甘薯茎尖粉在挂面生产中的应用

为了利用甘薯茎尖丰富的营养成分,该试验通过复因素试验分析测定了添加甘薯茎尖粉和淀粉磷酸酯对挂面弯曲断条率、烹煮时间、烹煮损失、熟断条率和吸水率等品质指标的影响.结果表明:甘薯茎尖粉和淀粉磷酸酯的不同添加量对挂面弯曲断条率的影响较大,且二者存在交互效应;添加甘薯茎尖粉对于挂面烹煮时间、烹煮损失、熟断条率和吸水率均无显著影响,而处理间及添加淀粉磷酸酯对挂面上述4个品质指标均有极显著影响.经综合分析最终确定小麦粉、甘薯茎尖粉、淀粉磷酸酯按100:1.5:7的比例混合为生产挂面的较佳配方,经与市售挂面相比较,发现采用此配方可以生产出营养价值高且质量合格的甘薯茎尖挂面.     

AM真菌改善植物磷营养吸收和转运机制的研究进展

旨在深入了解丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)真菌在植物吸收和转运磷元素方面的机制。本研究归纳了近年来关于AM真菌能够促使植物改善磷营养（如磷酸盐转运蛋白、磷酸酶基因等）相关的最新研究成果,着重分析了AM真菌的菌根吸收途径,总结了国内外关于AM真菌对水溶性无机磷、难溶性无机磷和有机磷等3种土壤磷存在形态下的利用机制。最后指出该领域仍存在的一些问题以及未来的研究侧重点。     

Modulation of plant root traits by nitrogen and phosphate: transporters,long-distance signaling proteins and peptides,and potential artificial traps

As sessile organisms, plants rely on their roots for anchorage and uptake of water and nutrients. Plant root is an organ showing extensive morphological and metabolic plasticity in response to diverse environmental stimuli including nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition/stresses. N and P are two essential macronutrients serving as not only cell structural components but also local and systemic signals triggering root acclimatory responses. Here, we mainly focused on the current advances on root responses to N and P nutrition/stresses regarding transporters as well as long-distance mobile proteins and peptides, which largely represent local and systemic regulators, respectively. Moreover, we exemplified some of the potential pitfalls in experimental design, which has been routinely adopted for decades. These commonly accepted methods may help researchers gain fundamental mechanistic insights into plant intrinsic responses, yet the output might lack strong relevance to the real situation in the context of natural and agricultural ecosystems. On this basis, we further discuss the established—and yet to be validated—improvements in experimental design, aiming at interpreting the data obtained under laboratory conditions in a more practical view.     

家蚕滞育卵中辅酶Ⅰ和辅酶Ⅱ的含量变化

利用苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和柠檬酸合酶(CS)串联反应以及葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)催化葡萄糖-6-磷酸(G-6-P)脱氢反应,分别测定了家蚕滞育发动、即时浸酸和低温冷藏处理蚕卵辅酶Ⅰ(NAD+)和辅酶Ⅱ(NADP+)的含量。滞育发动时蚕卵NAD+含量显著下降,而即时浸酸和低温冷藏处理使蚕卵NAD+含量显著提高。蚕卵中的NADP+在滞育发动前大量积累,滞育发动时下降,即时浸酸处理后NADP+含量显著提高,在低温冷藏早期其含量进一步提高,低温冷藏处理后期又显著下降。分析上述结果认为,家蚕滞育卵中NAD+和NADP+含量的变化分别与呼吸耗氧量和糖元-山梨醇相互转化密切相关。     

A dose‐escalation study of combretastatin A4‐phosphate in healthy dogs

Combretastatin A4 ‐Phosphate (CA4P ) is a vascular disrupting agent revealing promising results in cancer treatments for humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and adverse events of CA4P in healthy dogs as a prerequisite to application of CA4P in dogs with cancer. Ten healthy dogs were included. The effects of escalating doses of CA4P on physical, haematological and biochemical parameters, systolic arterial blood pressure, electrocardiogram, echocardiographic variables and general wellbeing were characterised. Three different doses were tested: 50, 75 and 100 mg m^?2. At all 3 CA4P doses, nausea, abdominal discomfort as well as diarrhoea were observed for several hours following administration. Likewise, a low‐grade neutropenia was observed in all dogs. Doses of 75 and 100 mg m^?2 additionally induced vomiting and elevation of serum cardiac troponine I levels. At 100 mg m^?2, low‐grade hypertension and high‐grade neurotoxicity were also observed. In healthy dogs, doses up to 75 mg m^?2 seem to be well tolerated. The severity of the neurotoxicity observed at 100 mg m^?2, although transient, does not invite to use this dose in canine oncology patients.     

