大鼠感染微小隐孢子虫后肝、脾和胰腺的病理学变化

60只SPF级SD大鼠随机分成地塞米松免疫抑制感染组和对照组（n=30）,免疫抑制感染组大鼠一次接种1×106个/L微小隐孢子虫卵囊液1mL,空白对照组接种1mL灭菌生理盐水。于试验结束后宰杀大鼠,立即解剖取肝脏、脾和胰腺,Bouin液固定,常规石蜡切片,HE染色,奥林巴斯显微摄影系统观察并显微摄影。结果显示：感染组大鼠肝脏组织肝小叶分界不明显,中央静脉淤血水肿,没有清晰的肝细胞索和肝血窦,呈空泡样病变;肝细胞广泛水泡变性和气球样变,肝血窦充血,肝小叶内有大的纤维性坏死灶。隐孢子虫感染可引起脾脏的脾小结体积变小,边缘区变薄,动脉周围淋巴鞘变薄,脾索变得狭窄、紧缩,脾窦内充血。试验组大鼠的胰腺组织胰岛缩小;内分泌细胞构成的卵圆形细胞团内毛细血管萎缩;胰岛细胞排列紊乱;腺泡细胞溶解变性。     

赭曲霉毒素的毒理学试验

用含2.569mg/kg赭曲霉毒素A (Ochratoxin A.以下称OA)的饲料,对40日龄左右的星波罗肉用鸡进行了饲喂试验试验鸡表现为精神沉郁,食欲不振、肠炎、贫血、极度消瘦等症状,于喂后13～18天,先后衰竭死亡,剖检发现肾、肝和肠道等都有明显的病理变化。经用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)测定,肾脏,肝脏内OA的残留量分别为0.179mg/kg和0.1302mg kg。用从饲料中提纯的OA对孵化5日龄的鸡胚进行了气室内接种。根据接毒后记录的鸡胚死亡数和死亡率。计算出半数致死量为0.128μg。     

急性非洲猪瘟的实验病理学研究

旨在通过对非洲猪瘟临床病理学和组织病理学的研究,探讨病理学变化与疾病发生发展的内在关系及其病理机制。选用体重20 kg左右的长白猪13头,肌内注射非洲猪瘟病毒毒株Pig/HLJ/18,剂量10²HAD₅₀·mL^-1。试验期间的死亡猪,全部进行系统剖检和取材,制备石蜡切片,苏木素伊红染色。建立病理学评价标准,病变（无序分类变量）用频率和百分比表示,病变程度（有序分类变量）按各组织器官的不同病变进行分级和评分。结果表明,发病猪符合非洲猪瘟急性、热性、高传染性等临床特征,发病率100%,病死率100%。病死猪表现败血症典型特征,尸体易腐败,血凝不良或溶血,尸僵不全。主要病理损伤为出血性坏死性淋巴结炎、急性炎性脾肿（败血脾）、脑水肿、肺水肿和肺实变等。脾和淋巴结是非洲猪瘟病毒攻击的靶器官,病变最为显著,出现时间最早,持续时间最长,发生频率最高。病理变化以血液循环障碍尤为突出,包括水肿、充血、淤血、出血、梗死和弥散性血管内凝血等多种病理表现,出血性病变为其最主要的特征。非洲猪瘟病毒引发的以淋巴细胞渗出为主的炎症反应贯穿始终,在病程的中后期表现更为明显。结果提示,急性非洲猪瘟的主要病理过程为典型的免疫/炎症级联反应和严重的全身血液循环障碍,共同导致急性非洲猪瘟的高发病率和高死亡率。     

一只野生大熊猫死亡的病理学诊断

对一只死亡的野生雌性大熊猫进行了系统的病理学检查。主要病变：右侧下颌有一洞创深达皮下结缔组织；咽部食道与颈椎间有一形态不规则的大脓肿，颈下结缔组织中散布多个小脓肿，脓液灰白糊状；颌下、肺门等处淋巴结肿大化脓；右后肢腓骨和右侧第９，１０肋骨呈未愈合陈旧性骨折；肝门区有两个已钙化脓肿，肝细胞及间质局灶性变性坏死，少量炎细胞浸润；化脓性支气管肺炎，颈下皮下蜂窝织炎；多种组织器官内可见球菌样物质和微血栓。病理学诊断为脓毒败血性休克。     

基于Level Set方法的木材细胞显微图像分割

为解决木材细胞纤维图像分割中的某些图像分割不连续的现象,引入了基于形变模型(DeformableModels)的水平集(LevelSet)方法对木材细胞图像进行分割,并用Matlab实现了基于该形变模型的窄带(NarrowBand)快速算法。对针叶材和阔叶材的显微图片进行仿真试验表明,该方法适合于对具有分支、突触以及拓扑结构变化的木材细胞图像进行快速精确分割,不但具有全局优化的能力,而且可以检测出模糊或离散状边界,对噪声也有一定的鲁棒性。     

