CaO/MgO复合固体碱催化剂催化降解木质素的研究

在氧化镁载体上浸渍醋酸钙后烧结制备了CaO/MgO复合固体碱催化剂,所制固体碱催化剂的表面碱度与催化剂制备条件有关:当CaO/MgO比值为0.08、在700℃下煅烧时间24 h时制得的催化剂表面碱度可达到30.2 mmol/g。以该固体碱催化剂催化木质素中醚键断裂反应,测试结果表明木质素降解产物重均相对分子质量(Mw)可从3 000降低至800以下,羟值由200 mg/g增加至480 mg/g左右。FT-IR表征结果表明降解产物中醚键含量明显减少,羟基含量增多。     

Awara (Astrocaryum vulgare M.) pulp oil: chemical characterization, and anti-inflammatory properties in a mice model of endotoxic shock and a rat model of pulmonary inflammation

Awara (Astrocaryum vulgare M.) is a palm fruit mainly used in nutrition. We analysed the pulp oil for fatty acid, tocopherol, carotenoid, and phytosterol and we evaluated whether this oil may attenuate inflammation in vivo. In an endotoxic shock model, awara pulp oil treatment decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines. In a pulmonary inflammation model, awara pulp oil treatment reduced eosinophil and lymphocyte numbers recovered into the broncho-alveolar lavages. These results suggest that awara pulp oil administration can efficiently counteract an acute and chronic inflammatory response in vivo that is probably mediated by fatty acids and minor compounds.     

Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Terminalia macroptera root

The root of Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) is widely used in African traditional medicine to treat various infectious diseases, including stomach-associated diseases. This study investigates the in vitro activity of T. macroptera root extract against reference strains and clinical isolates of H. pylori and attempts to localize the extract bioactivity. T. macroptera hydroethanol (80% V/V) root extract (Tmr) activity was tested against three standard strains and sixty two clinical strains of H. pylori. Tmr liquid-liquid partition fractions were screened against twenty H. pylori strains. Qualitative analysis of Tmr and its fractions was performed by HPLC-UV/DAD. The antibiotic characterization of the H. pylori strains revealed that 20% of the tested clinical isolates were resistant to at least two of the three antibiotics belonging to the main groups of antibiotics used in multi-therapy to eradicate H. pylori infections. In contrast, Tmr showed anti-H. pylori activity against the majority (92%) of the tested strains (MIC(50) and MIC(90)=200 μg/ml). The Tmr water liquid-liquid fraction (Tmr-3) and the precipitate obtained from this fraction (Tmr-5) were the most active tested samples, showing a MIC(50) of 100 μg/ml. The present work proves the in vitro activity of T. macroptera against H. pylori, thus confirming the utility of this traditional medicinal plant to treat stomach complaints due to H. pylori infection. The main compounds of Tmr and of Tmr-3 were the ellagitannins terchebulin and punicalagin. These compounds can be considered as markers of T. macroptera root active extracts against H. pylori.     

含双肟醚结构的2-甲氧亚氨基-2-(2-(取代苯基)苯基)乙酰甲胺系列衍生物的合成和抑菌活性研究

2-甲基苯甲酰甲酸甲酯通过与甲胺、甲氧基胺的盐酸盐、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)和取代苯乙酮肟多步反应合成了11个含双肟醚结构的2-甲氧亚氨基-2-(2-(取代苯基)苯基)乙酰甲胺的衍生物(G1～G11)。目标化合物的结构经IR、1H NMR和GC-MS确认。用10μg.mL-1目标化合物进行初步离体抑菌活性试验,结果表明:G4对油菜菌核病、蔬菜灰霉病、小麦赤霉病、小麦纹枯病有抑菌活性;G11对蔬菜灰霉病、小麦赤霉病、小麦纹枯病有抑菌活性。     

松香醇聚氧乙烯醚的合成及其结构与性能关系研究

首次系统研究松香醇与环氧乙烷的加成反应。在低温条件下，此反应属于离子对机理，高温下为离子机理，得出较适宜的反应条件：催化剂KOH，用量为松香醇用量的0.5%-0.6%，温度150℃，压力0.2-0.3MPa，脱水条件100-140℃/1.33kPa,30min。测定了合成产品的表面物理化学性能：表面张力（δ）达到33.0-39.8dyn/cm；临界胶束浓度（CMC）在10^-4数量级；钙皂分散指数（LSDP）5.1%-13.5%；对松节油乳化力（EP）为64-185S；浊点（CP）26-77℃；HLB值8.9-16.2。研究了环氧乙烷聚合度（n）对产品表面物理化学性能的影响：随着n的增加，δ先下降，然后逐渐上升，CMC、LSDP、CP、HLB值逐渐升高，EP先升高，到n=10时，变化趋于平缓。     

Promotion of liver and kidney carcinogenesis by ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) in male Wistar rats

