nitrogen (102.73–78.70 kg/ha) and better yield (6.2–5.3 t/ha), which means greater efficiency in nitrogen and water use.     

土壤水分对大叶黄杨生长量与光合作用的影响

用盆栽试验研究大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus)在4个土壤水分梯度下的生长量、叶片脱落与形态变化以及光合作用。结果表明,胁迫过程中,中度胁迫与重度胁迫较对照极显著降低了(P0.01)大叶黄杨生长量,并使叶片显著(P0.01)脱落,影响到大叶黄杨观赏性;不同胁迫对大叶黄杨叶形变化有影响,从叶面积差异来看,随着胁迫梯度的增加,大叶黄杨叶片变小,叶片形状由长条形向卵圆形变化,变化程度依次为重度胁迫(P0.01)中度胁迫(P0.01)轻度胁迫(P0.05)对照;光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、光能利用效率等光合作用指标大体上呈现出相似的变化规律,即随胁迫程度的加强与对照的差异越显著。因此,在园林绿化中应适当减少大叶黄杨的灌水量,有效地控制其生长而又不影响其观赏效果,从而达到园林绿化节约养护用水、减少修剪的栽培目标。     

微喷灌溉在山区农业园区的应用研究

对农业休闲园区内进行微喷灌溉设计、施工和应用效果检验,介绍了山区丘陵地形应用微喷高效节水灌溉的设计参数、施工措施和应注意的问题,为发展山区微喷灌溉、服务农业园区提供参考。