黄松甸黑木耳产业的现状与展望

以《食用菌生产技术》课程内容为理论指导,结合2005～2007年来的“三下乡”社会实践经验,阐述了吉林省蛟河市黄松甸镇黑木耳发展的现状,并针对目前生产中存在的问题提出一些合理化的建议,旨在指导吉林省黑木耳产业持续健康发展。     

AFLP技术及其在植物和病原真菌研究中的应用

综述了AFLP分子标记技术的基本原理、方法及其在植物和病原真菌研究中的应用现状,并探讨了其中存在的一些问题。     

稻瘟病菌继代培养中遗传稳定性研究

结合苗圃鉴定和ＲＡＰＤ分析,研究了稻瘟病菌继代培养过程中遗传的稳定性。结果表明,在继代培养过程中,强致病菌ＤＮＡ水平上变化较大,其致病性的变异也相当大,而弱致病菌ＤＮＡ水平上的变化较小,其致病性也无明显变异,说明强致病菌较弱致病菌更不稳定,其毒力在继代过程中有逐渐弱化的趋势,ＤＮＡ水平上的变化在一定程度上也反映了这种变异。     

尾叶桉混合菌根营养生理研究

桉树是具有混合菌根（ＥＣＭ和ＶＡＭ）的树种,关于混合菌根营养生理的研究,国内外均未见报道。本文在菌圃接种试验的基础上,研究了尾叶桉苗混合接种ＥＣＭ菌彩色豆马勃和ＶＡＭ菌苏格兰球囊霉对宿主营养生理的影响。结果表明,尾叶桉苗期混合拉种菌根真菌后,对苗木根系营养生理产生了较大的影响。菌根接种有显著提高苗木的根系活力,中混合接种方式分别比未拉种对照苗提高了３１．９０％和２８．６９％,并好一两种单接种处理,     

REMI (Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration) and its Impact on the Isolation of Pathogenicity Genes in Fungi Attacking Plants

Development of molecular techniques for phytopathogenic fungi aims at the identification of fungal genes whose products are essential for successful infection of the host plant. Initial approaches have relied on isolating candidate genes and generating null-mutations by homologous recombination. Unfortunately, the results of this strategy have not been overly successful. This has led to a search for alternatives which allow an unbiased identification of pathogenicity genes. One method, which has proved successful in several systems, is a tagging mutagenesis procedure termed restriction enzyme mediated integration (REMI). In this mini-review we describe this procedure and review its features and results of its use when applied to the identification of fungal genes required for disease development in planta.     

蛭弧菌(类群)研究现状及最新进展

<正>在水产养殖业,抗生素等化学药物的使用不但会导致耐药菌株产生及药物残留[1],引发水产食品安全问题,而且也可因破坏水体、养殖生物肠道菌群结构而进一步加剧菌群的失衡,有益菌减少乃至消失,有害菌迅猛增加,如此,更加恶化养殖生物健康。也正因此,目前水产养殖业界的共识是生态养     

水产品中4种常见致病菌多重PCR检测方法的建立及评价

根据金黄色葡萄球菌的耐热核酸酶基因nuc、沙门氏菌的侵袭蛋白基因invA、志贺氏菌的侵染性质粒抗原H基因ipaH和副溶血性弧菌的毒力表达调控基因toxR设计引物,建立一种快速检测水产品中上述4种常见食源性致病菌的多重PCR方法。结果显示,沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌及副溶血性弧菌的多重PCR扩增片段产物大小分别为549、426、348和243 bp,该检测方法具有良好的特异性和灵敏度。设计优化了可用于水产样品中4种目标致病菌的共增菌培养基,该方法应用于35份实际水产样品的检测,并与国标方法对比验证,4种致病菌的整体符合率达94%以上,两种检测方法无显著性差异(P>0.05)。可见,该多重PCR方法可应用于水产品中沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌及志贺氏菌4种食源性致病菌的快速检测和分子流行病学调查。     

泰安郊区小麦田蚜虫两类天敌发生与流行的初步研究

对泰安郊区小麦田蚜虫病原真菌和寄生蜂的发生情况进行了2年的调查,探讨了两类天敌的发生与气候因子和生物因素的关系。结果显示:麦蚜真菌病的发生水平与温度和降雨量成显著的正相关关系,与蚜虫密度成极显著的负相关。寄生蜂的寄生率与温度成极显著的正相关,而与蚜虫密度、相对湿度和降雨量均成显著的负相关。定量地描述了感菌有翅蚜在整个真菌病发生期间所发挥的作用。     

Cyclopeptide Derivatives from the Sponge-Derived Fungus Acremonium persicinum F10

Cyclopeptides usually play a pivotal role, either in the viability or virulence of fungi. Two types of cyclopeptides, six new hydroxamate siderophore cyclohexapeptides (1–6), including acremonpeptides E and F, and their complexes with aluminum and ferric ions; one new cyclic pentapeptolide, aselacin D (9); together with a known compound, aselacin C (10), were isolated and characterized from the sponge-derived fungus Acremonium persicinum F10. In addition, two new siderophore analogues chelating gallium ions (Ga³⁺), Ga (III)-acremonpeptide E (7) and Ga (III)-acremonpeptide F (8), using isolated acremonpeptides E and F, were prepared. The planar structures of 1–10 were elucidated by HRESIMS and (1D and 2D) NMR. The absolute configurations of amino acids were determined by means of the advanced Marfey’s method and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was performed to disclose the elements of compound 1, indicating the existence of aluminum (Al). Al (III)-acremonpeptides E (1), Ga (III)-acremonpeptides E (5), Al (III)-acremonpeptide F (7), and Ga (III)-acremonpeptide F (8) displayed high in vitro anti-fungal activities, which are comparable to amphotericin B, against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger.     

Mono- and Dimeric Xanthones with Anti-Glioma and Anti-Inflammatory Activities from the Ascidian-Derived Fungus Diaporthe sp. SYSU-MS4722

Seven new xanthones, diaporthones A−G (1−7), together with 13 known analogues, including five mono- (8−14) and six dimeric xanthones (15−20), were obtained from the ascidian-derived fungus Diaporthe sp. SYSU-MS4722. Their planar structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS). The absolute configurations of 1−7 were clearly identified by X-ray crystallographic analysis and calculation of the ECD Spectra. Compounds 15−20 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity with IC₅₀ values between 6.3 and 8.0 μM. In addition, dimeric xanthones (15−20) showed selective cytotoxicity against T98G cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 19.5 to 78.0 μM.