Alpha-芋螺毒素TxID合成方法的优化

在常规两步氧化法合成的基础上,对芋螺毒素TxID第2对二硫键形成的条件进行了优化。优化条件包括有无氮气保护、氧化试剂中碘的浓度、三氟乙酸(TFA)含量、氧化时间等多个参数,研究其对TxID氧化折叠的影响。结果表明,氮气保护有利于TxID的氧化折叠,碘浓度需5~10倍于巯基浓度,TFA含量对氧化折叠影响不明显,氧化时间约5 min为宜。     

土壤中结合残留农药的研究方法

有机农药或其代谢产物在进入土壤中后，可以与土壤有机质或矿质形成结合残留物。越来越多的证据表明，在涉及农药在土壤环境中归趋的研究中，有必要研究农药的结合残留。本文介绍了研究结合残留农药在土壤有机质中分布的方法及释放结合残留的方法，其中包括水解释放法、高温蒸馏法、超临界流体萃取法、化学释放法和微生物释放法。     

烟叶烘烤特性研究——I．烟叶自由水和束缚水含量与品种及烟叶着生部位和成熟度的关系

为弄清烤烟品种K326和翠碧1号的烘烤特性，根据渗透原理，用阿贝折射仪测定经蔗糖溶液浸泡的2个品种不同部位、不同成熟度烟叶组织前后的浓度，换算出烟叶自由水和束缚水含量。结果表明：翠碧1号自由水含量显著低于K326，束缚水含量则显著高于K326；烟叶着生部位自下而上，总水分含量和自由水含量渐次降低，而束缚水含量渐次升高；烟叶成熟度自欠熟至过熟，总水分含量、自由水、束缚水含量均渐次降低。     

油脂的理化特性与能量代谢之关系

用含２０％油脂的饲粮强饲成年滨白公鸡，应用Ｓｉｂｂａｌｄ快速代谢能测定法，测定替换不同脂型饲粮的表现代谢能（ＡＭＥ）和真代谢能（ＴＭＥ）值；用差别套算法计算油脂ＡＭＥ和ＴＭＥ值。结果表明，油脂ＡＭＥ和ＴＭＥ值与油脂的碘价、酸值、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）；与软脂酸、硬脂酸含量呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）．用高卵磷脂含量的油脂替代２０％饲粮，强饲成年公鸡；应用Ｓｉｂｂａｌｄ快速代谢能测定法结合差别套算法测定油脂的代谢能值，并换算成能量代谢率，研究其与卵磷脂含量的关系。结果表明油脂中卵磷脂含量明显影响油脂能量代谢率，二者呈二次曲线关系（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

旱稻叶片含氮量与水分含量的定量关系

在池栽条件下研究了不同水分处理对早稻叶片氮素含量以及叶片组织水势、自由水和束缚水含量的影响。结果表明：在不同土壤水分条件下，植株全氮含量基本上表现为先下降而后升高再下降的变化趋势，随土壤含水量增加叶片中全氮含量逐渐减少，叶片的组织水势和自由水含量逐渐增大，束缚水含量逐渐下降。叶片氮素含量与分蘖高峰期（播种后40～46d）的组织水势呈显著负相关。叶片氮素含量（y）与叶片组织水势（z）间存在y=-0．6999x＋2．3764的显著直线回归定量关系。     

基因专利法律保护相关问题研究

通过对基因的可专利性问题的探讨,阐明了科学发现和科学发明的区别,并结合我国现有专利法对基因专利的法律保护及基因的生物学特点,剖析了基因专利的新颖性、创造性和实用性要求,同时论述了基因专利的保护范围.     