对虾耶尔森氏菌病病原及血淋巴生理指标研究

自山东省寿光市海产公司对虾养殖场病虾体内分离出３种不同菌落的细菌。其中，９４０１菌能造成对虾死亡，经鉴定为鲁克氏耶尔森氏菌，能引起对虾血淋巴中总蛋白等发生病理变化。该菌对卡那霉素、新霉素等有较强的敏感性；对青霉素、苯唑青霉素等不敏感。     

LANDSAT IMAGES REVEAL TRENDS IN THE AEOLIAN DESERTIFICATION IN A SOURCE AREA FOR SAND AND DUST STORMS IN CHINA'S ALASHAN PLATEAU (1975–2007)

The development and reversal of aeolian desertification have been widely recognised as the dominant causes of changes in the source areas of dust storms. The Alashan Plateau, which is near China's Hexi Corridor, is one of the major dust storm source regions in northern China. To investigate the relationship between climatic and anthropogenic factors and the development of aeolian desertification, we reconstructed the temporal and spatial evolution of aeolian desertification and the underlying processes from 1975 to 2007 using Landsat images and analysed the driving forces. The results show that aeolian desertified land in the study area covered 32 847·79 km² in 2007, amounting to 11·3 per cent of the total area, with an initial period of desertification expansion from 1975 to 2000 and a reversal of desertification from 2000 to 2007. On the basis of the analysis of effects of climate changes and human activities in the region, aeolian desertification was principally driven by human activities in this area; climatic variations had little effect on the area of severe desertification. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

近20年厦门市土地利用动态变化及预测

基于RS与GIS技术,提取1994,2000,2006和2013年4期遥感影像土地利用信息,利用土地利用转移矩阵、动态度模型、概率转移矩阵及马尔可夫模型,研究了近20 a厦门市土地利用动态变化特征,并预测其未来10 a的土地利用变化趋势。结果表明,近20 a厦门市土地利用变化速度前期较快,后期趋缓,变化面积高达46.75%;土地利用变化的总体特征与建设海峡西岸经济区龙头及加强海洋经济的城市发展战略相符;建设用地变化仍为该区域未来10 a土地利用变化的主导类型,需加强对耕地和林地的保护以促进土地利用可持续性发展。     

嗜水气单胞菌ZN1攻击鳗鲡后的组织病理观察

采用1/2半致死剂量的嗜水气单胞菌ZN1对鳗鲡进行腹腔注射,在第0 d、1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d、21 d采集鳗鲡肝、脾、肾、肠,观察鳗鲡经嗜水气单胞菌活菌攻击后各脏器的组织病理变化及脏器的损伤修复情况。结果显示,嗜水气单胞菌活菌ZN1攻击后鳗鲡肝、肾、脾、肠等组织细胞均出现程度不同的病变,且持续时间长达14 d以上,同时血液中的血栓细胞急剧减少,甚至全部消失。上述结果表明嗜水气单胞菌攻击后可引发鳗鲡各脏器发生明显的病理变化,并提示在病原菌攻击引起鳗鲡血栓细胞的减少并恢复缓慢可能是嗜水气单胞菌导致宿主产生败血症状的重要病理机制。     

Comparison of illuminations to identify wheat classes using monochrome images

Wheat class identification using machine vision is an objective method which can be used for online testing to automate handling, binning and shipping operations in grain industry. The efficiencies of a monochrome camera-based vision system with three different illuminations (incandescent light (IL), fluorescent ring light (FRL), fluorescent tube light (FTL)) were determined to identify eight western Canadian wheat classes at four moisture levels (11%, 14%, 17% and 20%). The monochrome images of the bulk wheat samples were acquired at each moisture level (3 illuminations × 8 classes × 4 moisture contents × 100 replications = 9600 images). A linear discriminant function was used for the classification of wheat samples using 32 gray level textural features extracted from the monochrome images. The mean gray values of the wheat classes were in the ranges of 75–103, 73–115, and 107–143 for IL, FRL and FTL, respectively. The mean gray values of wheat classes were significantly different within each illumination and between different illuminations (α = 0.05). Mean gray value was the highest for FTL and the lowest for IL illumination. The moisture content of the wheat samples had significant effect on the mean gray values. The overall classification accuracies were 90%, 81% and 96% for IL, FRL and FTL, respectively, when all the wheat classes were at the same moisture levels. It was 66%, 53% and 85% for IL, FRL and FTL, respectively, when the wheat classes were at different moisture levels. The classification accuracies of a 2-stage classification system for the classes with different moisture levels were 68%, 56% and 90% for IL, FRL and FTL, respectively.