计算机视觉描述缺素番茄叶片颜色变化的研究

利用计算机视觉系统代替人眼对番茄缺素进行自动识别的方法，通过对缺素番茄叶片彩色图像的分析研究，利用图像处理技术中的颜色分析方法，分析缺N和正常叶片的特征量随着缺素时间的变化规律．提出用G体均值、H色调均值来定量描述缺N叶片随时间的变化。结果表明：利用计算机视觉能定量描述缺N叶片颜色随缺素时间的变化。     

基于方向一致性特征的小麦条锈病与白粉病识别方法

针对小麦条锈病、白粉病这2种病斑颜色特征相近、形状特征不明显,但在方向分布的一致性上却存在较大差别这一特点,提出了一种方向一致性描述方法。通过不同的方向核与图像卷积得到多个方向图和边缘,对每个方向图依据边缘图进行统计得到图像的方向分布直方图;并计算方向分布直方图的标准差,作为图像方向分布的一致性特征。该方法能够较好地抑制噪声影响,得到的结果符合图像的实际分布情况。利用该方法对小麦病斑进行特征提取,并应用于小麦条锈病与白粉病的病斑识别实验中。实验结果表明,所提出的方向一致性特征使条锈病与白粉病的区别度较大,准确识别率达到99%。     

基于双池化与多尺度核特征加权CNN的典型牧草识别

针对自然背景下牧草难识别的问题,提出一种基于双池化与多尺度核特征加权的卷积神经网络牧草识别方法。双池化特征加权结构通过将卷积层输出的特征图分别进行最大值池化和均值池化得到两组特征图,引入特征重标定策略,依照各通道特征图对当前任务的重要程度进行加权,以增强有用特征、抑制无用特征;多尺度核特征加权结构通过在卷积层中同时使用3×3和5×5两种卷积核,并将网络的前几层特征复用后进行加权,以提高重要特征的利用率。对10类牧草图像进行识别实验,结果表明,该方法识别率为94. 1%,比VGG-13网络提高了5. 7个百分点,双池化与多尺度特征加权有效提高了牧草识别精度。     

Characterization of mobile LiDAR data collected with multiple echoes per pulse from crowns during foliation

Abstract

As a state-of-the-art technology for fine-scale forest investigation, mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (LiDAR), also referred to as mobile laser scanning (MLS), recently has been increasingly exploited to improve its performance on this task. One potential solution is to apply special MLS systems with the capability of collecting multiple echoes per pulse (multi-echoes, for short) from canopies. The methodologies of this rationale turned out to perform better but still insufficiently for canopy properties retrieval, owing to their common defective premise. That is, the knowledge of the characteristics of MLS scan data comprising multi-echoes, so far, is in shortage, especially when regarding the dynamic process of tree foliation. As a pioneering work for this challenge, this study attempted to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of MLS multi-echoes collected from tree crowns during foliation. Specifically, new stable multi-echoes-related features were deduced under the schematic frame of relative quantification, in both spatial and temporal sense. “Relative” here briefly means the division operation deployed on the attributes of multi-echoes, individually in terms of the number of echoes, echo width and crown volume integrity, between their different return orders. Then, the “relative” schematic was primarily validated for more stably representing crown properties during foliation, based on the real data that was collected by the Sensei MLS system with a maximum of three echoes per pulse. Further, a case of tree species classification was examined using a linear discriminant classifier, and it was testified that the resultant temporal statistical rules of multi-echoes as the reverse clues can enhance the performance of MLS in applications.     

螺旋榨油机关键设计的探讨

螺旋榨油机作为目前使用最广泛的榨油机械，其具有连续化、单机处理量大等特点，一般应用在高含油料的一次压榨以及预榨工艺中。为此，对螺旋榨油机的关键设计进行了探讨，从物料特性与机械结构相结合的角度讨论了压榨结构的设计过程，主要从物料的压榨特性，榨膛、榨排、榨螺的设计及理论压缩比的确定等方面展开阐述。     

不同腔长下调Q激光器输出脉冲特性研究

从Nd3+:YAG脉冲激光器调Q技术出发,研究了不同腔长条件下电光调Q激光器输出脉冲的宽度、能量和峰值功率特征,得到了不同腔长的调Q激光器输出脉冲特性曲线。研究结果表明,激光器腔长的改变能较好地调节脉冲的输出特性,对脉冲激光器的灵活应用具有一定的指导意义。     

基于Matlab的AHP分析程序设计

层次分析法是目前最为广泛应用的决策方法,但涉及大量的矩阵运算,影响了该方法的推广。Matlab软件精于矩阵运算,与C语言结构类似,移植性强,本研究基于Matlab设计出了便捷高效的AHP计算机程序。     

Morphological variability of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta in different river environments

Abstract – The morphologies of sympatric juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr and brown trout Salmo trutta parr were compared between Irish rivers with contrasting hydraulic environments – a high‐gradient and a low‐gradient tributary from the River Barrow catchment, south‐east Ireland and a high‐gradient river from the Burrishoole catchment, west of Ireland. The two catchments differ markedly in mean annual precipitation (849.0 mm year^?1 and 1370.3 mm year^?1 for the Barrow and Burrishoole catchments, respectively). Parr of both species demonstrated morphological variation between and within catchments. Changes in metrics such as pectoral fin length, body depth and body length between and within catchments suggest that hydraulic forces were a major determinant of morphological variation. Both species from the Burrishoole catchment had relatively larger pectoral fins, longer heads, larger eyes and shallower bodies than conspecifics from the Barrow catchment. In rivers subject to frequent rainfall‐driven high discharges, such as those in the Burrishoole catchment, a more fusiform body and head shape coupled with larger pectoral fins may reduce the energetic cost of maintaining position in the water column, as well as increase stability and manoeuvrability. The larger eyes in both parr species in the Burrishoole catchment could further be a response to the lower visibility of the more turbid and peat‐stained waters or to the reduced prey availability. The results of this study demonstrate that local adaptation to flow conditions can yield morphologically distinct populations and that multiple species can exhibit parallel phenotypic responses to changing environmental conditions.     

农民消费现状及主要特征分析

近年来,农村经济快速发展,农民收入增加,农民消费状况有所改善。农民衣着消费金额增加且比重下降,人均居住消费支出不断增加,教育支出和医疗保健支出受到政策影响有所减少,交通消费价格指数和文化娱乐消费价格指数有所上升,农民生活质量提高,消费结构趋于合理。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠公路沿线植被及特点

本文以塔克拉玛干浙江省公路为主线，调查由沙漠北缘至腹地自然概况，植物组成及分布特点，植被类型等，结果表明，塔克拉玛干沙漠公路沿线植物组成非常贫乏，仅１８种；生态学特性则以中生，耐盐的高位芽植物占主导地位；大多数植物以根蘖为主要繁殖形式；植被类型简单、隐域性盐化草甸植被占有一定的地位。