基于HIS颜色特征的田间成熟番茄识别技术

研究了一种基于HIS颜色特征的田间成熟番茄识别技术。将计算机视觉系统获取的番茄RGB图像转换成HIS图像，通过统计H、I、S分量的灰度分布找出成熟番茄、未成熟番茄和叶子(枝干)灰度分布差别；然后根据H分量的灰度分布用阈值法分割出成熟番茄区域；经过空洞填充后，计算出番茄质心坐标。该方法对田间成熟番茄之间相互分离的情况有很好的识别效果。     

转Bt基因棉对棉铃虫抗性的时空动态

在室内研究了转Ｂｔ基因棉对棉铃虫抗性的时空动态及对棉铃虫幼虫取食行为的影响,结果表明,整个棉花生长期,棉花不同器官随着时间的变化其抗性有较大的差异,如７月以后,棉叶对棉铃虫幼虫的抗性明显下降,由６月下旬的１００％下降到８月初的６２．５％,然后抗性又逐渐回升,但仍为下降的趋势;从空间抗性来看,营养器官的抗性高于繁殖器官,接虫２４ｈ后,棉铃虫幼虫在转基因棉繁殖器官上分布数量较多;转基因棉对棉铃虫幼虫取食行为有较大的影响,和常规棉相比,在转基因棉上取食时间减少５７．６％,吐丝下垂、爬行和静息的时间分别延长３９６．１％、２２．４％和４．０％。     

基于Lab颜色空间的非监督GMM水稻无人机图像分割

为解决传统水稻冠层图像分割算法性能在很大程度上依赖于训练数据集的质量,且分割效果易受田间多变光照强度影响,导致水稻生产参数估计精度不高等问题,提出一种基于Lab颜色空间的非监督贝叶斯方法,用于田间水稻无人机图像分割.模型参数从每个独立、未标记的无人机图像直接学习获得,无需训练.不同图像会有不同的模型参数,该算法能够适应...     

基于地学信息图谱的山东省国土空间转型分析

开展国土空间转型研究对综合评估国土空间变化、探求人类活动与国土空间变化系统的耦合规律具有重要意义。以山东省为研究区,基于多期土地利用遥感监测数据,对该省国土三生空间进行分类评价,运用地学信息图谱论并结合转型理念,分析并揭示了1980—2018年国土空间时空转型特征。结果表明：山东省国土以农业生产空间为主,城镇生活空间扩张幅度显著高于农村生活空间,水域生态空间和工矿生产空间面积波动变化,其他生态空间面积持续性下降;不同时间段表现出不同的国土空间转型特点,2000—2018年比1980—2000年转型更为强烈。1980—2000年以农业生产空间转型至生活空间、生态空间转型至生产空间为主,2000—2018年则主要为生活空间与生产空间、生产空间与生态空间的交互转型;1980—2000年涨势图谱主要为工矿生产空间、农业生产空间和城镇生活空间,2000—2018年新增国土总面积为1980—2000年的3.42倍,其中农村和城镇生活空间分别增长至4.29倍和2.65倍;城镇生活空间落势图谱面积均偏低,而农村生活空间萎缩面积持续增长、生态空间迅速萎缩。     

秸秆旋埋还田后空间分布效果仿真与试验

对传统旋耕机(TR)、秸秆旋埋还田机(SR)和深松+秸秆旋埋还田机(SSR)进行了秸秆还田离散元仿真和田间试验对比。通过设计的秸秆三维坐标测量装置对秸秆在土壤中的空间坐标进行了测量,并在三维绘图软件中还原了秸秆在土壤中的空间状态,及秸秆在三维图中量化及可视化显示。对取样立方体进行分层、横向及纵向划分等探究了秸秆在土壤中垂直分布及水平分布的均匀性。利用离散元软件建立了相应的仿真模型,并与田间试验设定了相同的作业参数,在仿真作业完成后,通过设置不同尺寸的Geometry Bin计算区域内秸秆数量,并分别对应实际田间作业的分层、横向和纵向划分。在分层处理中,仿真与实测结果表明,SR和SSR埋入土壤中的秸秆量都明显大于TR,尤其是埋入土壤下层的秸秆量均是TR的数倍。TR、SR和SSR作业后各层秸秆占比仿真值和实测值的变异系数均呈递减趋势,其中SSR的变异系数最小,分别为28. 8%和28. 7%。3种耕作装备下仿真值与实测值的变异系数相差不大,平均误差为9. 6%。横向和纵向划分中,TR、SR和SSR的各区域秸秆占比仿真值和实测值的变异系数无绝对规律,SSR的变异系数均最小。离散元仿真和田间试验结果表明,SSR秸秆还田后,秸秆在土壤中垂直分布和水平分布的均匀性均最优。离散元仿真较好地拟合了实际田间作业后秸秆的空间分布状态,相对误差在可接受范围内。     

