荻MsFT1及MsFT2基因的克隆及序列分析

FT(Flowering locus T)基因是最初在拟南芥中发现的一个控制光周期途径开花的一个关键基因,禾本科水稻中发现Hd3a(Heading date 3a)基因被证明与FT的同源且功能相同。该研究采用同源序列法通过水稻Hd3a的m RNA序列在近缘物种甜高粱基因组序列中进行BLAST得到c DNA序列进行引物设计,从禾本科芒属荻中克隆出2条FT的同源基因,命名为Ms FT1和Ms FT2。Ms FT1全长543 bp,编码181个氨基酸;Ms FT2全长540 bp,编码180个氨基酸。Ms FT1和Ms FT2的碱基序列相似性达98%,推导的氨基酸序列相似性达97%,均含有PEBP特异结构域。通过clustal软件将Ms FT1和Ms FT2与其他物种FT基因比较显示与甜高粱的相似性最高达98%、96%,其次是玉米、小麦、水稻等禾本科植物相似度较高。将Ms FT1和Ms FT2氨基酸序列和水稻FT家族18个成员进行对比,Ms FT1及Ms FT2属于FT家族中的FT-like亚族,且与Hd3a处于同一进化分支上。     

选育适合北方气候条件的光温敏核不育水稻的技术探讨

 分别在沈阳设置盆栽人工控制光长试验和连云港进行分期播种试验，研究了农垦58S、培矮64S、衡农-1S和衡农-3S对光温的反应。参试的两用核不育水稻的育性表达对光长核温度的反应不同。一类为高温条件下不育，低温条件下可育；；另一类为高温下可育，低温下不育。北方的低温加大了选育实用型光温敏核不育水稻的难度。提出了辽宁以北地区实用型两用不育系的选育策略核光温临界指标。     

Identification of RFLP markers linked with heading date and its heterosis in hexaploid wheat

Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and T. spelta (Sp)) were used for RFLP analysis of heading date and heterosis. Fourteen RFLP markers linking with heading date were identified; two were localized on chromosome 1A, one on 2A, three on 2B, one on 2D, four on 5A, two on 7A and one unlinked but reported to be on group 2. All of these markers may be attributable to genes for earliness per se. However, the markers in the chromosomes of 1A and 7A are new to this study. RILs were crossed with (tim)-CS, the alloplasmic CS with T. timopheevi cytoplasm, and the heterosis from earlier-parent and mid-parents were calculated for the F₁s to examine the heterotic effect toward earliness on heading date. Five and two RFLP markers were associated with heterosis from the earlier-parent and mid-parents, respectively. They were distributed on the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 2. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小麦幼穗分化的温光反应研究──Ⅱ：光周期反应对小麦穗分化的影响

光周期控制试验结果表明，小麦各穗分化期均受到光照长度的控制，在全期短日照条件下，二棱期、护颖期、雌雄蕊分化期的出现受到强烈的抑制．在前期长日照的基础上，不同时间转入短日照后．随时间后延，短日抑制效应减弱．雌雄蕊期由长日转入短日时，依品种、温度及前期长日照的日照长度不同，穗分化进程所受抑制程度有差别，光周期不敏感品种在较高温度条件下，基本不受影响．小麦幼穗分化对光周期变化的反应具有＇滞后＂现象．本文认为，随品种、温度及日照长度的不同，小麦对光周期反应的要求可能在二棱－抽穗的任一时期内完成．不宜用某一特定的穗分化期来标志光照阶段的开始与结束．     

递增递减光照制对绍鸭产蛋性能及某些生理生化指标的影响

将6月1日出壳的绍鸭雌雏,在自然光照下培育至18周龄,随机分成两组(各50只)。组Ⅰ采用秋冬的自然光照(递减光照组)。组Ⅱ在10月5日自然光照基础上,每周递增15分钟,至31周龄的16小时(递增光照组)。观察两种光照处理对绍鸭产蛋性能、内分泌活动及矿物质代谢等的影响。结果,两种光照对绍鸭产蛋量和蛋品质量均无显著影响。但递增光照显著降低采食量(P<0.01),因而料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05)。两种光照处理对鸭血清孕酮、雌二醇、血清总钙含量无显著影响。据本试验表明,光照对鸡、鸭、鹅等家禽的繁殖季节虽有显著的调节作用,但对繁殖期家禽的生产和繁殖性能的影响不显著。     

