降低饲粮氮或/和磷含量并添加复合酶对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究降低饲粮氮或/和磷含量并添加复合酶对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响。试验选择96头体重为(36.0±4.8)kg的生长猪,随机分为4组(每组3个重复,每个重复8头猪),分别饲喂不添加复合酶的正常饲粮(对照组)、添加复合酶的低氮饲粮(低氮组)、添加复合酶的低磷饲粮(低磷组)和添加复合酶的低氮低磷饲粮(低氮低磷组),试验期为37d。结果显示:各组间平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。低磷组和低氮低磷组生长猪的磷消化率显著高于对照组和低氮组(P<0.05)。除半胱氨酸(Cys)、蛋氨酸(Met)和酪氨酸(Tyr)的消化率低氮低磷组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)外,其他氨基酸的消化率各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。低氮低磷组生长猪血清中钙含量显著高于对照组和低磷组(P<0.05),4组之间血清中总蛋白、磷、尿素氮含量与碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,在适量降低生长猪饲粮中氮和磷含量的同时添加复合酶对生长猪的生长性能无显著影响,还可以提高磷的利用效率,减少粪便中氮和磷的排放。     

A review of phosphorus homeostasis and the impact of different types and amounts of dietary phosphate on metabolism and renal health in cats

Elevated concentrations of serum phosphate are linked with progression and increased case fatality rate in animals and humans with chronic kidney disease. Elevated concentrations of serum phosphate can be a risk factor for development of renal and cardiovascular diseases or osteoporosis in previously healthy people. In rodents, an excess intake of dietary phosphorus combined with an inverse dietary calcium : phosphorus ratio (<1 : 1) contributes to renal calcification. Renal injury also has occured in cats fed experimental diets supplemented with highly soluble phosphate salts, especially in diets with inverse calcium : phosphorus ratios. However, not all phosphorus sources contribute similarly to this effect. This review, which focuses on cats, summarizes the published evidence regarding phosphorus metabolism and homeostasis, including the relative impact of different dietary phosphorus sources, and their impact on the kidneys. No data currently shows that commercial cat foods induce renal injury. However, some diets contain high amounts of phosphorus relative to recommendations and some have inverse Ca : P ratios and so could increase the risk for development of kidney disease. While limiting the use of highly soluble phosphates appears to be important, there are insufficient data to support a specific upper limit for phosphate intake. This review also proposes areas where additional research is needed in order to strengthen conclusions and recommendations regarding dietary phosphorus for cats.     

复合双歧杆菌制剂对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响

为研究复合双歧杆菌制剂对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响,试验选择健康、体重相近的杜寒杂交肉羊60只随机分成4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只,1组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加2.5％、5.0％、10％的复合双歧杆菌制剂,预试验7 d,试验期56 d.结果表明:(1)试验3...     

临武鸭肉质营养特性

试验旨在分析、评价临武鸭的肉质性能及营养成分,通过化学分析与仪器分析相结合的方法,测定临武鸭肌肉中的常规营养指标和氨基酸、肌苷酸、脂肪酸含量。结果表明,临武鸭肌肉中水分含量胸肌显著(P<0.05)高于腿肌,腿肌能量极显著(P<0.01)高于胸肌,其它指标公母间、部位间差异不显著。公母间胸肌17种氨基酸、8种脂肪酸、肌苷酸含量之间差异不显著。与其它鸭种比较发现临武鸭具有水分含量较低,肌苷酸、谷氨酸含量和氨基酸总含量比较高,脂肪酸组成以不饱和脂肪酸含量高的特点。     

六茜素注射液的亚慢性毒性试验

为了研究六茜素注射液的安全性,进行了六茜素注射液的亚慢性毒性试验。试验每天给大白鼠灌服六茜素注射液80、160、320 mg/kg,对各组大白鼠的体重变化、脏器系数、血液生理生化指标及心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胸腺等脏器病理变化进行了测定和分析。结果表明,试验组大白鼠的各脏器无明显肉眼可见剖检病变;试验组大白鼠的各脏器系数与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);320 mg/kg剂量组大白鼠的肝脏和肾脏器官出现轻微的病理变化。结果说明,六茜素注射液毒性低,可以安全用于动物。     

常山提取物急性毒性试验研究

为了评价常山提取物的安全性,对其进行了小白鼠的急性毒性试验。预试验初步确定用药剂量,正式试验取60只昆明种小白鼠,灌胃给药后,连续观察7 d,记录小白鼠的急性毒性反应,并通过改良寇氏法计算常山提取物对小白鼠的半数致死量(LD₅₀)及LD₅₀的95％可信限。结果表明,给药组部分小白鼠出现中毒反应并死亡,剖检主要脏器未见病理变化,测得LD₅₀为18.16 g/kg体重,LD₅₀的95％可信限为15.35~21.49 g/kg体重。试验结果初步提示,常山提取物的毒性很低,临床用药安全可靠。     

