再生聚丙烯与木刨花复合材料的密度和木塑比对复合材料主要性能的影响

研究了用异氰酸酯树脂为胶粘剂,木材刨花与回收聚丙烯为主要材料的复合材料的主要力学性能和尺寸稳定性。结果表明,密度对复合材料的性能有很大的影响,密度越大,力学强度越高,吸水厚度膨胀率基本越低;木塑配比对复合材料的力学性能有一定的影响,力学性能均随着配比的增加呈现不同程度的下降趋势;配比对吸水厚度膨胀率影响明显,配比越大,吸水厚度膨胀率越低,且密度大时,影响就越显著。     

基于粒子群算法和SDAE的采棉头故障诊断研究

针对采棉头故障诊断和故障预警缺失的问题,提出基于粒子群优化算法(PSO)优化堆叠降噪自编码器(SDAE)的采棉头故障诊断方法。将采棉滚筒转速与采棉头输入转速比和采棉头液压驱动压力作为输入,利用PSO算法对SDAE网络的超参数进行自适应选取,确定网络结构,然后将预处理后的数据输入PSO-SDAE网络进行深度特征提取,经过前向传播和反向微调,得到采棉头故障诊断模型。通过采棉头堵塞故障模拟试验对算法进行验证,试验结果表明：PSO-SDAE网络诊断方法在特征有效提取、故障诊断准确率方面均优于SDAE网络、支持向量机(SVM)、反向传播神经网络(BPNN)以及深度置信网络(DBN),可用于采棉头故障诊断和故障预警。     

民勤白刺灌丛沙堆演替过程中土壤粒径分形特征

通过野外采样与室内分析相结合,研究白刺灌丛沙堆在演替过程中土壤粒度与分形维数特征,分形维数与土壤粒级及土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明:1）民勤不同演替阶段白刺灌丛沙堆土壤均以细砂（46.71%～64.06%）为主;土壤分形维数变化为1.665～2.242,在白刺灌丛沙堆演替过程中分形维数呈现先升高后降低的趋势,衰退阶段达到最大值。2）分形维数与黏粒、粉粒、极细砂呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与中砂呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）,说明黏粉粒、极细砂含量越多,土壤分形维数越高。3）分形维数与有机质、全氮含量呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与速效磷含量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,土壤分形维数可以用来评价土壤的养分状况。研究结果可为荒漠灌丛发挥防风固沙和土壤保育功能的定量化评价提供科学依据。     

不同改良措施对沙质土壤颗粒组成及分形特征的影响

【目的】研究不同改良措施下沙质土壤质地变化,为沙化土壤改良提供科学依据。【方法】以新疆南疆典型沙化土壤为研究对象,设置5种不同改良措施(种植燕麦(A₁)、种植油菜+燕麦(A₂)、种植燕麦+油菜秸秆翻耕+生物菌肥(A₃)、种植燕麦+农家肥(A₄)、种植燕麦+农家肥+生物菌肥(A₅)),采用田间试验,分析不同改良措施对沙化土壤颗粒组成分形的影响。【结果】不同改良措施下土壤分形维数D值介于2.35～2.49,与对照相比,随着土层的加深,土壤的细颗粒物质的分形维数值呈增加趋势;土壤颗粒分形维数D值与黏粒呈极显著正相关,与细粉粒呈显著正相关,与砂粒呈显著负相关。【结论】农家肥或绿肥与生物菌肥配合施用,可有效改善沙化土壤的理化性状。     

Modeling the egg and larval transport pathways of the Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) in the East Antarctic region: New insights into successful transport connections

The Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) is an important fishery species widely distributed in the Southern Ocean, especially in areas covered by sea ice. Understanding fish distributions and life cycles, including the transport and survival of eggs and larvae, is essential for the assessment and sustainable management of the fishery. However, owing to difficulties with in situ winter observations, information on the early life stages of D. mawsoni is lacking. Here, we investigated the transport pathways of fish eggs and larvae through a particle tracking study, using satellite-derived ocean surface velocities in the East Antarctic region, which includes important D. mawsoni habitats and exploratory fisheries. Our results indicate that particles released from continental slopes are more likely to be successfully transported to suitable settlement grounds than those released from the BANZARE Bank (the southern region of the Kerguelen Plateau), which is situated further north and has been hypothesized to be a potential spawning ground for D. mawsoni. This study demonstrates successful source–settlement connections in relation to ocean recirculation and suggests important settlement regions for D. mawsoni larvae in the East Antarctic region.     

