海南岛尖峰岭热带林型的主分量排序

一、林地概况 尖峰岭林区位于北纬18°23′13″—18°52′30″,东经108°46′04″—109°02′43″,在中国植被区划中属琼南丘陵山地季雨林湿润雨林区。植被种类极其丰富,野生高等植物有1500多种,植被可分为四个垂直带,六个类型:1.稀树草原带:(1)稀树草原,(2)砂生植被,2.常绿季雨林带:(3)常绿季雨林,(4)沟谷雨林,3.山地雨林带:(5)山地雨林,4.山顶苔藓矮林带:(6)山顶苔藓矮林。     

Structure and floristics of Bangladesh homegardens

A vegetation survey of traditional homegardens in four regions (South western, North western, Eastern and Central northern) in Bangladesh was conducted with reference to marginal (> 0.002–0.08 ha), small (> 0.08–0.14 ha), medium (> 0.14–0.20 ha) and large (> 0.20 ha) farm categories. Eighty homegardens (five from each farm category in each of the four regions) were assessed in terms of perennial species. The floristic data were ordinated (DECORANA) with respect to homegarden categories based on size and region. Most species were planted in the border of the homegardens irrespective of farm size and region. Food and fruit producing species dominated near the living quarter and working areas and small plots of annual vegetables and crops separated this part of the garden from more distant parts favoured for timber species. Six vertical strata were recognised with higher plant density and species richness recorded in the lower three. In total ninety two perennial species were recorded for the set of 80 homegardens surveyed. From gardens in the South western region 67 species were recorded. Corresponding figures were 56 for the Central northern region, 54 for the Eastern region and 46 for the North western region. Within regions there were significant differences in species richness associated with farm size, and within each homegarden size category there were significant differences among regions. Diversity was highest among food and fruit producing species, followed by the timber species. The ordination showed a distinction between the North western and the other regions due to a combination of lower species richness in the North western region homegardens and several species exclusive to the region. Floristic differences led to less marked but nevertheless important differences among the other regions, also.     

汾河太原段河温滩草地植被的数量分类与排序

采用双向指示种分析法和除趋势对应分析法对汾河太原段河漫滩草地植被做了分类和排序研究，结果将汾河太原段草地群落划分为17个群系，并论述了各群系的特征。DCA排序进一步说明了群系的分布格局与土壤水分、质地和人为干扰的密切关系。种的DCA排序结果证明对群落生境有明确的指示作用，能客观反映群落的生境特征，此外，还讨论了群落的演替趋势。     

草原昆虫群落排序的研究

本文采用主分量分析、系统聚类分析和模糊聚类分析,对巴盟地区不同类型草场昆虫群落进行了排序或聚类,并对不同方法的排序效果进行了比较。结果表明,草场昆虫群落与草场类型及其植被条件有关。主分量分析和系统聚类分析的排序效果优于模糊聚类分析。     

关帝山植物群落与环境梯度分析

该文应用环境梯度分析的原理和方法，研究了山西省关帝山孝文峰自然景现在一定干扰情况下的植物群落空间分布格局、分类与环境梯度变化的相互关系；环境梯度与主要森林类型以生产力为基准的重要值的关系；计算了各群落的环境梯度指数。文中还讨论了梯度分析对植物群落的排序分类，用双重加权平均排序法将孝文峰植物群落划分为五类，即灌丛草甸、针叶林、落叶阔叶林、低中山针叶林、疏林灌丛农耕地，此研究为该区植被演替、更新、适地适树提供了理论根据。     