Metabolite profiling of the response to high-nitrogen fertilizer during grain development of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat yield and quality are dependent largely on nitrogen (N) availability. In this study, we performed the first metabolomic analysis of the response to high-N fertilizer during wheat grain development using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Quality parameter analyses demonstrated that high-N fertilizer application led to a significant increase in grain protein content and improvement in starch and bread-making quality. Comparative metabolomic profiling of six grain developmental stages resulted in identification of 74 metabolites, including amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids and lipids/alcohol, which are primarily involved in carbon and N metabolism. Under high-N fertilizer treatment, numerous metabolites accumulated significantly during grain development. Principal component analysis revealed two principal components as being responsible for the variances resulting from N-fertilizer treatments. Metabolite–metabolite correlation analysis demonstrated that the high-N treatment group had a greater number of positive correlations among metabolites, suggesting that high-N fertilizer treatment induced a concerted metabolic change that resulted in improved grain development. Particularly, the high-N treatment-mediated significant accumulation of metabolites involved in the TCA cycle, starch and storage protein synthesis could be responsible for the improvement of grain yield and quality. Our results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of wheat grain development and yield and quality.     

Phosphorus availability,root exudates,and microbial activity in the rhizosphere

Field and pot experiments showed that the P demand of wheat is highest in early stages of growth (up to 1.67 μg P per cm² root surface and day). The needed orthophosphate ions H₂PO₄? and HPO₄²-move from soil to the root by diffusion. This process is controlled by the concentration gradient of the diffusible phosphate and the effective diffusion coefficient according to Pick's first law. Root excretions (rhizodeposition) are able to affect both characteristics. The water soluble portion of rhizodeposition contains more than 50% of up to 8 different sugars, 10–40% carboxylic acids and 10–15 amino acids and amides. The composition varies in dependence on the age of the root parts and on nutrition (Zea mays L., Brassica napus L., Pisum sativum L.). Diffusion experiments using small soil blocks showed that 50–75% of the root exudates were decomposed by respiration within 3 days. The rest was largely chemically converted. Originally present sugars disappeared. Due to the biosynthesis of different organic acids from the individual sugars the mobilisation of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ by Pantoea agglomerans increased when the sugar mixture was derived from the rhizodeposition of P deficient plants with more pentoses instead of glucose and fructose (mainly effect of anions). In the rhizosphere therefore a mixture of rhizodeposition and its conversion products exists which affects the binding of phosphorus in soil and the P transport to the root. This should be considered both for the development of new soil extractants and for modelling the P supply to plants.     

不同来源硅酸盐菌剂质量分析研究

对３种硅酸盐菌剂进行了菌群组成、含菌量及生物学活性的测定,作出了评价,提出了改良菌剂品质的建议     

磷肥和石灰对酸性土壤上一年生黑麦草生长的影响

在二种强酸性、严重缺磷的土壤上,对一年生黑麦草做了磷肥和石灰用量的盆栽试验．结果表明：严重缺磷的土壤,施磷可成倍增加黑麦草产量;黄筋泥需磷量相对红砂土较高些．施磷量与收获后土壤速效磷含量与黑麦草产量密切相关,但土壤速效磷的等级指标,红砂土应比黄筋泥高些．石灰的增产作用远比磷肥低,增产效果还因施磷量不同而不同．在施石灰提高土壤ｐＨ达５．５的范围内,施磷量低的处理产量随石灰施用量的增加而增加;施磷量较高时,石灰的增产效果停留在低石灰用量上．