湖北光敏感核不育水稻光敏感：期叶片中ATP含量与RuBPcase活力的分析

本文测定ＴＨＰＧＭＲ农垦 ５８Ｓ光敏感期叶片 ＡＴＰ含量和 ＲｕＢＰｃａｓｅ活力的变化。结果表明：（ １）当材料由暗期进入光期时， ＨＰＧＭＲ ５８Ｓ叶片中的ＡＴＰ含量在长日照下比短日照下低，而材料由光期进入暗期时则相反；对照品种农垦５８在长日和短日照下无明显差异；（ ２）ＨＰＧＭＲ ５８Ｓ叶片中的ＲｕＢＰｃａｓｅ活力在长日照下明显比短日照下低，而对照品种农垦５８差异很小。由此推测ＨＰＧＭＲ在不同日照条件下其代谢途径有所不同。     

Effects of photoperiod on salsolinol‐induced prolactin secretion in goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relation between salsolinol (SAL)‐induced prolactin (PRL) release and photoperiod in goats. A single intravenous (i.v.) injection of SAL was given to adult female goats under short (8 h light, 16 h dark) or long (16 h light, 8 h dark) photoperiod conditions at two different ambient temperatures (20°C or 5°C), and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared to that of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) or a dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist, sulpiride. SAL, as well as TRH or sulpiride, stimulated the release of PRL promptly after each injection in both 8‐ and 16‐h daily photoperiods at 20°C (P < 0.05). The area under the response curve (AUC) of PRL for the 60‐min period after injections of saline (controls), SAL, TRH and sulpiride in the 16‐h daily photoperiod group was greater than each corresponding value in the 8‐h daily photoperiod group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the AUC of PRL among the values produced after the injection of SAL, TRH and sulpiride in 16‐h daily photoperiod group; however, the values produced after the injection of TRH were smallest among the three in the 8‐h daily photoperiod group (P < 0.05). The PRL‐releasing responses to SAL, TRH and sulpiride under a short and long photoperiod condition at 5°C resembled those at 20°C. These results show that a long photoperiod highly enhances the PRL‐releasing response to SAL as well as TRH or sulpiride in either medium or low ambient temperature in goats.     

Effects of photoperiod on secretory patterns of growth hormone in adult male goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of photoperiod on secretory patterns of growth hormone (GH) in male goats. Adult male goats were kept at 20°C with an 8‐h or 16‐h light photoperiod, and secretory patterns of GH secretion were compared. In addition, plasma profiles of prolactin (PRL), insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and testosterone (T) were also examined to characterize GH secretion. GH was secreted in a pulsatile manner. There was no significant difference in pulse frequency between the 8‐h and 16‐h photoperiods. However, GH pulse amplitude tended to be greater in the group with the 16‐h photoperiod (P = 0.1), and mean GH concentrations were significantly greater in the 16‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). The GH‐releasing response to GH releasing hormone was greater in the 16‐h than 8‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). Plasma PRL and IGF‐I levels were higher in the 16‐h than 8‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). In contrast, plasma T levels were lower in the 16‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). These results show that a long light photoperiod enhances the secretion of GH as well as PRL and IGF‐I, but reduces plasma T concentrations in male goats.     

Physiology and Regulation of Seasonal Nitrogen Cycling in Woody Plants

Summary

Seasonal nitrogen cycling in trees is a mechanism for conserving and reusing nitrogen that may contribute to nitrogen use efficiency. In this review the physiological and molecular regulation of seasonal nitrogen storage is examined. Research using the 32 kDa bark storage protein gene, bspA of poplar (Populus) as a model system has revealed important facets regulating gene expression and subsequent nitrogen storage. Recent progress has demonstrated that bspA expression is a photoperiod response mediated by phytochrome and secondary messengers including Ca²⁺ and protein phosphorylation are involved in signaling pathways. Furthermore, evidence indicates that photoperiod modulated expression likely involves metabolic signaling mediated by glutamine and sucrose. A model is proposed that integrates the various facets of poplar bspa expression.     

Effect of photoperiod on development and reproduction of Megacopta cribraria(Hemiptera:Plataspidae)

Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) continually outbreaks due to suitable photoperiod in recent years. Effect of photoperiod on growth, development and reproduction of M. cribraria were assessed in this study. Results indicated that developmental duration, nutrient accumulation efficiency, and adult fecundity of M. cribraria were significantly different under 6 photoperiodical conditions. Developmental duration of nymph stage gradually tended to be shorter as day time increase. Body weights of 5th instar nymphs for 16 h and 4 h day time photoperiods were 5.2 mg and 4.6 mg, respectively. Moreover, longevity of adults tended to be longer as day time increase. However, for the short day photoperiod (4 L:20 D and 8 L:16 D), population showed no reproductive behaviors. Index of population trend increased with photoperiod extension and adults showed stronger reproductive capacity and longer longevity. This research identified the favorable photoperiodical conditions before outbreak. It may provided reference for ecological adaptability of M. cribraria, and contribute to the scientific basis for forecasting and controlling of M. cribraria.