Evaluation of the waxy endosperm trait in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)*

The entire USDA‐ARS maintained collection of 650 accessions of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was evaluated for the presence of accessions with waxy (amylose‐free) endosperm starch. Six accessions, five of which derived from mainland China, were identified. Segregation ratios for waxy endosperm were evaluated in F₂ and F₃ populations derived from crosses between two waxy accessions, PI 436625 (Lung Shu 16) and PI 436626 (Lung Shu 18), and several wild‐type accessions. The waxy trait was found to be under the control of duplicate recessive alleles at two loci, herein designated wx‐1 and wx‐2. Wild‐type alleles at these loci were designated Wx‐1 and Wx‐2. Iodine‐binding revealed a mean grain‐starch amylose concentration of 3.5% in waxy lines and 25.3% in wild‐type proso. Expression of the granule‐bound starch synthase (waxy protein) in waxy lines was reduced to approximately one‐tenth that of wild‐type accessions. The waxy accessions identified now are available for the introgression of this trait into breeding lines adapted to the Great Plains of North America.     

高效液相色谱测定不同成熟期枣皮酚类物质

为进一步探讨成熟过程中酚类物质在枣果皮中的组成及分布情况,以冬枣为实验材料,利用高效液相色谱法分别对全绿、绿白、半红和全红4个成熟期的果皮中游离态、酯化态和结合态多酚进行了定性定量检测分析.色谱分析条件:色谱柱为WatersC18柱,流动相A泵为1%醋酸水、B泵为1%醋酸甲醇,总流速为0.8 mL/min,柱温30℃,...     

5种常用渔药对点篮子鱼幼鱼急性毒性试验

在水温29.2～30.4℃、盐度30～32条件下,进行了敌百虫、甲醛、聚维酮碘、硫酸锌、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁(5∶2)合剂5种常用渔药对点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)幼鱼急性毒性试验。结果显示:5种药物的安全浓度分别为0.91、54.99、17.10、23.88、1.77 mg.L-1。点篮子鱼对5种药物敏感度的大小顺序为:敌百虫>硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂>聚维酮碘>硫酸锌>甲醛。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中的总碘

采用碱液热浸提法处理土壤样品,通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定土壤中碘元素的总量。对前处理的3大参数——碱度、温度和时间进行试验摸索,得出适用于土壤的最佳浸提条件。测定结果显示,该方法的线性范围为0~500μg/L,线性相关系数0.999 8,方法检出限0.12μg/g,加标回收率为91.0%~104%,RSD均小于5%。综上,该法是一种能够快速、灵敏、准确地测定土壤样品中碘元素的先进方法。     

丛枝菌根真菌对枳不同根围铁及球囊霉素螯合金属的影响

采用盆栽根袋技术,将枳根围土壤分为0-2、2-4和4-8 cm 3个水平土层,研究丛枝菌根(AM)真菌地表球囊霉对枳根围土壤中有效Fe及球囊霉素鳌合金属含量的影响.结果表明,接种AM真菌显著降低了枳根围土壤中有效Fe的含量.接种AM真菌的土壤有效Fe含量表现为:0-2 cm2-4 cm4-8 cm,而未接种的则表现为:4-8 cm2-4 cm0-2cm;枳不同根围土壤中的菌丝密度表现为:0-2 cm2-4 cm4-8 cm,表明菌丝能够穿过尼龙网伸展到4-8 cm土层中;枳不同根围土壤中易提取球囊霉素和总球囊霉素的变化规律一致,表现为:2-4 cm4-8 cm0-2 cm;土壤中球囊霉素螯合Fe和Mn的含量在4-8 cm土层中最少,螯合Zn和Cu的含量则在0-2 cm土层中最少.可见,球囊霉素能够螯合Cu等元素,减轻土壤中重金属元素对AM真菌的威胁,进而起到缓冲金属元素释放和保护真菌的作用.     

A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Wx-B1 null wheat lines using a monoclonal antibody and its application for the detection of marker heterogeneity within commercial cultivars

A monoclonal antibody was raised with specificity for the granule bound starch synthase (GBSS1) Wx-B1 homeoallele of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a synthetic peptide immunogen. This was used to develop a simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the discrimination of Wx-B1a and Wx-B1b alleles which differ in the starch properties they confer. Discrimination of these alleles is important for the selection of wheat lines for Udon-style noodle production. The simplified ELISA worked in a single antibody (indirect) format and gave improved ease of use, discrimination of alleles and resolution relative to a previously developed 2-antibody (sandwich) ELISA. When the test was validated using breeders seed of a panel of commercial cultivars, heterogeneity of Wx-B1 alleles was observed for a significant proportion of the cultivars tested and this was confirmed using PCR analysis of the Wx-B1 and Wx-A1 genes. This observation has implications for cultivar wheat quality assessment, the application of molecular markers for variety identification purposes and the establishment of mapping populations from commercial cultivars.     

Polymorphism in the GBSS gene affects amylose content in US and European rice germplasm

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between waxy allelic forms and amylose in European and US rice germplasm. These allelic forms were defined according to the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) found in the leader intron 5′ splice site (G → T), exon 6 (A → C) and exon 10 (C → T). The combination of these three SNPs accounted for 89.2% of the variation in apparent amylose content in a pedigree of 85 US rice varieties and 93.8% of the variation among 279 accessions in a European germplasm collection. The allelic forms TAC and TCC were found in low amylose varieties. All varieties with intermediate levels of apparent amylose had the GCC allele. High levels of apparent amylose varieties had either the GAT and GAC allele. The sequence AGTTATA in the intron 1 distinguished the low amylose varieties from the other classes regardless of any other base changes. Intermediate amylose varieties can be distinguished from those with high apparent amylose by changes in either exon 6 or exon 10. However the simplest interpretation of the data is that the tyrosine/serine change in exon 6 is responsible for the lower levels of Granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) protein and thus lower levels of amylose in intermediate vs. high amylose verities.     

聚维酮碘对气单胞菌的抑菌杀菌效果研究

[目的]研究聚维酮碘作为一种水产养殖上常用的消毒剂对气单胞菌的抑菌杀菌效果。[方法]以气单胞菌属标准株ATCC7966和分离自患病鱼及养殖环境的气单胞菌为试验菌株,通过肉汤二倍稀释法研究聚维酮碘的抑菌杀菌作用。[结果]聚维酮碘在低浓度时能抑制气单胞菌的生长增殖,高浓度时杀灭细菌,其对Aeromonas sp. T1、Aeromonas sp. T2、Aeromonas sp. T4菌株的最小抑菌浓度为125. 00mg/L,最小杀菌浓度为4.00g/L;其对ATCC7966、Aeromonas sp. T3、Aeromonas sp. T5、Aeromonas sp. T6菌株的最小抑菌浓度为250.00 mg/L,最小杀菌浓度为8.00 g/L。[结论]为聚维酮碘的合理使用提供了一定的依据。     

Performance analysis on improved PDA AI for moving target tracking

Aim at the problem that the EO imaging tracking system is inconsistent with the model of probabilistic data association with amplitude information (PDA AI), which supposes that the greater the amplitude value is, the greater the probability of being the tracked target will be, a modified PDA AI (MPDA AI) is presented . Based on the fact that the amplitude and the motion of the interested target are consistent in a short period, the MPDA AI models the amplitude information and the motion information of the target as well as their consistency with Markov stationary signal to analyze the association procedure of motion and amplitude. The lower bounds of Cramer Rao estimation error for PDA AI and MPDA AI are calculated and discussed in detail. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that estimating the target motion with the MPDA AI will be more accurate and more reliable than estimating with the original PDA AI.