热胁迫下萝卜干物质形成特性研究

本文研究了萝卜不同耐热品种在高温胁迫下的生长表现,叶面积、干物质变化。结果表明:热胁迫对萝卜生长的影响主要是叶面积下降,根腐病大量发生,导致个体变小、品质变劣、产量下降。热胁迫下萝卜播收期为60 d,播种后30 d为长叶期,30~60d为长根期。通过苗期单位面积叶鲜重与收获期有效根率测定可预测萝卜耐热性。     

日粮中添加整粒油籽对绵羊体脂主要脂肪酸组成的影响

日粮中分别添加相当于40.0 g粗脂肪的油菜籽、油葵籽、红花籽和亚麻籽,饲喂成年母羊35 d后屠宰,用气相色谱技术测定了羊体背最长肌、肾脏脂肪和尾部脂肪的主要脂肪酸(FA)组成,结果表明:日粮对肌肉中FA组成的影响较对脂肪组织的大;在所测定的3个部位中,C14∶0最为稳定,不受日粮影响;在脂肪组织中,C16∶1、C18∶1也不受日粮的影响,但肌肉中C18∶1含量因添加红花籽显著增大;添加亚麻籽有提高脂肪组织中C18∶3的趋势,其余油籽有使各部位C18∶3含量下降的趋势,以油葵组下降最为明显;除油菜籽(富含C18∶1)外,富含多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的油籽有使C16∶0降低的作用.羊体不同部位脂肪酸组成存在较大的差异:C18∶1在尾脂中的含量极显著或显著地(多数情况为极显著)高于其它部位,而肾脏中含量最低;C16:1在不同部位的差异与C18∶1相同;C16∶0、C18∶0以尾脂中最低;C18∶2的含量在肌肉中最低.从尾部、肌肉到肾脏,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)的比例降低,而饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的比例上升.不管在何部位,C18∶1在所有脂肪酸中所占比例最高;C18∶0在肾脏脂肪中占第2位,在肌肉和尾脂中占第3位,而C16∶0在肾脏居第3位,在其余部位居第2.     

抗除草剂转基因油菜向杂草诸葛菜的潜在基因漂移

以抗除草剂草甘膦和草丁膦转基因油菜为父本 ,诸葛菜为母本 ,在人工授粉条件下研究抗性基因向诸葛菜的潜在基因漂移。采用荧光显微镜观察转基因油菜花粉在诸葛菜柱头上的萌发生长情况 ,并与诸葛菜自花授粉的情况进行比较。结果显示 2种转基因油菜花粉在诸葛菜柱头上的萌发生长情况类似。花粉粘合的数量比自交时显著减少 ,出现粘合延迟现象 ;花粉在柱头上不能正常萌发生长 ,有的呈现明显的畸形 ,花粉管不能穿过乳突细胞 ,更不能进入花柱和胚囊发生受精 ,这些结果表明两者的亲和性较差。授转基因油菜的花粉后诸葛菜不能结实也进一步证明了两者的亲和性较差。上述结果表明抗除草剂转基因油菜的抗性基因向诸葛菜漂移的可能性较小。     

农杆菌介导法将FPFJ基因导入油菜的研究初报

将拟南芥早花基因FPF1（flowering promoting factor 1)插入双元高效表达载体pBI 121中,构建了植物表达载体pBIUbi-FPF1。以“双低”甘蓝型晚熟油菜品种2000 F4102,2000 F4153的下胚轴为转化受体,通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化获得抗卡那霉素的再生转基因植株,并探讨了影响油菜再生频率以及遗传转化效率的几个因素。对部分经卡那霉素筛选得到的再生植株进行了PCR检测,其中70％以上的卡那霉素抗性植株表现阳性,初步证明FPF1基因已整合到油菜细胞核基因组中。     

氮钾硫配方施肥对萝卜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响

为使人们能够吃上健康的无公害食品,采用三因素五水平最优回归设计,探讨了氮钾硫配方施肥对黄泥土萝卜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明,萝卜高产和低硝酸盐含量的最佳氮钾硫用量为N 180~200 kg/hm2,K2O 120~150 kg/hm2,S 135~160 kg/hm2。     

心里美萝卜生长动态和氮磷钾营养吸收特性

 对心里美萝卜生长动态及氮磷钾养分吸收规律的研究表明:播种后37～46 d（肉质根膨大初期）整株鲜、干重增长最快,吸收氮磷钾养分量最多。不同时期吸收量及比例不同。肉质根产量在75 812 kg/hm²时,平均每生产1 000 kg肉质根植株需吸收N 3.49 kg,P 0.39 kg,,K 3.46 kg,比例为1∶0.11∶0.99. 收获时植株吸收的各种养分主要贮存在肉质根中。     

不同氮肥水平下烯效唑对水萝卜产量和品质的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究不同氮肥水平下,喷施不同浓度烯效唑对水萝卜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:在不同施氮水平下,烯效唑处理均有利于水萝卜产量的提高,在低氮与高氮水平下,提高幅度分别为7.0%～43.3%和5.0%～24.8%;在增产的同时,烯效唑处理还能有效改善水萝卜的品质,表现为显著提高蛋白质、可溶性糖和维生素C含量,降低体内硝态氮的含量;喷施烯效唑还可以增加水萝卜叶片叶绿素的含量,提高叶片的同化能力。试验条件下,水萝卜达到高产、优质的烯效唑浓度为30 mg/kg。     

Uncommon associations in target resistance among French populations of Myzus persicae from oilseed rape crops

Within the framework of a molecular exploration of target resistance in populations of Myzus persicae on oilseed rapes in France, (1) the S431F mutation (coding gene ace2), although previously reckoned to be rare, revealed to be frequent, (2) M918L (phenotypically characterised) and L932F (both on para) were found for the first time in M. persicae, and (3) a linkage was revealed between M918L and S431F. While until recently populations developing on French oilseed rapes were dominated by genotypes possessing pyrethroid target resistance and esterase overproduction, to date a different type of dominating genotype, equipped with carbamate and pyrethroid target resistance, seems to be invading such fields.     

A nested‐PCR method for rapid detection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on petals of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

This study established a quick and accurate method to detect petal infection of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using a nested‐PCR technique. DNA samples were extracted from each petal using a microwave method, followed by two rounds of PCR amplification. The first‐round PCR amplification was performed using the universal fungal primer pair ITS4/ITS5, and the second‐round amplification with a specific primer pair XJJ21/XJJ222, which was designed using the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms among nuclear rDNA ITS sequences of Sclerotinia spp., Botrytis spp. and other selected fungi. The established technique is rapid and inexpensive, and has a high degree of specificity and sensitivity. This assay can distinguish Sclerotinia spp. from other fungi, including Botrytis cinerea, a closely related and frequent cohabitant on oilseed rape petals, and can detect 50 fg genomic DNA, five ascospores of S. sclerotiorumin vitro or 50 ascospores of S. sclerotiorum on one petal in approximately 6 h, even in the presence of a high background of oilseed rape DNA. This technique was successfully applied in detecting natural petal infections.