海泡石及钙镁磷肥对烟草主要农艺性状及吸收镉的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究海泡石和钙镁磷肥在400、800 g/m2处理水平下对烟田土壤有效态Cd含量、土壤pH值、烟草Cd含量及主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明,在本试验条件下,海泡石和钙镁磷肥均能有效降低烟田土壤中有效态Cd含量,减少土壤Cd向烟草各组织的迁移转运,2种材料的效果差异不显著;施用海泡石和钙镁磷肥均能小幅度提高土壤pH值,但不能过量施用;400 g/m2钙镁磷肥处理能提高烟叶鲜重,800 g/m2钙镁磷肥和海泡石处理对烟叶鲜重、株高、有效叶数均无显著影响。     

解磷菌的降解能力及其培养特性的研究

采用限制性培养的方法从大庆多年耕作的农田土壤中分离筛选出的无机磷降解菌1株。在以Ca3(PO4)2为唯一磷源的平板培养中对其解磷能力进行测定,结果能观察到溶磷圈,但溶磷圈直径较小;在液体培养法中利用钼锑抗比色法对其解磷能力进行测定,在以Ca3(PO4)2为唯一磷源的培养液中的可溶性磷得率为10.01%,解磷能力较强。通过研究不同初始pH、温度、气液比对解磷能力的影响,确定分解Ca3(PO4)2的最佳条件为30℃,180r/min,pH7～8。气液比越小越有利于溶磷。     

Echinacoside promotes bone regeneration by increasing OPG/RANKL ratio in MC3T3-E1 cells

Echinacoside (ECH), isolated from Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) R. Wight stems, was subjected to in vitro experiments to investigate its bioactivities on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. MTT assay, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition were determined, and the secretion of collagen I (COL I), osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) were also assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that ECH caused a significant increase in cell proliferation, ALP activity, COL I contents, OCN levels and an enhancement of mineralization in osteoblasts at the concentration range from 0.01 to 10 nmol·L^− 1 (p < 0.05), suggesting that ECH has a stimulatory effect on osteoblastic bone formation or has potential activity against osteoporosis. In addition, the ratio of OPG/RANKL also could be enhanced by ECH. These findings provide the potent evidence that ECH can promote bone regeneration in cultured osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, which might be done by elevating the OPG/RANKL ratio, and potential evidence for echinacoside to be a promising drug or a lead compound in the development of disease-modifying drug to prevent osteoporosis.     

磷酸替米考星对姜曲海品系仔猪的安全性试验研究

为客观评价磷酸替米考星可溶性粉对靶动物猪临床应用的安全性,本试验选取50头40日龄健康断奶姜曲海品系仔猪,分别以1倍、3倍、5倍及10倍剂量10％磷酸替米考星可溶性粉连续饮水给药21 d,喂服受试药物前后受试猪的血常规、血生化、血凝、尿常规、料重比等指标及病理组织学结果表明,受试仔猪没有表现出明显不良症状,除10倍剂量受试猪的血生化指标中血清钙、肌酸激酶与空白对照组相比有明显差异(P＜0.01)外,其他各用药组受试猪的各检测指标与空白对照组没有显著差异或其测定值均位于正常值范围,未出现与用药明显相关的不良状况.结果说明10％磷酸替米考星可溶性粉毒性较小,受试猪体的耐受性高,至少以10倍推荐剂量连续饮水给药21 d对靶动物猪是安全的.本试验对姜曲海品系仔猪进行了血常规、血生化、血凝、尿常规、饲料报酬等方面数据的补充,为其相关指标的进一步研究提供了一定的参考依据.     

Red Algal Bromophenols as Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors

Five bromophenols isolated from three Rhodomelaceae algae (Laurencia nipponica, Polysiphonia morrowii, Odonthalia corymbifera) showed inhibitory effects against glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Among them, the symmetric bromophenol dimer (5) showed the highest inhibitory activity against G6PD.     

Regrowth Rates of Timothy and Meadow Fescue as Related to the Content of Remaining Water-soluble Carbohydrates and Non-elongated Tillers

The relationship between regrowth rates and the content of water-soluble carbohydrates in stubble (WSC) and percentage of non-elongated tillers (PNT) was studied in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) cut at different phenological stages. Single plants were grown in pots and cut outdoors and then regrown under controlled climatic conditions. The data for the dry matter production during the following 3 weeks were fitted to an expolinear growth equation to determine an initial maximum relative regrowth rate (R _m) and a daily maximum regrowth rate (C _m). C _m appeared to be positively correlated to PNT in both species, whereas R _m was increased with increasing WSC. For regrowth after later cuts of meadow fescue there was a positive contribution to R _m by PNT.     

生石灰和钙镁磷肥对晚稻生长及稻米镉含量的影响

为研究不同培肥措施对镉污染稻田的修复效果,采用小区试验的方法,研究了生石灰和钙镁磷肥及与化肥、有机肥配施对土壤镉有效性、水稻生长和稻米镉含量的影响。结果表明:施用生石灰、钙镁磷肥可以显著提高土壤pH值,其增幅为10.5%～16.1%,其中耦合石灰、钙镁磷肥和化肥(NPKML)处理增幅最大,达到16.1%,施用生石灰次之、钙镁磷肥增幅最小。有机肥与生石灰、有机肥与化肥和生石灰配施可使土壤有效镉含量降低7.9%～23.5%、使糙米的镉含量降低35.1%～47.5%,其中NPKML对两者的降低效果最佳。施用生石灰、钙镁磷肥等对水稻生长和稻谷品质没有显著影响。研究表明,有机肥、化肥、钙镁磷肥和石灰合理配施,对镉污染稻田修复具有较好的效果。     

不同钝化剂对铅锌矿区周边农田镉铅污染钝化修复研究

采用大田试验和盆栽试验,研究了海泡石(S)、石灰(L)、腐植酸(H)、生物炭(B)和钙镁磷肥(P)对云南某铅锌矿区周边玉米农田的修复效果,并采用BCR形态分级试验研究土壤钝化前后重金属形态的变化。结果表明:石灰和海泡石可显著提高土壤pH。钝化处理可显著降低DTPA提取态Cd、Pb含量,盆栽试验中,生物炭45 t·hm~(-2)处理对Cd钝化效率可达45.3%,石灰2.25 t·hm~(-2)处理对Pb钝化效率可达60.6%;大田试验中,钙镁磷肥3 t·hm~(-2)处理对Cd最高钝化效率可达48.3%,石灰4.5 t·hm~(-2)处理对Pb钝化效率可达25.3%。石灰、海泡石和生物炭对重金属形态变化影响显著,可促进重金属由高活性形态向低活性形态转换。钝化处理可显著降低玉米籽粒中Cd、Pb含量,生物炭22.5 t·hm~(-2)处理下,Cd最大降幅85%,作物达到食品安全国家标准(GB 2762—2012,Cd≤0.1 mg·kg-1),石灰4.5 t·hm~(-2)处理下,Pb最大降幅59.6%,但未达到食品安全国家标准(GB 2762—2012,Pb≤0.2 mg·kg-1)。部分钝化剂可以起到增产的作用,腐植酸22.5 t·hm~(-2)处理下可增产29.1%。综合分析不同钝化剂及其施用量的效果可知,海泡石和石灰是对该矿区周边Cd、Pb污染农田修复效果最佳的钝化剂,最佳施用量分别为海泡石45 t·hm~(-2)和石灰2.25 t·hm~(-2)。