医学图像精细化分割方法研究

指出了深度学习方法在医学图像分割中取得较大的进展,但医学图像处理的复杂性使得全自动分割方法难以取得较好的分割效果。在卷积网络分割的基础上,结合应用场景使用适当的后处理手段来提升图像的分割效果是一种比较有临床意义的研究方法。主要研究了基于概率图的全连接条件随机场模型和基于用户交互的深度编辑网络,并分析总结了这两种方法的实现原理和各自优势,并对未来的研究工作进行了一些展望。     

脾虚证大鼠肝脏组织的病理变化

观察脾虚证模型大鼠肝脏组织病理学变化,探讨脾虚证中肝脏组织病理学变化与脾虚证时肝脏功能障碍间的联系。利血平复制大鼠脾虚证模型,运用组织病理学研究方法,从不同方面观察研究肝脏组织病理学变化。在研究中发现,脾虚证模型大鼠肝脏组织中出现淤血,细胞变性,萎缩,炎性细胞浸润等病理变化,而且肝脏组织中糖原储存量显著减少,门管区胶原纤维增生,细胞中酸性磷酸酶活性升高,透射电镜观察发现细胞质中蓄积大量的次级溶酶体,细胞核出现皱缩,细胞体积减小,线粒体肿胀。脾虚证中肝脏组织发生多种组织病理学变化,很有可能是引起脾虚证肝功能障碍的原因。     

一例海豚误闯防鲨网窒息致死的典型案例分析

2009年2月1日,在珠海市三灶海滩上发现一头搁浅死亡的中华白海豚（ZH—SC-24）。该样本为青年雄性海豚,体格健壮。经过初步观察,在肺部发现一些白色结节,在上颚基部及颈部均有明显勒痕。肺部充满大量泡沫状血液,右心室内发现大块凝血。除此外尚未发现其它明显病变。综合病理解剖与搁浅现场调查结果,推测该海豚为误闯防鲨网窒息致死。     

雄蚕益肾方对迟发性性腺功能低下症大鼠睾丸组织病理变化与超微结构的影响

目的 探讨雄蚕益肾方对迟发性性腺功能低下症（late-onset hypogonadism,LOH）大鼠睾丸组织病理变化和超微结构的影响。方法 采用"退役种鼠（40周龄）+复合情志刺激+孤养"方法,建立LOH大鼠模型,随机分为模型组、睾酮组、雄蚕益肾方组（雄蚕组）,另设立正常对照组（8周龄）,药物干预4周,末次给药后24 h处死动物,检测血清睾酮水平、睾丸指数,分别以光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察睾丸组织的病理变化与超微结构。结果 模型组、睾酮组、雄蚕组之间睾丸指数比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,LOH大鼠睾丸组织出现曲细精管结构紊乱,精子大量减少,睾丸间质变少等病理变化以及线粒体数量明显减少,大量线粒体水肿等超微结构改变,雄蚕组病理变化和超微结构均得到改善。结论 LOH大鼠可出现睾丸组织器官水平和细胞水平的病理变化及超微结构改变,雄蚕益肾方可能能通过改善其病理变化和睾丸间质细胞超微结构而发挥作用。     

一种基于航空可见光图像的烟草数量统计方法

传统烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)数量清点工作主要依靠人工现场抽样的方式,这种方法费时、费力且统计误差较大。针对这一缺点,提出一种基于航空可见光图像处理的烟草数量统计方法。利用无人机所获取的高分辨率影像,采用K-means聚类方法对烟田图像进行图像分割分类,提取图像中绿色植物部分,提取颜色、面积、长宽比等简单特征对杂草进行预剔除,通过构建烟株与杂草样本库,利用灰度梯度共生矩阵,提取其灰度平均、梯度均方差、相关、惯性等4种特征参量,并基于BP神经网络算法进一步对杂草进行识别,剔除杂草,统计烟株,提取连通域数量,即为烟株数量。     