Review on the roles and effects of growing media on plant performance in green roofs in world climates

Growing media (substrate) is a fundamental part of a green roof, providing water, nutrients and support to plants. However, little research has reviewed how it affects plant performances in different climatic regions. This study aims to analyse published research on green roof growing medium across world’s climate zones. Findings are structured according to Köppen–Geiger climate classification, aiming to investigate the prevalence of research conducted in different climate zones. Results from full-scale studies and laboratory or greenhouse experiments were reviewed. The later were included as they provide systematic knowledge on the effect of individual factors on system performances although cannot provide climate specific information. Studies discussed effects of major substrate components and depths on plant survival and establishment using standard test procedures. Results showed that most research in the subject were in temperate (group C climate classification), continental (group D) and dry climates (group B), respectively. Considerable number of investigations was conducted in controlled laboratory or greenhouse environments. Based on the results, future green roof research and guidelines should consider climate specifications of the region in designing growing medium, depths and attribute of green roof substrates in order to ensure enhanced plant performance. Especially, for more fragile but less investigated dry climate, considerations should be made to tackle heat fluctuations and drought stress by enhancing water holding capacity and thermal isolation of the substrate. To move forward, sustainable building solutions as a part of future urban forms, climate-adaptive green roof systems should be included into future research, practice and guidelines.     

Whole wheat bread: Effect of bran fractions on dough and end-product quality

Consumption of whole-wheat based products is encouraged due to their important nutritional elements that benefit human health. However, the use of whole-wheat flour is limited because of the poor processing and end-product quality. Bran was postulated as the major problem in whole wheat breadmaking. In this study, four major bran components including lipids, extractable phenolics (EP), hydrolysable phenolics (HP), and fiber were evaluated for their specific functionality in flour, dough and bread baking. The experiment was done by reconstitution approach using the 2⁴ factorial experimental layout. Fiber was identified as a main component to have highly significant (P < 0.05) and negative influence on most breadmaking characteristics. Although HP had positive effect on farinograph stability, it was identified as another main factor that negatively impacted the oven spring and bread loaf volume. Bran oil and EP seemed to be detrimental to most breadmaking characteristics. Overall, statistical analysis indicates that influence of the four bran components are highly complex. The bran components demonstrate multi-way interactions in regards to their influence on dough and bread-making characteristics. Particularly, Fiber appeared to have a high degree of interaction with other bran components and notably influenced the functionality of those components in whole wheat bread-making.     

基于蛋白质组学研究光质对番茄果实挥发性物质的影响机理

以‘Micro-Tom’番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)为试材,种子发芽后30d移入人工气候室,分别进行红/蓝光组合(1:1、3:1、5:1、7:1)处理,以白光处理为对照。在番茄果实绿熟期、转色期、成熟期取样,测定果实挥发性物质含量及蛋白组数据。结果表明,在转色期和成熟期,对番茄风味有积极作用的己醛、反式–2–己烯醛、β–紫罗兰酮、牻牛儿丙酮、6–甲基–5–庚烯–2–酮、2–苯乙醇、愈伤木酚的含量在红/蓝光3︰1组合处理中最高,而对风味有消极作用的水杨酸甲酯的含量较低,并且在成熟期为0。进一步分析了红/蓝光3︰1组合处理与对照相比的差异蛋白,在成熟过程中番茄果实共鉴定到12个与挥发性物质产生有关的差异蛋白,其中8个上调表达,4个下调表达。通过对12个差异蛋白进行mRNA水平的验证发现,只有转色期的苯丙酮酸互变异构酶(MIF)在蛋白质和mRNA水平表达不一致,其他11个蛋白在两个水平表达均一致。