基于转录组测序的不同光学分光膜下生菜叶片的基因表达差异分析

新型光伏农业是在满足农作物生长的光照需求下进行光伏发电。为研究不同光学分光膜下生菜叶片的差异基因表达情况,以‘阿迪娜’生菜为试验材料,利用转录组测序（RNA-seq）技术分析在覆盖红蓝滤光膜（RBFF）和远红光截止膜（RICF）条件下生菜叶片的基因表达水平。结果表明,RBFF条件下有2685个基因存在差异表达,其中有1380个上调表达基因,1305个下调表达基因。RICF条件下有3264个基因差异表达,其中上调表达基因有881个,下调表达基因2383个。进一步分析发现,1498个差异表达基因在RBFF和RICF条件下均表达,1187个基因在RBFF条件下差异表达,1766个在RICF条件下差异表达。从上述差异表达基因中筛选出10个可能与光胁迫相关的基因,实时荧光定量验证转录组数据的可靠性。结果表明,大部分基因的表达情况与测序结果一致,说明转录组数据是可靠的。光响应相关基因的表达分析结果显示,RBFF覆盖下大部分基因在覆盖15 d时大量表达,达到表达高峰。RICF下的3个基因表达量较高,其余的表达量较低,大部分基因在 15~21 d时达到表达高峰。本研究为进一步挖掘生菜基因组中光响应基因以及揭示生菜对光响应的分子机制提供理论依据和数据支持。     

基于VC＋＋与MATLAB太阳光度计直射数据处理软件设计

以CE-318太阳光度计测量数据为原始数据,阐述利用CE-318太阳光度计直射数据反演气溶胶光学厚度的原理,并用C＋＋语言编写软件,且尝试了通过调用MATLAB引擎作图,设计专门处理其直射数据的软件,实现由观测数据反演气溶胶光学厚度的功能。结果表明,在VISUAL C＋＋开发环境中编写处理模块,计算出光学厚度,将结果保存为文本文件,并调用MATLAB引擎作图,画出光学厚度随时间的曲线图,以便直观地研究大气。该软件既拥有VC语言的灵活性,又能够发挥MATLAB软件的强大作图功能,最终效果得到提高,产品质量也更好。不过,软件也有不足之处,如软件界面未加以美化。另外,软件实现的功能也比较少,适用范围也因此受到很大限制。     

Determination of sufficiency values of canopy reflectance vegetation indices for maximum growth and yield of cucumber

Large nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications are a feature of intensive vegetable production systems, and optimal N management is required to maximize N use efficiency and minimize N losses. Vegetation indices (VIs) of canopy reflectance, measured with proximal sensors, are generally strongly related to crop N status. For practical application, sufficiency values that distinguish between N deficiency and sufficiency are required. In this work, sufficiency values of VIs for maximum crop growth and for yield were determined for two cucumber crops grown in contrasting seasons (Autumn and Spring). Canopy reflectance was measured with a Crop Circle ACS-470 sensor. Sufficiency values for maximum growth were based on the relationships of VIs with the Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI), i.e. the ratio between actual and critical crop N contents. Sufficiency values for maximum yield were based on linear-plateau relationships of yield with VIs. Strong relationships were obtained between all VIs and both NNI and yield for most of the weekly measurements during both crops. For NNI, best-fit relationships were linear, quadratic, power or exponential, and had coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.61–0.98. For yield, most linear-plateau relationships between yield and VIs had R² values of 0.47–0.89. VIs based on reflectance in green and red edge had slightly better relationships with NNI and yield than VIs in the red, with the Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) and the Green Ratio Vegetation Index (GRVI) being the most sensitive and consistent indices for estimating both crop NNI and yield. Relationships between VIs and NNI and yield for all weekly measurements of each crop, and for the two crops combined, were also analyzed to provide unique sufficiency values for maximum growth and yield that applied to the entire crop cycle of each crop and of both crops considered together. Overall, there were slight differences between sufficiency values for maximum growth and for maximum yield and the unique sufficiency values were generally intermediate to the weekly sufficiency values. This study demonstrated the potential for using VIs for monitoring crop N nutrition and yield in cucumber. The calculated sufficiency values of VIs may facilitate the use of proximal optical sensors in farming practice for optimal N management through periodic monitoring for deviation from sufficiency values.     

关于十字形钢柱制作的几点体会

针对十字柱在制作过程中易变形、矫正困难的情况,对其制作工艺、焊接方法、矫正方法进行了分析和研究,为此类构件的制作积累了宝贵的经验.     

