空调制冷行业与环保的关系

本文就大气保护制冷行业的关系并从保护臭氧层、大气变暖的角度，论述了空调制冷行业与环保的关系。     

The Role of Recreational Motivation in the Birding Participation–Environmental Concern Relationship

Previous research has generally not found a strong relationship between participation in outdoor recreation and environmental concern. Research has suggested, however, that the motivation underlying recreation can mediate this relationship for some nature-based recreation groups. We hypothesized that the motivation underlying participation in birding mediates the participation–environmental concern relationship. We collected data via mail-back surveys from 529 American Birding Association members. Using structural modeling, we compared a direct effects model with partial and full mediation models with motivation variables as the mediators. The partial mediation model was weakly supported for two out of three motivation variables. Fit indices showed all models to have less than adequate fit. The results suggested that participation may not lead to environmental concern and that other variables, including motivation, may be more influential.     

基于修正A值法的西安市大气环境容量估算

估算西安市大气环境容量,为西安市大气总量控制提供科学依据.应用国标<制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法>(GB/T 13201-91)中规定的以箱模型为基本模型推导出的宏观总量控制A值法.西安市SO2、NO2和PM10大气环境容量分别为11.38、12.04及4.83,单位为104t/a.估算结果表明,SO2和NO2...     

生菜切块充气贮藏条件的研究

用23种不同的充气条件研究生菜切块的贮藏效果,通过感官质量评价和化学分析,观察颜色的变化、褐变程度及维生素C和叶绿素含量的差异,结果表明,采用O_2 20％+CO_240％+N_2 40％的贮藏条件是比较合适的.在上述条件及5℃的情况下,生菜切块的有效贮藏期大约在12～15d之间,这一结果在商业上有一定的实用价值.     

粮食气调储藏技术的优势及应用前景

主要叙述了气调储藏技术的原理、方法、应用于粮食存储的优势,以及我国粮食气调储藏技术研究应用情况、存在不足和今后发展前景,旨在促进这一绿色储粮保鲜技术得到不断完善和更好地推广应用。     

高CO2气调储藏对大米食用品质调控效应的研究

以W45号大米为试材,定量控制储藏环境中的O2和CO2浓度,研究10℃和30℃条件下,高浓度CO2储藏6个月对大米不溶性直链淀粉含量及蒸煮品质的影响。结果表明:在低温10℃、O2浓度8%条件下,高浓度CO2可有效抑制大米不溶性直链淀粉含量的增加,CO2浓度作用效果20%10%2%,其中20%CO2气调储藏大米的不溶性直链淀粉含量与初始值相比仅增加了9.39%,显著低于对照(不充气处理);在高温30℃、O2浓度8%条件下,高浓度CO2调控大米不溶性直链淀粉的效应不显著;在10℃、30℃温度储藏条件下,高CO2处理均可显著提高大米的蒸煮品质,抑制大米的加热吸水率,增加米汤可溶性固形物含量,CO2浓度越高效果越明显,其中20%CO2处理在10℃条件下加热吸水率比对照下降了12.71%,米汤可溶性固形物含量比对照增加了24.56%。     

肉桂精油对气调小包装大鲵分割肉保鲜效果的研究

以人工养殖的子二代大鲵为试材,将大鲵去皮去内脏后预冻至中心温度为0℃,分割成0.8~1.0 cm的肉片,装入PP托盘内,进行充气包装,气体比例为20%N2+10%O2+70%CO2,并分别采用10、20、30、40μL/L肉桂精油进行处理,然后在0℃条件下储藏,定期测定肉样的理化、微生物及感官品质指标,并对肉样新鲜度进行综合评价。结果表明,肉桂精油对大鲵分割肉有较好的保鲜作用,其中,以30μL/L肉桂精油处理对大鲵分割肉的保鲜效果最好,其可保持较低的汁液流失率和挥发性盐基氮含量,抑菌效果较好,且能在一定程度上保持大鲵分割肉的感官品质,延长储藏期至22 d。     

杏鲍菇冷链综合保鲜技术应用

介绍了我国杏鲍菇工厂化栽培现状、销售方式及存在的问题,综述了真空预冷、防雾薄膜、纳米保鲜薄膜、减压贮藏等技术在杏鲍菇保鲜上的应用,构建了杏鲍菇综合协同保鲜成套技术,以期为杏鲍菇贮藏保鲜提供一定的技术支持。     

Estimation of phenotypic variability in symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability of common bean under drought stress using 15N natural abundance in grain

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume, cultivated by small farmers and is usually exposed to unfavorable conditions with minimum use of inputs. Drought and low soil fertility, especially phosphorus and nitrogen (N) deficiencies, are major limitations to bean yield in smallholder systems. Beans can derive part of their required N from the atmosphere through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Drought stress severely limits SNF ability of plants. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) test and validate the use of ¹⁵N natural abundance in grain to quantify phenotypic differences in SNF ability for its implementation in breeding programs of common bean with bush growth habit aiming to improve SNF, and (ii) quantify phenotypic differences in SNF under drought to identify superior genotypes that could serve as parents. Field studies were conducted at CIAT-Palmira, Colombia using a set of 36 bean genotypes belonging to the Middle American gene pool for evaluation in two seasons with two levels of water supply (irrigated and drought stress). We used ¹⁵N natural abundance method to compare SNF ability estimated from shoot tissue sampled at mid-pod filling growth stage vs. grain tissue sampled at harvest. Our results showed positive and significant correlation between nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) estimated using shoot tissue at mid-pod filling and %Ndfa estimated using grain tissue at harvest. Both methods showed phenotypic variability in SNF ability under both drought and irrigated conditions and a significant reduction in SNF ability was observed under drought stress. We suggest that the method of estimating Ndfa using grain tissue (Ndfa-G) could be applied in bean breeding programs to improve SNF ability. Using this method of Ndfa-G, we identified four bean lines (RCB 593, SEA 15, NCB 226 and BFS 29) that combine greater SNF ability with greater grain yield under drought stress and these could serve as potential parents to further improve SNF ability of common bean.     

氮气气调储油实罐试验

油脂劣变的主要过程是油脂氧化酸败,引起酸败的主要途径是油脂的自然氧化,因此控制储藏期间油罐中的含氧量是有效阻止油脂氧化酸败的重要方法。基于上述原理,通过向油脂储罐内注入高纯度氮气,从而达到防止油脂自然氧化的目的。为了试验过程中油罐的安全,采用外置气囊的方式维持油罐内外压力的平衡,以便及时消除因昼夜温差导致的胀罐或压罐。通过试验验证了气调储油试验方案的可行性和易操作性,达到了抑制油品酸败的目的。