黏土颗粒表面分维模型的构建及其应用

构建了黏土颗粒物表面分维数学模型,并以高精度数字光学显微系统为基础,测算了部分黏土样品的颗粒表面分维,结果验证了表面分维数学模型的合理性,形成了一套简约的黏土颗粒表面分维分析方法。     

扰动扩散流动分析法测定土壤氮、磷技术研究

随着国家对农业面源氮、磷污染防治力度的加大,土壤氮、磷测定技术迫切需要改善。本研究在对常规的扩散对流（Dispersion convection）和强迫对流（Forced convection）流动分析方法基础上,提出了扰动扩散（Perturbation diffusion）流动分析方法,以实现土壤氮、磷全自动化快速测定与分析。扰动扩散流动分析方法是将样品和试剂定量化后集中在化学反应腔中进行反应,然后程序控制蠕动泵对化学反应腔中反应物进行反复扰动,待化学反应完全稳定后流入光电探测单元完成土壤氮、磷含量测定。采用取自湖北潜江的土壤样品对扰动扩散流动分析方法进行了系统验证,实验结果表明,本研究提出的方法与常规紫外可见分光光度法对氮、磷测定相比,基于硫酸钠和碳酸氢钠联合浸提的土壤铵态氮测量值相关系数为0.915 5,基于氯化钙浸提的土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和水溶性磷测量值相关系数分别为0.998 5、0.990 1和0.991 1。铵态氮、硝态氮和水溶性磷的检出限分别为0.055 4、0.020 3 mg·L^-1和0.008 4 mg·L^-1,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=7）分别为1.8%、4.8%和1.0%。     

Fish and flows: Abiotic drivers influence the recruitment response of a freshwater fish community throughout a regulated lotic system of the Murray-Darling Basin,Australia

1. Fish assemblages in dryland rivers have life-history strategies that have evolved in response to environmental conditions and triggers, particularly water temperatures and flow regimes. The regulation of rivers through the construction of dams, weirs and other water diversion structures has altered natural flow regimes and the associated ecological processes of river systems worldwide.
2. Over a 3-year period, using standardized fish sampling and daily otolith ageing, the recruitment of eight freshwater fish species was monitored in response to various abiotic drivers, including hydrology and water temperatures, throughout the Macquarie River, a large regulated river system of the Australian Murray-Darling Basin.
3. A data-driven statistical classification system is provided that groups species into reproductive guilds, based on their recruitment response to hydrology and water temperature, specifically designed for use in environmental flow management.
4. The eight species were grouped into three distinct reproductive guilds that showed similar recruitment responses to the abiotic drivers. Murray-Darling rainbowfish, Murray cod, and eel-tailed catfish were considered as a single guild, characterized by seasonal recruitment during a relatively narrow thermal window under low to moderate stable discharges. The second group included common carp, bony herring, and golden perch, which recruited primarily in association with larger flow events. Un-specked hardyhead and Australian smelt formed a more differentiated guild, recruiting over a broad range of temperatures and discharges. Limitations associated with using a reproductive guild approach to simplify water management are discussed.
5. This study highlighted important relationships among hydrology, water temperatures, and successful recruitment that can, in turn, be used to inform development of adaptive flow management plans and effective use of environmental water for the conservation management of native fish communities. Important considerations in the design of studies that aim to examine relationships between recruitment and abiotic drivers are also discussed.

     

Factors influencing recruitment patterns of Golden Perch (Macquaria ambigua oriens) within a hydrologically variable and regulated Australian tropical river system

Abstract – The links between river flows, water temperature, river regulation and recruitment variability of Golden Perch, Macquaria ambigua oriens, were investigated from the Fitzroy Basin, Queensland. The dominant age classes determined by interpreting growth marks observed in otoliths were variable among rivers. Positive correlations between the age frequency and monthly river flow volumes were greatest in summer (December–March) conversely, autumn, winter and spring river flows correlated poorly for most rivers. Water temperature exhibits strong seasonality across the basin with mean monthly temperatures >23 °C generally occurring between October and April. These data indicate the combination of water temperature and increased river flows are important factors for recruitment. The degree of river regulation is also suspected of contributing to increased variability in dominant age classes within rivers. This assessment highlights the importance of timing of river flows in mitigating the negative effects of river regulation on golden perch populations.     