Tumor-promoting effects of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) were investigated in a 2-stage carcinogenesis bioassay with regard to hepatic and renal carcinogenesis in rats. Male 6-week-old Wistar rats were given drinking water containing N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nitrosamine (EHEN), as an initiator, at a dose of 500 ppm for 2 weeks. Starting one week thereafter, the animals were administered ETBE at dose levels of 0 (control), 100, 300, 500 or 1,000 mg/kg/day by gavage for 19 weeks from week 4 to 22. Necropsy of all rats was performed at week 23, and livers and kidneys were examined histopathologically. Incidences of hepatocellular adenomas, and those of combined hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas were significantly elevated in rats given 1,000 mg/kg/day ETBE, but not 100‒500 mg/kg/day ETBE, and there was a significant increase in the average numbers of lesions. No significant differences in incidences and average numbers of renal tubule neoplasms were found in rats administered 100‒1,000 mg/kg/day ETBE. However, the average numbers of atypical tubule hyperplasias, considered to be preneoplastic lesions, were significantly increased in rats given ETBE at 1,000 mg/kg/day, but not in rats given 500 mg/kg/day or lower doses. Thus, these results imply that ETBE has hepatic and renal tumor-promoting activities that affect EHEN-induced carcinogenesis in male rats, and the no-observed-effect level is 500 mg/kg/day under the present experimental conditions.     

Digestibility of nutrients and energy in ingredients for bullfrogs during different phases of development

The ability of frogs to digest dietary nutrients changes with growth, with the animals becoming more or less demanding. The objective of this study was to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein, energy and ether extract of 14 ingredients used in bullfrog diets (spray‐dried blood meal, hydrolysed feather meal, poultry by‐product meal, red blood cell concentrate, tilapia by‐product meal, sardine fishmeal, salmon fishmeal, meat and bone meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, corn, wheat bran, soy protein concentrate and soybean oil). A total of 2,325 bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) in different phases of development were used: early phase (mean weight of 30–50 g), growth phase (80–110 g) and finishing phase (150–200 g). Faeces were collected using the method of dissection. Marked differences in digestibility of the ingredients were observed between the different phases of frog development. Among the ingredients studied, salmon fishmeal and corn gluten meal showed good utilization of the protein (78.9% and 86.7%, respectively) and energy fraction (89.4% and 83.3%, respectively). The salmon fishmeal, poultry by‐product meal, sardine fishmeal, soy protein concentrate, wheat bran and soybean oil exhibited good ether extract utilization (81.2%–92.8%), recommending their use in bullfrog diets.     

一种荧光素衍生物的表征及活细胞荧光示踪应用

【目的】通过研究荧光素二叔丁基二甲基硅醚(FTBS)的聚集诱导发光效应,将FTBS用于活细胞的长期荧光示踪。【方法】采用荧光素与叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷发生亲核取代,合成荧光素二叔丁基二甲基硅醚;通过测试其荧光发射强度和粒子直径,首次证实其具有聚集诱导发光效应;通过对人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa的染色试验,确定细胞染色时间和浓度。【结果】通过细胞染色,证实FTBS是具有良好细胞通透性的荧光探针,实现基于FTBS的活细胞长期荧光示踪。【结论】基于FTBS的聚集诱导发光效应和良好的细胞通透性,可将其用于对癌细胞及分裂产生的子细胞进行长时间跟踪监测,对于标记癌细胞和监测癌细胞增殖具有一定意义。     

车用直喷二甲醚发动机的排放控制试验

对CA498型车用直喷二甲醚发动机采用2种排气再循环（EGR）方案进行试验研究。结果表明，随着EGR率的增加，2种方案都可以降低二甲醚发动机的NOx排放量，其中采用方案2冷EGR时NOx排放量下降显著，EGR率达到20％时，NOx排放量可下降约40％，且二甲醚发动机的热效率无明显下降。在二甲醚发动机上加装氧化型催化反应后处理器的试验结果表明，氧化型催化反应器在所有工况下都可使二甲醚发动机的CO排放量显著下降。试验结果表明采用EGR、氧化型催化反应处理器是控制二甲醚发动机排放的有效措施。     

MTBE和Cd复合作用对土壤酶活性和小麦吸收重金属的影响

采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度(0,5,10,50,100,200,300,400,500mg/kg)的MTBE和相同浓度系列MTBE与Cd(5 mg/kg)复合作用对土壤酶活性的影响以及复合作用对小麦吸收重金属的影响.结果表明:MTBE作用下土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性表现出先增高后降低的趋势,在MTBE浓度为50mg/kg时,3种土壤酶活性达到最高值,与对照相比分别提高了14.7％,4.2％,10.1％;复合作用下3种土壤酶活性表现出先降低然后升高再降低的趋势,在MTBE浓度为10mg/kg时与对照相比分别降低了17.2％,8.7％,14.0％;在MTBE浓度为50 mg/kg时,可以缓解重金属对3种土壤酶活性的抑制作用,但酶活性仍低于空白组;在MTBE浓度为200,300,400,500mg/kg时,2种物质的复合作用抑制了3种酶的活性;复合作用对土壤酶活性的抑制比MTBE作用要明显;复合作用下小麦中重金属含量表现出增高的趋势,这说明MTBE增加了Cd的可迁移性,从而使土壤中的Cd含量降低.