三氟氯氰菊酯对小鼠骨髓细胞微核及精子畸形和蓄积毒性的影响研究

通过三氟氯氰菊酯对小鼠的骨髓细胞微核及精子畸形和蓄积毒性影响的研究,进一步阐明三氟氯氰菊酯的毒理作用。选取健康成年小鼠50只,随机分为给药高、中、低剂量组,阳性对照组和空白对照组,每组各10只。给药组分别以三氟氯氰菊酯水溶液9.18、4.59、2.29 mg/kg体重灌胃,空白对照组给予等量的生理盐水灌胃,每天1次,连续4 d;阳性对照组以环磷酰胺80 mg/kg体重腹腔注射1次;评价三氟氯氰菊酯对小鼠骨髓细胞微核的影响;另取健康成年雄性小鼠50只,随机分为给药高、中、低剂量组,阳性对照和空白对照组,每组10只;给药组分别以三氟氯氰菊酯水溶液9.18、4.59、2.29 mg/kg体重灌胃;阳性对照组以环磷酰胺80 mg/kg灌胃,空白对照组给予等量的0.9%生理盐水灌胃,每天1次,连续5 d,计算精子畸形率。选择健康小鼠40只,随机分20只为蓄积毒性试验组,20只为空白对照组。试验组采用剂量递增连续染毒法来评价三氟氯氰菊酯的蓄积毒性,计算累积系数,按累积系数的评价标准评价蓄积毒性。结果表明,三氟氯氰菊酯为明显蓄积物质,对小鼠生长造成严重损害;三氟氯氰菊酯高剂量组精子畸形率与空白对照组相比差异极显著;三氟氯氰菊酯高剂量组微核率与空白对照组相比差异极显著。因此,三氟氯氰菊酯为明显蓄积物质,且具有极强的致畸、致突变作用。     

菊粉的原生素作用研究进展

本文综述了菊粉的原生素作用及机理 ,主要包括菊粉的微生物发酵、营养、免疫和抗癌作用等。     

Macrocyclic lactone toxicity due to abamectin in farm dogs without the ABCB1 gene mutation

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: A 5-year-old entire female Huntaway from a sheep and beef farm was one of four dogs that developed clinical signs including hypersalivation, depression, blindness and ataxia after the death of another dog. A 4-year-old female Huntaway farm dog from a second farm was observed to be sitting down more often than usual on the day after being fed part of a calf carcass that had been treated with an abamectin pour-on.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: The first dog was ataxic and depressed but did respond to sound. The second dog presented with an acute onset of blindness, mydriasis, absence of a menace response, hypersalivation, gait abnormalities (e.g. high stepping gait and ataxia), and depression. Other presenting signs included muscle tremors, dehydration and difficulty eating. No abnormalities were detected from routine haematology and biochemistry. Analysis of samples of plasma from both dogs revealed concentrations of abamectin of 0.149 mg/L and 0.260 mg/L for the first and second dogs, respectively. Buccal swabs taken from the first dog for DNA testing for the ABCB1 gene mutation, gave a negative result.

DIAGNOSIS: In addition to the presenting signs which suggested a toxicosis, both dogs had measurable concentrations of abamectin in plasma confirming exposure.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Farm dogs exposed to concentrated pour-on products containing abamectin have been poisoned and recover or die. The product labels do not carry any warnings as to the risk of poisoning to dogs. This paper discusses two incidents affecting six farm dogs, but the authors are aware of more toxicoses in farm dogs exposed to abamectin.     

锌对雏鸭外周血T-淋巴细胞的影响

15 0只 1日龄天府肉鸭健雏随机分为 3组 ,分别喂给缺锌 (每千克日粮含 Zn 2 2 .9mg)、对照 (每千克日粮含 Zn10 0 mg)和锌中毒 (每 kg日粮含 Zn130 0 mg)日粮 7周或 4周 ,以酸性 - α-醋酸萘酯酶 (ANAE)染色法观测外周血 T-淋巴细胞的动态变化。结果锌缺乏组和锌中毒组雏鸭外周血 T-淋巴细胞的 ANAE阳性率显著低于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,表明锌缺乏或锌中毒可抑制 T-淋巴细胞的生成 ,降低其在外周血中的数量。本试验还对锌缺乏和锌中毒引起的外周血 T-淋巴细胞减少的机理进行了探讨