烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis滞育诱导研究

研究了不同温度、光周期以及温光组合条件对烟蚜茧蜂滞育诱导的效果。结果表明,僵蚜形成前,各种温度、光周期及温光组合条件均著的作用。僵蚜形成后,低温可大量诱导产生滞育,０℃处理３０ｄ,６０％以上个体进入滞育,而光周期的诱导作用仍不明显。作者认为你温是引起烟蚜茧蜂滞育的主要因素,处理的敏感时期为老熟幼虫－预肾期。滞育虫态为肾。     

Isolation and Analysis of the Promoter of OsRacD from Photoperiod Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice

The photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile (PSGMS) rice Nongken 58S, was discovered as a spontaneous mutant in Hubei Province by Mr. Shi Ming-song in 1973 [1]. It showed the characteristics of photoperiod fertility conversion (PFC), i.e. being sterile under long-day treatment but fertile under short-day treatment, and became the typical material for studying the molecular mechanism of genic male sterile induced by photoperiod, and also for studying the photoperiod-regulating expression …     

Effects of photoperiod on gonadotropin-releasing hormone levels in the brain and pituitary of underyearling male barfin flounder

ABSTRACT:   A pleuronectiform fish, the barfin flounder Verasper moseri , expresses three gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) forms in the brain: salmon GnRH (sGnRH), chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) and seabream GnRH (sbGnRH). To clarify the effects of photoperiod on GnRH systems, changes in brain and pituitary GnRH peptide levels were examined using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays. In experiment 1, 5-month-old male barfin flounder (mean total length 9.0 cm, body weight 11.0 g) were divided into short (8:16 h light : dark [L:D] cycle; lights on 08.00–16.00 hours) and long photoperiod (16:8 h L:D cycle; lights on 04.00–20.00 hours) groups in mid September and maintained until November under natural water temperature (19.3–15.2°C). Brain sGnRH concentrations were significantly higher in the 16:8 h L:D group than in the 8:16 h L:D group, whereas no significant differences were observed in total length, body weight, plasma testosterone concentration, brain cGnRH-II concentration and pituitary sbGnRH content. In experiment 2, 7-month-old male barfin flounder (mean total length 16.5 cm, body weight 76.8 g) were divided into short and long photoperiod groups in mid December and maintained until February under natural water temperature (12.5–6.6°C). Total length, body weight and condition factor were significantly greater in the 16:8 h L:D group than in the 8:16 h L:D group, whereas no significant differences were observed in plasma testosterone concentration and GnRH levels in the brain and pituitary. These results indicate that levels of sGnRH in barfin flounder are influenced by photoperiodic treatment dependent on water temperature and/or body size.     

Effects of aromatase inhibitors on reproduction in male three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, exposed to long and short photoperiods

Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, males were implanted with Silastic capsules filled with different aromatase inhibitors; 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione or the non-steroidal CGS16949 A, 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrimidazol [1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl) benzonitrile monohydrochloride or empty capsules. The fish were then exposed to long or short photoperiod. Under the long photoperiod most fish in all treatments displayed a hypertrophied kidney (a secondary sexual character in sticklebacks) and completed, quiescent spermatogenesis, similar as in the natural spawning period. Under the short photoperiod the controls had unstimulated kidneys and an active spermatogenesis, whereas the males implanted with both aromatase inhibitors had stimulated kidneys, though not to the extent as in the long photoperiod, and completed, quiescent spermatogenesis. These findings suggest that aromatization is of importance for the inhibitory effects of short photoperiod on reproduction in the stickleback. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

QTL analysis of photoperiod sensitivity in common buckwheat by using markers for expressed sequence tags and photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes

Photoperiod sensitivity is an important trait related to crop adaptation and ecological breeding in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Although photoperiod sensitivity in this species is thought to be controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs), no genes or regions related to photoperiod sensitivity had been identified until now. Here, we identified QTLs controlling photoperiod sensitivity by QTL analysis in a segregating F₄ population (n = 100) derived from a cross of two autogamous lines, 02AL113(Kyukei SC2)LH.self and C0408-0 RP. The F₄ progenies were genotyped with three markers for photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes, which were identified based on homology to photoperiod-sensitivity genes in Arabidopsis and 76 expressed sequence tag markers. Among the three photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes (FeCCA1, FeELF3 and FeCOL3) identified in common buckwheat, FeELF3 was associated with photoperiod sensitivity. Two EST regions, Fest_L0606_4 and Fest_L0337_6, were associated with photoperiod sensitivity and explained 20.0% and 14.2% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. For both EST regions, the allele from 02AL113(Kyukei SC2)LH.self led to early flowering. An epistatic interaction was also confirmed between Fest_L0606_4 and Fest_L0337_6. These results demonstrate that photoperiod sensitivity in common buckwheat is controlled by a pathway consisting of photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes as well as multiple gene action.     