Species associations of epipelagic nekton of the North Pacific Ocean, 1978–1993

Strong latitudinal gradients in species composition were revealed by two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of 41 species of epipelagic fishes and squids in 513 gillnet collections by research vessels of Hokkaido University over a huge area of the northern North Pacific during the summers of 1978–1993. Salmonids inhabited northern subarctic water and skipjack tuna (Euthynnus pelamis) and flying squid (Ommastrephes bartrami) inhabited the region of the Subarctic Boundary, but distinct boundaries between species groups and sample groups were lacking, largely because abundant species, such as Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) and Pacific pomfret (Brama japonica), migrated across most of this region during the summer. Longitudinal differences were not pronounced, but some species, including Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) and Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus), were only found in the western Pacific. Pacific saury was more common in the western Pacific, whereas sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was concentrated in the eastern Pacific. Interannual fluctuations in the latitude of species groups were most closely correlated with changes in sea surface temperatures. In the western Pacific, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1987-88, and 1992-93 were cool years when subarctic and transitional assemblages were found farther to the south than other years. Temperature and salinity at various depths were highly correlated with each other and with first-axis DCA ordinations scores. Long-term trends in community structure were not apparent during the 1.6 decades.     

Interactions between vegetation dynamic and edaphic factors in the Great Salt Desert of central Iran

Investigating the relationships between vegetation dynamic and edaphic factors provide management insights into factors affecting the growth and establishment of plant species and vegetation communities in saline areas.The aim of this study was to assess the spatial variability of various vegetation communities in relation to edaphic factors in the Great Salt Desert,central Iran.Fifteen vegetation communities were identified using the physiognomy-floristic method.Coverage and density of vegetation communities were determined using the transect plot method.Forty soil samples were collected from major horizons of fifteen profiles in vegetation communities,and analyzed in terms of following soil physical and chemical characteristics:soil texture,soluble Na+concentration,sodium adsorption ratio(SAR),electrical conductivity(EC),pH,organic matter content,soluble Mg2+and Ca2+concentrations,carbonate and gypsum contents,and spontaneously-and mechanically-dispersible clay contents.Redundancy analysis was used to investigate the relationships between vegetation dynamic and edaphic factors.The generalized linear method(GLM)was used to find the plant species response curves against edaphic factors.Results showed that plant species responded differently to edaphic factors,in which soluble sodium concentration,EC,SAR,gypsum content and soil texture were identified as the most discriminative edaphic factors.The studied plant species were also found to have different ecological requirements and tolerance to edaphic factors,in which Tamarix aphylla and Halocnemum strobilaceum were identified as the most salt-resistant species in the region.Furthermore,the presence of Artemisia sieberi was highly related to soil sand and gypsum contents.The results implied that exploring the plant species response curves against edaphic factors can assist managers to lay out more appropriate restoration plans in similar arid areas.     

The use of degradation gradients for the assessment and ecological interpretation of range condition

Multivariate procedures were used to subdivide the southern African climatic climax grasslands of the 700–800‐mm rainfall zone into relatively homogeneous grazing areas. A degradation gradient was constructed for each of these areas. This was done by means of centred PCA ordination, using static data representing compositional differences induced mainly by grazing. The first axis of these ordinations represented a gradient of degradation. The second and higher axes were combined in a single value, namely, the Euclidean distance from the first axis. The degradation gradients were then used as a basis for ordinating new sites into the old ordinations, assessing their condition in an objective and quantitative way. The Euclidean distances from the first axis were used to determine the appropriateness of the degradation gradients for the assessment of the condition of a particular site. Knowledge of species response to grazing, community dynamics and recovery potential obtained through the ordination and regression studies was used to interpret the condition assessments.     

柽柳属植物抗旱性排序研究

本文通过对12种柽柳的水分生理指标和形态指标的研究,分别采用极点分析法(PO)和主分量分析法(PCA)进行植物抗旱性能的排序分析得知:两种排序方法在柽柳属抗旱性能排序上的应用结果基本一致,证明了该方法的可行性,12种柽柳抗旱性能的大小分别为;沙生柽柳>安氏柽柳>山川柽柳>短毛柽柳>多枝柽柳>霍氏柽柳>细穗柽柳>中国柽柳>甘蒙柽柳>长穗柽柳>刚毛柽柳>短毛柽柳。