Safety Coal Mining Technology under Overlying Water -bearing Quicksand Stratum

含水流砂层下煤炭资源的开采是个工程难题，方法不当就可能引发淹井事故。对白音查干煤矿矿井水文地质特征进行了分析，认为对矿井开采构成威胁的水体为第四系流砂含水层。根据井田的水文地质特征和矿井涌水量预计，建议采取地面和井下联合疏放水措施，以保证煤炭的安全开采。     

一类具有变号非线性项的Schr(o)dinger方程的解

利用山路定理讨论了一类带变号非线性项的Schr(o)dinger方程解的存在性.     

矿山土地复垦工程项目估算标准研究

鉴于目前我国矿山土地复垦项目投资缺乏相应标准和依据的现状,为制订矿山土地复垦项目相关投资标准作准备,方便矿山土地复垦工程建设管理和合理确定工程造价,采用系统论方法、对比分析法、演绎和归纳相结合的方法,按工程建设项目的组成,将建设项目整体进行科学分解,划分为若干单项工程、单位工程,每个单位工程又划分为若干分部工程、分项工程的结构。最终将矿山土地复垦项目划分为工程措施、生物与化学措施两大部分。根据两大复垦措施的特点并遵循工程项目划分的要求,逐步深入、细化后构建为一、二、三和四级项目。     

河北蔚县废弃煤矿生态恢复树种筛选

以河北蔚县的废弃小煤矿为背景,根据研究区的气候特点和土壤性质,初选出4种灌木、8种乔木,采用人为干预和自然选择相结合的方式进行适应性试验。结果表明:4种灌木、8种乔木均能适应试验区域的生长环境,灌木中荆条和紫穗槐的生长势显著强于酸枣和沙地柏,乔木中臭椿、刺槐、火炬树、栾树的生长势显著强于黄栌、五角枫、侧柏、栓皮栎。并提出了研究区的植物群落恢复的模式。     

基于MATLAB的BP神经网络模型在矿井涌水量预测中的应用

指出了矿井涌水量预测问题受到多种因素的共同影响,具有非线性和高度复杂性。分析了利用BP神经网络预测矿井涌水量的可行性,首先收集了淮南新集二矿2009年12个月份的涌水量数据,然后通过这些数据对已经构建好的神经网络进行训练并用训练后的结果对该年11月和12月的矿井涌水量进行了预测,最后用预测结果同实际值进行了比较。结果表明:该模型收敛性能良好,预测精度高,可操作性强。     

塌陷矿区生态修复规划研究——以安徽省宿州市蕲县镇白陈村为例

长期过量的煤炭开采使得宿州市蕲县镇地表大面积整块塌陷,减小了当地农民的耕作范围,使地区社会经济的发展受到阻碍,并且对矿区周边的生态环境造成了破坏性的影响。结合蕲县镇白陈村采煤塌陷地块,从生态景观规划的角度出发,探讨怎样结合塌陷矿区各方面的实地现状进行合理规划,以期实现较好的生态效益、经济效益与社会效益。     

Changes in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Soil Biological Parameters in a Revegetated Coal Mine Spoil

Coal mining leads to severe land degradation and creates huge amounts of mine spoil. Coal mine spoil contains toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from coal, which can be alleviated through revegetation with suitable tree species. The present study was aimed at evaluating the impact of different tree species (Albizia lebbeck , Cassia siamea , Delonix regia , and Dalbergia sissoo ) on the quality of coal mine spoil and changes in PAH concentration. Soil samples were collected from the revegetated coalmine overburden dumps of Jharia coalfield, Dhanbad, India and analysed by GC‐MS for 16 priority PAHs and soil quality parameters were analyzed by standard analytical protocols. Reclamation improved the biological properties of the mine spoil: microbial biomass (+59–176%), dehydrogenase activity (+46–198%), fluorescein diacetate hydrolase activity (+104–127%), phenol oxidase activity (+150–250%), and peroxidase activity (+93–181%). PAH concentration in revegetated mine spoil ranged from 0 · 51 to 1 · 35 mg kg⁻¹, with a significance reduction in total as well as individual PAHs. For individual tree species, total PAH reduction decreased in the order: C. siamea (81 · 6%) > A. lebbeck (55 · 6%) > D. regia (51 · 9%) > D. sissoo (51 · 5%). Correlation analysis showed significant association between the degradation of PAHs and soil biological properties of revegetated site. Microbial biomass carbon and soil enzymes were negatively correlated with PAH content in the mine spoil. But microbial stress indicators like respiration/microbial carbon ratio were not correlated, which revealed no adverse effect of PAH on soil microbes. Principal component analysis revealed that most of the biological parameters were closely associated with the degradation of low molecular weight PAHs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antimony and Arsenic Uptake by Plants in an Abandoned Mining Area

Abstract

The degree of antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) pollution and their bioavailability in mining‐affected grassland soils were determined. Antimony and As concentrations in aboveground parts of plants, collected in three consecutive years, were measured to investigate their uptake capacity, food chain contamination, and ecological risks. Total Sb and As contents in soils ranged from 60 to 230 mg/kg and from 42 to 4530 mg/kg, respectively, indicating a high degree of pollution of soils. The mobile fractions of Sb (0.02–0.27% of the total Sb content) and As (0.02–0.70% of the total As content) in soils, which reflect the plant‐available portion, are extremely low compared to total Sb and As contents in soils. The Sb and As contents in plants were also very low in both study areas. This lower accumulation of Sb and As in the plants is attributed to the low bioavailability of Sb and As in mine soils. Antimony and As contents in some plants were lower than the controls, and the concentrations in some plants were slightly higher than the normal grass mean level but were less than the phytotoxic or toxic levels for human or livestock consumption. The results of this study demonstrate that the plants growing in these mining areas, which have evolved As and Sb tolerance and detoxification capacity, can be cultivated to phytostabilize the metalloid‐contaminated mining sites.     

湘潭锰矿废弃地土壤重金属污染及其评价

对湘潭锰矿废弃地土壤中Ni、Cd、Cu、Mn、Pb和Zn的含量进行了测定分析,并采用污染指数评价法对矿区废弃地土壤重金属的污染程度进行了评价.结果表明:湘潭锰矿矿区废弃地土壤中Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn 、Cd、Ni的平均含量分别为:8 853.21、95.80、1 211.29、685.36、13.15和91.33 mg/kg;用3种不同的背景值对废弃地土壤重金属污染程度的评价结果是一致的,6种重金属元素的单项污染指数均大于2,表示被污染,其中以Mn、Pb、Cd污染最为严重;综合污染指数均大于3,达5级为重污染.     

The Potential for Waste‐Derived Materials to Form Soil Covers for the Restoration of Mine Tailings in Ireland

Revegetation of mine tailings sites can require significant amounts of topsoil, the sourcing of which can be costly and have detrimental impacts. To address this problem at an Irish mine tailings site, engineered soils were created by mixing varying rates of glacial till with stockpiled peat and compost. Soil status was assessed using a range of soil parameters and vegetation growth characteristics and compared with locally sourced topsoil. Hordeum vulgare (Barley) germination and growth trials were assessed on engineered soils: compost with glacial till, peat with glacial till, compost/ peat with glacial till and topsoil. A range of soil quality parameters were examined including: nutrient status, dehydrogenase activity, metals availability and physical characteristics (bulk/particle density and porosity). Results demonstrate that compost derived soils yielded superior plant biomass and nutrient content, whilst peat derived treatments exhibited nutrient deficiency. Whilst the engineered soils offer potential as an alternative to sourcing topsoil for covering mine tailings, the phosphorus and metal content of composts should be assessed prior to inclusion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.