监控系统图象信号传输线缆的选择

论述了监控系统图象信号传输中同轴电缆、双绞线和光纤的特点和传输特性，并对其技术性能进行了分析。     

水资源可持续发展中政府管制的作用分析

水资源可持续发展主要指在一定的生态环境区域内,满足生态基流量需求,保证包括人类在内的生命所依赖的水资源水量和水质服务的持续性。以陕北黄土高原为例,通过博弈特征的分析,以及静态和演化博弈说明了政府管制的必要性。进一步阐明政府管制的具体作用:确保水资源可持续发展的基流量、分配初始水权、集中配置和公平的作用等等。最后指出了政府管制的风险和应对措施。     

鸡蛋新鲜度的光特性无损检测

光学特性正越来越广泛应用于农产品质量分析、新鲜度和成熟度检测中。本研究目的是探讨光特性无损检测鸡蛋新鲜度的原理和实现方法。试验以200个不同新鲜度的鸡蛋为研究对象，在温度为(28±2)℃，相对湿度为55%的贮藏条件下，在200～800 nm光谱测量范围内对鸡蛋的新鲜度与贮藏时间的相关性进行了追踪光透射特性试验，同时对鸡蛋新鲜度与不同贮藏时间的相关性进行了分析。通过Origin 6.0对光谱透射数据的统计分析建立了透射率与波长，透射率与贮藏时间的相关数学模型，其相关系数分别为0.86和0.94，并找出了用于检测新鲜度的特征波长为465 nm。试验结果表明鸡蛋的透射特性应用于鸡蛋新鲜度检测具有可行性和快速性。     

应用遥感技术估算东亚沙尘携沙量

应用中国重点城市环境监测站的大气可吸入颗粒物 PM1 0 指标和 N OAA - AVH RR的大气上界的反射率指标 ,首先从遥感影象上确定沙尘。同时利用单通道遥感方法 ,从 AVH RR可见光通道反演东亚沙尘气溶胶光学厚度的空间分布 ,进一步依据沙尘气溶胶光学厚度与沙尘载荷的定量关系 ,估算出一次东亚沙尘的携沙量。基于卫星遥感的沙尘携沙量为风力侵蚀的定量研究提供了一个新方法     

瓦斯浓度红外检测噪声消除方法研究

将数学方法与实验方法相结合,通过测量信号和参考信号的比值,消除由于光源的不稳定及其他因素引起的检测误差、外界环境引起的误差等,并利用数学方法推导得到计算方程。实验结果验证此类方法的可行性,可有效消除井下复杂恶劣环境带来的一系列噪声干扰,包括检测系统固有的性能误差和外部环境引起的干扰误差。     

Multi-scale optical flow estimation of the video based on gradient optimization

A new algorithm based on gradient optimization is proposed for optical flow estimation of video images with different motion ranges. The original video images are transformed by using Loggabor filtering on phases and measures,and then the spatio-temporal gradient is calculated by using the obtained feature images. The optical flow is calculated with the spatio-temporal gradient. The video images are layered and processed with coarse-to-fine image pyramid method. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the algorithm is suitable for the video optical flow motion estimation of the significant range. It can not only obtain the video images following the human visual resolution characteristics, but also optimize the spatio-temporal gradient, while the optical flow calculation is more accurate. Besides, the time complexity of this algorithm is equivalent to that of the traditional optical flow method, and the accuracy of the algorithm is superior to the methods suggested by Horn-Schunck, Duan,et al.