超声波提取茄子皮天然红色素工艺研究

通过单因素试验确定了提取溶剂种类、提取剂浓度、料液比、提取温度、浸提时间及超声波功率的适用范围,再利用正交试验法进行工艺优化,得出超声波提取茄子皮天然红色素的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明,影响因素主次顺序为：料液比〉提取时间〉提取温度。用酸性无水乙醇溶液超声波提取茄子天然红色素的最佳工艺条件为料液比1：6、浸提温度70℃、浸提时间30min、功率160W。     

莲衣粉多酚提取工艺优化及体外抗氧化活性研究

为探究酸性乙醇溶液(乙酸+乙醇+水)提取莲衣粉(LSPW)多酚的最佳工艺,明确莲衣粉多酚提取物(PEL)作为天然食品抗氧化剂的应用潜力,本研究在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面分析法优化莲衣粉多酚的提取工艺,并对PEL进行体外抗氧化研究。结果表明,莲衣粉多酚的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度41%、液料比59 mL·g^-1、乙酸添加量1.56 mL·100mL^-1、提取温度70℃、提取时间20 min。在此条件下,莲衣粉多酚得率达9.65%。PEL的多酚含量达24.03%,且其具有较强的清除DPPH自由基(IC₅₀=0.032 mg·mL^-1)、还原Fe³⁺(eq=268.64 mg AAE·g^-1)的能力,抑制脂质氧化能力分别相当于叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、叔丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)的37.12%、39.20%(硫氰酸铁法)与72.92%、67.60%(硫代巴比妥酸法)。本研究为莲衣粉多酚的开发利用及PEL作为潜在的天然食品抗氧化剂提供了理论基础。     

桔皮中提取橙皮苷方法的研究

研究了从桔皮中提取橙皮苷的一种新方法。优化条件是：按干拮皮与９５％乙醇质量比１：２０投料,在５０℃下浸提３次,每次４ｈ,总浸提效率达５．３７％。     

杧果皮不同萃取物抑菌活性初探

采用95%乙醇或95%甲醇粗提,乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷再提,以抑制菌丝生长速率法测定了杧果皮萃取物对水稻纹枯病菌、小麦纹枯病菌和小麦赤霉病菌等10种病原菌的生物活性。结果表明:95%甲醇提取的萃取物比95%乙醇提取的萃取物对病菌的抑制率高,二氯甲烷萃取物又比乙酸乙酯萃取物的抑制率高;丙酮做溶媒比用无菌水做溶媒对病菌的抑制率高,但其本身对某些菌种的生长有一定程度的影响;95%甲醇提取的二氯甲烷萃取物对小麦赤霉病菌的毒力最强,EC50值为0.005741g/mL,95%乙醇提取的乙酸乙酯萃取物对水稻纹枯的毒力最低,EC50值为0.046160g/mL。     

正交试验法优化橘皮色素的超声提取工艺研究

[目的]为提高柑橘附加值,用正交试验法优化橘皮黄色素的提取工艺。[方法]采用单因素试验研究超声波乙醇提取橘皮黄色素的工艺,并采用正交试验确定最佳提取工艺。[结果]试验得出的橘皮色素超声提取的最佳工艺是:提取溶剂70%乙醇,料液比1∶10g/m L,提取温度80℃,超声时间为30 min,超声波功率为200 W。[结论]研究可为橘皮提取色素提供理论依据,为橘皮的综合开发利用提供参考。     

香蕉皮脂肪酸的提取及GC-MS分析

为了给香蕉皮变废为宝加以更广泛利用提供科学依据,以提取过挥发油后的香蕉皮为材料,利用索氏提取法提取脂肪酸。并利用气相色谱质谱联用法鉴定出了21种成分及各种成分的相对含量。结果表明,香蕉皮脂肪酸中十六碳酸(Hexadecanoic acid)的含量最高,为45.90%,2种必需脂肪酸a-亚麻酸((Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid)和亚油酸((Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid)的含量分别为20.75%和19.56%。     

