萝卜对土壤中全氟辛酸赋存形态影响及吸收特征

为探讨植物种植对土壤中全氟辛酸（Perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA）赋存形态影响及吸收特征,以根系发达的萝卜为代表性植物,通过盆栽试验,探究了不同浓度PFOA污染土壤中萝卜的生长、对PFOA的吸收利用及土壤中PFOA形态分布的变化。结果表明：萝卜的种植会显著改变土壤中PFOA的赋存形态,且存在浓度差异。与无种植组相比,种植萝卜显著提高了低浓度土壤中的PFOA有机结合态比例（12%）、降低了残渣态比例（10.5%）;显著降低了高浓度土壤中PFOA的可脱附态比例（4.9%）。萝卜可从土壤中富集PFOA,且地上部（茎、叶）富集能力显著高于地下部。低浓度（0.2 mg·kg^-1）PFOA暴露显著降低萝卜生物量,但高浓度（5 mg·kg^-1）并未对生物量产生显著影响。研究表明,萝卜种植可以改变污染土壤中PFOA的形态分布,进而影响PFOA对人类健康及环境的潜在风险。     

Molecular Characterization and Expression Profiles of Myrosinase Gene（RsMyr2） in Radish（Raphanus sativus L.）

Myrosinase is a defense-related enzyme and is capable of hydrolyzing glucosinolates into a variety of compounds, some of which are toxic to pathogens and herbivores. Many studies revealed that a number of important vegetables or oil crops contain the myrosinase-glucosinolate system. However, the related promoter and genomic DNA sequences as well as expression profiles of myrosinase gene remain largely unexplored in radish（Raphanus sativus）. In this study, the 2 798 bp genomic DNA sequence, designated as RsMyr2, was isolated and analyzed in radish. The RsMyr2 consisting of 12 exons and 11 introns reflected the common gene structure of myrosinases. Using the genomic DNA walking approach, the 5′-flanking region upstream of RsMyr2 with length of 1 711 bp was successfully isolated. PLACE and PlantCARE analyses revealed that this upstream region could be the promoter of RsMyr2, which contained several basic cis-regulatory elements including TATA-box, CAAT-box and regulatory motifs responsive to defense and stresses. Furthermore, recombinant pET-RsMyr2 protein separated by SDS-PAGE was identified as myrosinase with mass spectrometry. Real-time PCR analysis showed differential expression profiles of RsMyr2 in leaf, stem and root at different developmental stages（e.g., higher expression in leaf at cotyledon stage and lower in flesh root at mature stage）. Additionally, the RsMyr2 gene exhibited up-regulated expression when treated with abscisic acid（ABA）, methyl jasmonate（MeJA） and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）, whereas it was down-regulated by wounding（WO） treatment. The findings indicated that the expression of RsMyr2 gene was differentially regulated by these stress treatments. These results could provide new insight into elucidating the molecular characterization and biological function of myrosinase in radish.     

心里美萝卜种质创新研究

通过对萝卜皮色、肉色的遗传规律研究，初步认为心里美萝卜为杂交起源。利用绿皮绿肉和白皮白肉萝卜分别与红皮白肉萝卜杂交，后代连续自交分离出绿皮心里美萝卜和白皮心里美萝卜新种质；利用优质绿皮绿肉水果萝卜与心里美萝卜杂交后回交转育，创新出优质生食型心里美萝卜；通过杂交创新出紫皮红肉心里美萝卜，其根皮中红色素含量高于根肉。     

Interspecific hybridization inBrassica juncea × Brassica hirta using embryo rescue

Summary Interspecific hybrids have been obtained in an otherwise incompatible cross betweenBrassica juncea × Brassica hirta through the in vitro culture of hybrid ovules and ovaries. The best response was observed from ovules and ovaries cultured 10–15 and 5–7 days after pollination respectively on a basal medium supplemented with indoleacetic acid, kinetin and casein hydrolysate. In some cases the basal cut end of the ovaries proliferated to form callus and shoots. The in vitro-derived hybrid seeds varied in their colour, size and shape, and the F₁ plants in the field showed a large diversity in their morphological traits. The hybrids were sterile, and had an intermediate number of chromosomes (2n=30).     

Nucleus substitution of Brassica japonica Sieb. with Raphanus sativus L. and its resultant chlorophyll deficiency

Summary Nucleus substitution of Brassica japonica (2n=20) with Raphanus sativus (2n=18) was carried out by means of repeated backcrossing of Brassicoraphavus (2n=37) to R. sativus as a pollen donor. In the course of nucleus substitution, chlorophyll deficiency appeared. Plants with more than 28 chromosomes, like their parents, had green leaves and those with 24 to 26 chromosomes had yellowish green ones. Almost all plants with 18 to 23 chromosomes showed yellow or whitish yellow. The R. sativus with B. japonica cytoplasm (2n=18) was obtained after four successive backerosses. The completely substituted R. sativus showed the same fertility as the true R. sativus used as a recurrent parent. It is assumed that the chlorophyll deficiency is caused by disharmony between the B. japonica cytoplasm and the R. sativus nucleus. The chlorophyll deficiency is discussed in comparison with male sterility or other characters which sometimes occur in alloplasmic Raphanus and Brassica species.     