雌雄蚕卵光电自动分选仪器的基本结构设计与工作原理分析

依据雄蚕品种和限性卵色蚕品种不同性别的卵色差别,实现雌雄蚕卵全部存活的前提下自动、快速、准确分离。应用光电识别等原理设计的雌雄蚕卵分选仪器通过单通道光电计数控量供卵、多通道分流和转盘斜刮排序等技术,使蚕卵整齐有适当间距地排列成辐射状的48路,形成同时运行的48个单元,经可编程颜色传感器检测识别后,通过电磁分离器分选,将雌雄蚕卵分离。该雌雄蚕卵自动分选仪器的基本结构设计与工作原理可实现预期目标:不损伤雌蚕卵,使雌雄蚕卵都能存活;分选效率高,设计分卵速度达12万粒/h,准确率超过95%。     

基于运动捕获数据的玉米叶片静力应变试验研究

为了研究玉米叶片在不同应力情况下的叶脉的形变情况,进而分析了叶脉骨架的生物力学及运动学特性,以叶尖直立展开期和定型期的玉米叶片为研究对象,提出了一种基于准确运动捕获数据的应力—应变试验方案。试验测试了主脉在不同静态荷载下的形变情况,并从宏观力学层面分析了主脉形变程度随距基部距离的变化趋势。结果表明:处于叶尖直立展开期和定型期的玉米叶片,其主脉上各点随着距基部距离不同表现出不同的生物力学特性,且叶脉垂直最高处的形变程度最大。该研究为应用运动捕获技术获取农学试验数据做出了初步探索。     

基于虚拟仪器的果树重叠叶片LAI实时检测系统

目前叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)检测中重叠叶片的辨别是一个难点。该文提出一种创新的重叠叶片LAI简易检测方法:在室内直射平行光源照射下,通过光电传感器检测叶片透射光能量,传感器信号经过调理,由数据采集卡采集至计算机,利用LabVIEW软件平台进行程序设计,自动判断重叠叶片层数。将叶片层数乘以传感器的接收面积即为该检测位置各层叶片面积,将整个检测过程中的叶片面积累加即为各层叶片的总面积,进而求出LAI。根据试验结果选用近红外作为光源,设计并制作用于检测的近红外光电传感器,其短路电流I1、I2分别与前置放大输出电压U1、主放大输出电压U2均有良好的线性关系,于0.05水平显著。数据采集试验结果表明,在手动进行扫描、定位采集的方式下,以方格法计算的LAI值作为准确值,系统对LAI的计算最大相对误差绝对值为14.8%。初步探讨了叶片间隔对透射辐射量的影响,结果发现乘幂模型的拟合效果较好。     

基于光流与熵统计法的花卉生长视频关键帧提取算法

花卉生长过程原始视频数据量大,冗余信息多。为了获得便于研究人员使用的压缩比高、数据量小、包含丰富生长细节信息、流畅自然、花卉生长过程视频,引入了关键帧提取方法对原始视频进行处理。根据花卉生长过程的特点,选择运动检测相关算法进行测试。对传统的帧间差分法进行了仿真分析,并提出了一种新的基于光流法及运动方向信息熵统计的关键帧提取方法。试验证明,该方法明显优于帧间差分法,在提取相同数量关键帧的情况下,能够更完整的表现花卉运动细节。该研究可为花卉生长过程的动态监测提供参考。     

A facemask for gaseous anesthesia in laboratory rodents and chicks that allows easy access to the eyes for ophthalmic procedures

Purpose The purpose of this study is to report a method for making a cheap and effective anesthesia facemask for laboratory rodents and chicks that allows access to the eyes for ophthalmic procedures such as electroretinography (ERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods The facemask is fabricated from a bulb syringe and a medicine dropper (Luvs^®, Jamaica, NY) both intended for use in infants. The tip of the bulb syringe is removed to make a plastic cone (1.5 cm in length) to fit over the animal’s nose. The bulb is removed from the medicine dropper and a small hole on the side of bulb near the closed end made into which the narrow end of the plastic cone is fitted and the joint glued with a hot glue gun. The facemask is then attached over the anesthetic tubing. Results Following induction of anesthesia, the facemask and a nonrebreathing circuit (Baines system) are suitable to maintain anesthesia in laboratory rodents and chicks while allowing ready access to the eyes for ERG and OCT. The mask fits snuggly, reducing leakage of anesthetic gasses and it has a minimum of deadspace. Conclusions The materials required for making the facemask are cheap and readily available and it is easy to fabricate. We found it excellent for use with mice and chicks, and it allows easy access to the eyes for techniques such as ERG and OCT.