橙子皮对鸡蛋蛋黄氧化稳定性的改善作用

文章旨在探讨饲粮中添加橙子皮对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄抗氧化能力的影响。试验选择378只产蛋鸡,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复42只鸡(分别饲养在126个重复鸡笼中,每笼饲养3只母鸡),其中对照组饲喂无橙子皮的基础日粮,试验1组饲喂含9%橙子皮的日粮,试验2组饲喂基础日粮添加0.8g/kg橙皮素和0.005g柚皮苷,3组试验日粮为等氮、等能量日粮,试验共开展30d。试验结束后测定鸡蛋的氧化稳定性,以每克蛋黄中丙二醛(ng)的含量表示,并测定蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质参数。结果发现,与对照组相比,添加橙子皮的饲粮对新鲜和贮藏30d和90d鸡蛋的氧化稳定性均有改善(P<0.05)。蛋鸡饲喂橙子皮日粮10d显著提高蛋黄氧化稳定性(P<0.05),延长鸡蛋货架期。与对照组和橙皮素组相比,日粮添加橙子皮显著降低蛋鸡采食量和产蛋率(P<0.05),显著提高料蛋比(P<0.05),采食量的降低可能是由于橙子皮适口性较差,不仅对产蛋性能产生负面影响,还会导致蛋品质参数降低。与对照组相比,用橙子皮饲喂蛋鸡产出的鸡蛋更轻,蛋壳百分比、厚度和强度更低,蛋黄颜色变浅(P<0.05)。综上所述,蛋鸡日粮添加9%橙子皮可显著提高鸡蛋新鲜度和贮藏氧化稳定性,但对蛋鸡的产蛋性能和蛋品质有一定负面影响,这种不利影响是由于适口性差使采食量降低,导致营养供应不足。     

Antioxidant Potential,Physico-chemical,and Sensory Attributes of Cookies Supplemented with Mosambi Peel Extract

The core objective of the present investigation was to isolate and quantify antioxidants from mosambi (sweet orange) peel. In the proposed research, different solvents were used for the extraction of antioxidants from mosambi peel. Among these solvents, ethanol resulted in better antioxidant yield compared to aqueous extract. Ethanolic extract of mosambi peel showed higher total phenolic contents (19.3 ± 0.3 mg/g) as compared to aqueous extracts (18.2 ± 0.04 mg/g). Considering the safety health concern, aqueous extract of mosambi peel was incorporated in cookies at different concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%, and further subjected to physico-chemical and sensory attributes. Proximate composition (moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and niitrogen-free extract (NFE) contents) of fortified cookies varied non-significantly. However, sensory evaluation rated aqueous extract of mosambi peel (2%) with better hedonic response. Mosambi peel antioxidants have a great potential to be used in various functional foods and the ability to improve storage stability.     

糙米粉和柑橘皮粉的复配添加对牛肉饼品质的影响

通过单因素和复配试验,研究糙米粉和柑橘皮粉复配对牛肉饼品质的影响。将糙米粉（0%、1%、2%和3%）和柑橘皮粉（0%、1%、2%、3%和4%）分别添加到牛肉饼中,通过产品得率、颜色（L*、a*、b*）、质构（弹性、黏聚和回复性）等指标的测定,并结合感官评价,筛选出糙米粉和柑橘皮粉的适合添加量,分别为2%和3%,在此添加量下的牛肉饼与空白对照组相比均有最大的产品得率、最佳的质构特性以及最好的感官评分（P < 0.05）。再利用复配试验优化出糙米粉和柑橘皮粉的最适复合配比,结果表明糙米粉和柑橘皮粉的最适复配比例为：糙米粉1.5%,柑橘皮粉3.5%,在此配比下加工的牛肉饼具有良好的产品得率（92.73%）和感官评分。同时低场核磁弛豫时间（T₂）结果显示,此配比下的牛肉饼水分结合最牢固,保水性最好。     

Dietary sour lemon (Citrus limon) peel essential oil supplementation for reduction of deltamethrin‐induced stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary effects of using essential oil from sour lemon peel (Citrus limon) on growth performance, carcass composition, blood and serum parameters, and liver enzymes of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to deltamethrin (DMN) pesticide. Treatments with no lemon peel essential oil (LPEO) and without DMN (control), as well as four treatments with 10% of 96‐h lethal concentration of DMN were prepared with dietary supplementation of LPEO (zero, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg). Trout juveniles (95.12 ± 0.53 g) were randomly allocated to the treatments (each with three replicates). The results showed that dietary LPEO inclusion improved fish growth parameters in the DMN‐containing treatments. The highest fat content was found in zero LPEO treatment with no DMN while it was lowest in DMN treatments containing 400 and 600 mg/kg of LPEO. Carcass protein content was the highest in DMN treatment with 400 mg/kg of LPEO. Blood and serum biochemical parameters showed statistical differences between no LPEO treatment with DMN exposure and those detected in the control fish (p < .05). Overall, the results indicate that dietary inclusion of LPEO at 400 mg/kg level can decrease some negative effects of DMN exposure.