Immune responses of orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,against virus-like particles of betanodavirus produced in Escherichia coli

Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a serious disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are one of the good novel vaccine candidates to control this disease. Until now, betanodavirus vaccine studies mainly focused on the humoral immune response and mortality after virus challenge. However, little is known about the activation of genes responsible for cellular and innate immunity by vaccines. In the present study, VLPs of orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (OGNNV) were produced in prokaryotes and their ability to enter Asian sea bass cells was the same as native virus, suggesting that they possess a similar structure to OGNNV. VLPs immunogenicity was then determined by intramuscularly vaccinating Epinephelus coioides at different concentrations (1.5 or 15 μg g^?1 fish body weight, FBW) and immunizing frequencies (administration once, twice and thrice). A single vaccination with the dosage of 1.5 μg g^?1 FBW is enough to provoke high titer antibodies (average 3 fold higher than that of negative control) with strong neutralizing antibody titer as early as 1 week post immunization. Furthermore, quantitative PCR analysis revealed that eleven genes associated with humoral, cellular and innate immunities were up-regulated in the liver, spleen and head kidney at 12 h post immunization, correlating with the early antibody response. In conclusion, we demonstrated that VLP vaccination induced humoral immune responses and activated genes associated with cellular and innate immunity against betanodavirus infection in orange-spotted grouper.     

养殖环境细菌微生物气溶胶粒径分布及其健康危害评估

为深入了解畜禽舍环境中气载细菌微生物的空气动力学粒径分布规律,并评估其潜在的健康危害风险,采用Andersen-6级微生物空气采样器以血-琼脂培养基、沙氏培养基和高氏合成1号培养基为采样介质,对鸡舍、猪舍、牛舍环境中空气样品进行系统定点取样、测定及分析。研究结果表明,鸡舍环境中气载需氧菌含量最高,猪舍次之,牛舍最低;空气细菌粒径分布均为第Ⅰ级最高,鸡舍空气粒径呈偏态分布,牛舍、猪舍分别在第Ⅲ级和第Ⅳ级出现第2个峰值。携带细菌可吸入微粒在猪舍环境中比例最大。空气真菌与放线菌均在第Ⅳ级最高,携带真菌和放线菌可吸入粒子的比例显著大于细菌（P<0.05）。鸡舍、猪舍、牛舍空气微生物粒径各级分布比例基本一致。在鸡舍、猪舍、牛舍每天约有6.1×105CFU、4.7×104CFU和3.6×104CFU气载细菌微生物可分别进入人和动物小支气管或直接进入肺泡,从而对人和动物健康构成潜在危害。     

原料粒径及含水率对樟叶颗粒燃料密度及机械耐久性的影响

针对中国南方常见的香樟落叶资源利用率不高的问题,该研究通过试验研究了樟树叶颗粒燃料成型工艺,在用扫描电子显微镜成像法解释了胚料成型机理的理论基础上,通过单因素法分析香樟树叶热压成型过程中原料含水率、原料粒径对成型燃料密度和机械耐久性的影响规律。研究结果表明：燃料密度与机械耐久性呈正相关;随着含水率增加,成型颗粒的密度先增大后减小,机械耐久性持续减小;原料粒径减小后,成型燃料的密度与机械耐久性均有不同程度的增加且数值分布更密集。通过正交试验,验证含水率与粒径间存在对密度与机械耐久性存在显著的交互作用,确定樟树叶颗粒燃料最优压制工艺参数。试验结果表明,在环境温度120 ℃、压强110.14 MPa、保压时间60 s条件下,最优成型密度工艺参数为：含水率：6%、粒径：0.6～1 mm,最优机械耐久性工艺参数为：含水率：3%、粒径：0～0.6 mm。为     

水库消落带土壤颗粒组成分形及其空间分异特征

颗粒组成作为土壤的基本物理特性,对土壤结构、力学性质、肥力特征等均有明显影响。降雨径流、波浪和重力等多重营力作用下的消落带土壤侵蚀过程导致表层土壤颗粒发生了重新分布。为了研究水库消落带土壤颗粒组成的空间分异特征,以三峡水库典型消落带为研究对象,在不同海拔位置分别采集了0—10 cm和10—20 cm层的土壤用于测定颗粒组成,并利用分形理论计算出体积分形维数。结果表明:(1)三峡水库消落带土壤颗粒组成以粉粒为主,占总体积的72.6%～86.5%,且随着海拔的增加而升高; 从不同土层深度来看,0—10 cm层黏粒含量明显低于10—20 cm层。(2)消落带不同海拔位置的土壤体积分形维数具有明显异质性,且与海拔呈正相关(R²=0.74),而在不同土层之间具有弱变异性(C_v<2)。(3)体积分形维数与黏粒、粉粒含量均呈显著正相关(p<0.01),与砂粒含量呈显著负相关(p<0.01),且与黏粒的线性相关性最强。综上,消落带土壤颗粒组成在不同海拔存在较大差异(p<0.01),但在土层深度上无显著差异(p>0.01); 150～160 m海拔区间和0—10 cm层土壤具有明显的粗粒化现象。