光照周期对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼昼夜节律调节的作用

为了研究尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼游泳行为在不喂食时是否存在昼夜节律和光照周期的调节作用,设计了光周期为光照(L)∶黑暗(D)=12 h∶12 h,持续的黑暗(DD),持续的光照(LL),光周期为L∶D=6 h∶6 h和光周期为L∶D=2 h∶2 h。结果表明:(1)光周期为L∶D=12 h∶12 h时,尼罗罗非鱼具有明显的昼夜节律,昼夜节律周期为(24. 3±0. 2) h;(2)尼罗罗非鱼的昼夜节律在持续的黑暗和光照下仍然存在,分别为(25. 1±1. 1) h和(25. 6±1. 0) h;(3)光周期为L∶D=6 h∶6 h时,尼罗罗非鱼仍具有明显的昼夜节律(12. 6±0. 5) h;(4)在光周期为L∶D=2 h∶2 h时,尼罗罗非鱼的昼夜游泳行为仍具有明显的昼夜节律,节律周期为(4. 0±2. 0) h。这些结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼具有以24 h为周期的内源性生物钟,但相比与外源性光照调控,内源性的生物钟对罗非鱼的调控较弱,外源性的光照周期才是调节尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼昼夜行为节律的主要因素。     

马铃薯温光反应及其与内源激素关系的研究

【目的】研究不同温光条件下马铃薯生长、块茎形成及其与内源GA3、ABA和JA的关系,为云南省马铃薯周年均衡生产及品种引进提供依据。【方法】选用云南主栽的4个马铃薯品种——大西洋、合作88、米拉和中甸红,设15℃8 h、15℃12 h、15℃16 h、25℃8 h、25℃12 h和25℃16 h共6个温光处理,观察不同温光条件下马铃薯生长及块茎形成,并对不同温光条件下的内源GA3、ABA和JA进行测定分析。【结果】马铃薯不同品种对温度和光照的敏感性存在差异,大西洋对温度反应较敏感,25℃高温条件下,8 h、12 h和16 h三个光照处理后均无块茎形成,合作88对光照反应较敏感,在16 h长日光照条件下,15℃、25℃两个温度处理后均无块茎形成, 中甸红在高温和长日照（25℃16 h）的共同作用下无块茎形成,米拉在所有温光处理下均有块茎形成。不同温光条件下马铃薯叶片内源GA3、ABA和JA测定分析结果表明,GA3在无块茎形成的温光条件下含量较高而在块茎形成温光条件下含量显著降低,ABA和JA含量无论在何种温光条件下都随马铃薯生育进程持续增高。【结论】GA3是抑制结薯的重要因子,ABA和JA含量升高与植株衰老的关系比与块茎形成的关系更为密切。     

光周期和温度对胭脂花生长发育的影响

为探讨人工栽培条件下胭脂花的生长发育规律,开发实用的胭脂花栽培技术,以胭脂花休眠植株为试验材 料,研究了15 与20 c2 种温度和16、12、8 h 3 种日照长度对解除胭脂花植株休眠及解除休眠后植株生长发育的影 响。结果表明:1)光周期和温度对解除胭脂花植株休眠和生长发育均有显著影响,光周期是解除休眠、促进萌发 (对植株萌发的贡献率为79.89%)和生长发育(对生物量的贡献率在78.66% 以上)的重要因素;16 h 日照长度处 理20 d 可彻底打破胭脂花的休眠,促进萌发和快速生长,日照短于12 h 时胭脂花植株则持续处于休眠状态或生长 缓慢。2)16 h 日照长度和15 c温度组合最适合胭脂花的生长发育,该条件下植株生物量最大(干质量达到2.375 g),主根发达,花芽分化效果好,并有部分植株开花。16 h 日照长度下,20 益温度处理的植株生长速率在前期高于 15 益处理,但后期叶片大量萎蔫,长势衰弱,根系活力低。试验结果说明,胭脂花适宜在长日照及较低温度条件下 生长,短日照可诱导植株休眠,20 c以上温度不利于其生长发育。