PPR‐B‐31: a new maintainer allele in the male‐fertility restorer gene of radish (Raphanus sativus) Ogura cytoplasm

The PPR‐B gene is responsible for male‐fertility restoration of the Ogura‐type male‐sterile radish plants, and it is located in the complex Rfo locus in the vicinity of similar PPR‐A gene and PPR‐C pseudogene. The aim of this study was to identify PPR‐B alleles and understand the structure of the Rfo locus in radish breeding lines. Five lines of radish with normal male‐fertile cytoplasm were tested. The entire PPR‐B gene was amplified, sequenced and allelic PPR‐B sequences were identified. The results indicated that the maintainer lines 7, 15 and 21 contained a non‐restoring form of PPR‐B protein. A unique PPR‐B was found in lines 24/15 and 31 that are restorer and maintainer lines, respectively. The substitutions might be responsible for the loss of a restoring function of the PPR‐B‐31 allele. Amplification of the PPR‐A/PPR‐B and PPR‐B/PPR‐C intergenic regions allowed to identify rearrangements within Rfo locus. Obtained results confirm the wide allelic variation within the Rfo locus, as well as high genetic complexity of the fertility restoration mechanism in radish.     

Components of a Cytoplasmic Male Sterility System in Resynthesized and Cultivated Forms of Oilseed Rape (Brassies napus L.)

Male sterile Brassica napus L. plants were found in breeding material which was used for the development of yellow-seeded oilseed rape. The genetic studies indicated that the male sterility was conditioned by the presence of maintamer genes in the nuclear backgrounds of two newly resynthesized B. napus lines, No7076 and No7406, in combination with a male sterility-inducing cytoplasm (S) which is frequently found in cultivated forms of B. napus. Test crosses with nap maintainer and restorer lines support the conclusion that the observed male sterility is of nap type. Furthermore, the Eco RI restriction pattern of mitochondrial DNA of the (S) cytoplasm was identical to that of the nap cytoplasm. Hence, we conclude that we have uncovered a new source of maintainer lines for the nap system which could potentially lead to the production of a better maintainer/restorer system for use in hybrid oilseed rape breeding programmes. However, more work is needed to reduce the glucosinolate content of the maintainer lines and to determine the factors controlling the phenotypic expression of the system.     

A genetic study of growth characters and yield characters of oilseed rape

Summary Analysis of single plants in parental, F₁ and F₂ populations of three crosses of oilseed rape indicated cytoplasmic effects in F₁ or F₂ generations for most of the observed characters. There was evidence of dominance for early flowering and early maturity. Heterosis was exhibited for yield and yield components. The heritabilities for the characters under study were generally very low.     

基于Radarsat-2影像的复杂种植结构下旱地作物识别

为提高基于Radarsat-2旱地作物识别的精度,该文研究了一种复杂种植结构背景下具有共同生长期作物的识别方法。研究区为一个12 km×12 km的样方,位于内蒙古上库力农场额很队,以春小麦、油菜2种共同生长期作物为识别对象,利用Spot-6影像和Radarsat-2影像,在数据预处理的基础上分析研究区内典型地物样本的后向散射系数在不同极化波段上的变化特征,根据该变化特征设计图像增强算法,然后基于图像增强后的影像设定合理的阈值实现作物识别提取。结果表明：该方法准确识别并有效提取了共同生长期作物春小麦和油菜的种植面积,总体精度达到97%,Kappa系数为0.96。该方法简便、快捷、可靠,为春小麦、油菜等旱地共同生长期作物种植面积提取提供重要的科学技术支撑。     

水分状况及硼素营养对油菜苗期根系生长及硼营养效率的影响

采用温室盆栽试验 ,研究了不同土壤水分条件下施硼对油菜苗期根系生长、硼吸收、利用及其移动性的影响。结果表明 ,随土壤含水量、施硼量的下降 ,油菜根长、根体积、根系生长速率、根 /冠比减小 ,根系及地上部干物质积累降低 ,植株地上部硼浓度及含硼量下降。而硼利用效率、硼运移指数则随土壤含水量、施硼量的下降而升高。不同油菜品种的根系形态参数 (包括根长、根体积、根干重、根冠比及根系生长速率 )、硼利用效率及运移指数存在明显差异 ,即在相同条件下 ,V1根系较发达 ,硼利用效率、运移指数均高于V4 。研究认为 ,根系发达程度、硼利用效率及硼移动性大小是不同基因型油菜耐缺硼差异的重要因素。