荔枝果皮BPox的分离纯化及其在果实成熟过程中的表达

【目的】植物第III类过氧化物酶具有广泛的生理功能。前期研究发现荔枝果皮具高活性的离子结合态过氧化物酶（BPox）,与果实的着色、成熟密切关联,但其特性、作用机制不清楚。明确BPox的生化特性及其基因表达变化,为进一步研究BPox参与荔枝果实着色和成熟机制奠定基础。【方法】以‘乌叶’荔枝成熟果果皮为材料,通过提取及Streamline Phenyl、CM-52、Phenyl Sepharose HP和Superdex 200等柱层析,纯化获得BPox。测定BPox的最适反应pH、最适反应温度、底物特异性、抑制剂等生化特性。采用双倒数法测定其催化愈创木酚、(-)-表儿茶素的K_m值及V_max。应用MALDI串联质谱鉴定BPox的肽段序列,克隆BPox的cDNA。分别测定盛花后58、69、76、80和90 d荔枝果皮BPox的活性变化,应用荧光定量PCR分析BPox的基因表达变化。【结果】从荔枝果皮纯化得到BPox最主要的2个组分,分别命名为BPox-2和BPox-3。凝胶过滤层析和SDS-PAGE结果显示,BPox-2和BPox-3的表观分子量分别约为30 kD和34 kD。BPox-2和BPox-3的最适反应pH均为6.0,最适反应温度分别为40℃和45℃;二者具有相似的底物特异性;DTT、ASA和L-Cys等能强烈抑制其活性。BPox-2和BPox-3催化愈创木酚的K_m值分别为2.97和2.58 mmol∙L^-1,其V_max分别为38.72×10⁶和23.06×10⁶ U∙mg^-1;其催化(-)-表儿茶素的K_m值分别为3.49和3.24 mmol∙L^-1,V_max分别为38.72×10⁶和23.06×10⁶ U∙mg^-1。尽管BPox-2和BPox-3的肽质量指纹（PMF）不同,串联质谱分析显示,二者均具一个序列为TASLSAANSDLPSPFADLATLIAR的胰酶水解肽段。克隆得到BPox2的cDNA,大小为960 bp,共编码319个氨基酸。cDNA编码的多肽链N端包含1段26个氨基酸残基的信号肽,C端缺乏液泡分选序列,具1个潜在的N-糖基化修饰位点。幼果期,荔枝果皮BPox的活性表现弱;至盛花后76 d,果皮开始着色变红,BPox的活性迅速启动升高直至果实成熟。qPCR的结果显示,在盛花后的58和69 d,果皮BPox2的转录水平很低;盛花后76 d,BPox2的表达急剧上升,达到高峰,为盛花后69 d的60.56倍,而后下降。至盛花后90 d,其表达水平又显著上升。【结论】荔枝果皮的BPox-2与BPox-3最适反应pH、最适反应温度、底物特异性等与荔枝果皮可溶性Pox组分相似,但其对愈创木酚和(-)-表儿茶素的催化效率显著高于SPox。BPox-2与BPox-3同为BPox2所编码,因翻译后修饰差异而形成同工酶。BPox参与荔枝果皮的着色和成熟进程,其活性受转录水平调控。     

Differences in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and water content in heteromorphic leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus euphratica</Emphasis> from Inner Mongolia,China

We studied three typical heteromorphic leaves of Populus euphratica trees growing in the Wuhai region of Inner Mongolia,China,i.e.,lanceolate,broad-ovate and dentate broad-ovate leaves and mainly focused on the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and free water and bound water content.The results show that the values of Fm(maximal fluorescence yield),Fv/Fm(maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII) and Fv/F0(potential quantum efficiency of PSII) of lanceolate leaves were the least on young trees,while these parameters were the least on the ovate leaves of old trees.Compared with young trees,the free water content of heteromorphic leaves of old trees increased significantly,i.e.,by 78.94% in lanceolate leaves and in the leaves of broad-ovate and dentate broad-ovate by 10.99% and 10.60%,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that free water content is significantly related to Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 in young trees,while the relationship of total water content with Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 is positive in old trees.     

Iodine biofortification in tomato

Iodine is an essential element in the human diet, and iodine deficiency is a significant health problem. No attempts to increase iodine content in plant‐derived food (biofortification) have so far been particularly effective. We studied iodine uptake in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to evaluate whether it is possible to increase the iodine concentration in its fruits. Iodine translocation and storage inside tomato tissues were studied using radioactive iodine. Potassium iodide was also supplied at different concentrations to tomato plants to evaluate the resulting iodide concentration both in the vegetative tissues and the fruits. The results indicate that iodine was taken up better when supplied to the roots using hydroponically grown plants. However, a considerable amount of iodine was also stored after leaf treatment, suggesting that iodine transport through phloem also occurred. We found that tomato plants can tolerate high levels of iodine, stored both in the vegetative tissues and fruits at concentrations that are more than sufficient for the human diet. We conclude that tomato is an excellent crop for iodine‐biofortification programs.