改进YOLOv5s对病理学图像中猪只小肠绒毛的检测

为解决传统小肠绒毛需要专业人员手动检测耗时耗力且存在主观性和不稳定性等问题,同时提高在复杂病理学图像中小肠绒毛检测的准确率和效率,该研究提出基于改进YOLOv5s检测复杂病理学图像下猪只小肠绒毛的方法。首先,采用串联形式的混合池化对空间金字塔进行优化,增强特征提取与特征表达,提升检测精度;然后引入一种基于注意力机制的网络模块(simpleattentionmechanism,SimAM)与Bottleneck中的残差连接相结合,使用SimAM对Bottleneck中的特征图进行加权,得到加权后的特征表示,利用注意力机制加强模型对目标的感知。试验结果表明,该研究算法的平均精度（average precision）和每秒传输帧数（frame per second,FPS）达到92.43%和40帧/s。改进后的YOLOv5s在召回率和平均精度上相较改进前提高2.49和4.62个百分点,在不增加模型参数量的情况下,每帧图片的推理时间缩短1.04 ms。与经典的目标检测算法SSD、Faster R-CNN、YOLOv6s、YOLOX相比,平均精度分别提高15.16、10.56、2.03和4.07...     

寻路算法在中文金融机构名匹配中的应用

《岳阳楼记》对韩国岳阳楼题诗的影响，主要体现在其体现的以天下为己任的儒家社会责任感。通过对韩国岳阳楼题诗中意象的统计学分析，我们还看到了《岳阳楼记》在文本营建层面对题诗的影响及其流变。     

Social effects on crowding preferences of urban forest visitors

An image-based stated choice approach was used to investigate the conditions determining why visitors to an urban forest in Vienna feel crowded or not. Respondents (N=213) evaluated several sets of images depicting trail use scenarios with different levels of social crowding conditions and several types of social interferences. Forest users were segmented into three groups based on their global evaluations of use levels during weekends and work days, resulting in a crowding-averse, a crowding-tolerant, and a crowding-indifferent segment. Crowding-averse respondents reacted much more negatively to scenarios with high-use levels, heterogeneous trail use conditions, and violations of personal minimum spatial requirements caused by the presence of others. This user group felt overcrowded because social conditions experienced in the area interfered with their main visiting goals, especially to walk with their dog unleashed and to recreate. By contrast, crowding-tolerant respondents disliked very low-use and high-use situations, and preferred a certain amount of social stimulation in the form of some encounters, and more heterogeneous trail use conditions.     

Experimental Pathological Study of Acute African Swine Fever

To study the clinicopathology and histopathology of African swine fever (ASF), and to explore the internal relationship between pathological changes and disease occurrence and development and its pathological mechanism, 13 Landrace pigs with bodyweight about 20 kg were intramuscular injected with African swine fever virus (ASFV), strain Pig/HLJ/18 at a dose of 10²HAD₅₀·mL^-1. During the experiment, all the dead pigs were systematically dissected and sampled, paraffin sections were produced, and haematoxylin-eosin staining was performed. Clinicopathological evaluation standards for acute ASF were established, then pathological lesions (classification variables) were expressed by counting frequency and percentage, and the lesion degree (continuous variables) was graded and scored according to different pathological changes of various tissues and organs. The results showed that all infected pigs were in line with the clinical characteristics of ASF, including acute, febrile and highly infectious, with a 100% incidence rate and 100% mortality. The dead pigs showed typical characteristics of septicemia, cadavers prone to corruption, blood clotting adverse or hemolysis, rigor mortis incomplete. The main pathological lesions were hemorrhagic necrotizing lymphadenitis, acute inflammatory splenomegaly (septic spleen), cerebral edema, pulmonary edema and lung consolidation et al. The spleen and lymphonodus are the target organs attacked by ASFV, with the most significant lesions, the earliest occurrence time, the longest duration and the highest frequency. The most prominent pathological changes are blood circulation disorders, including multiple pathological manifestations such as edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, infarction, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and the most important characteristics are hemorrhagic lesions. The inflammatory reaction of lymphocytic exudation caused by ASFV runs through the whole process, especially in the middle and later stages of the course. The results suggest that the main pathological process of acute African swine fever is a typical immune/inflammatory cascade reaction and severe systemic blood circulation disorder, which resulted in the high incidence rate and high mortality rate of acute ASF.     

猪链球菌病及其疫苗研究进展

猪链球菌病(Swine streptococosis)是由多种不同血清群的致病性链球菌引起的一种疾病总称.近年来猪链球菌病在我国已广泛流行,特别是C群兽疫链球菌(现称马链球茵兽疫亚种)病,严重影响着我国的养殖业,造成了很大的经济损失.文章主要从其病原学、流行病学、毒力因子、病理变化、疫苗的研究进展做了系统的阐述,为该病的深入研究提供参考.