生产函数异质性与地区农业经济增长——基于时空异质弹性生产函数模型

利用改革开放以来中国31个省(市、自治区,统计数据未含港、澳、台地区,下同)农业要素投入产出数据,基于农业要素收入份额存在较大差异的基本国情,从时间和空间维度放宽传统Cobb-Douglas生产函数模型产出弹性为固定常数的假定,通过构建时空异质弹性生产函数模型对改革开放以来中国不同地区、不同阶段农业要素投入、技术进步与...     

植物纤维素合成酶基因的进化分析

从基因库中调取已完成测序的纤维素合成酶CesA(Cellulose synthase)基因序列和氨基酸序列,共涉及15个物种的89个基因,基于以上氨基酸序列,应用常用的系统发生关系树生成软件MEGA3.1,做出这89个基因的系统发生关系树。综合已知的模式植物CesA基因的功能(仅指初生壁或次生壁形成特异性),可推测某些未知功能基因的可能功能。研究还发现绿竹CesA基因与玉米和大麦CesA基因在系统发生关系和同源性方面关系密切。CesA一级结构可变区中半胱氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸和丝氨酸等氨基酸的含量变化较大,在同一位点半胱氨酸多是与丙氨酸、丝氨酸和缬氨酸发生相互替换。     

生物有机肥配施硅钙钾镁肥对西瓜产量、品质及土壤养分的影响

为科学减少化肥用量,改善土壤结构和环境,研究生物有机肥和硅钙钾镁肥对作物生长和改善土壤养分方面的作用,以‘L600’小果型西瓜为研究对象,设置生物有机肥配施硅钙钾镁肥并减少底肥化肥用量等4个处理,以常规施肥作为对照,研究上述肥料对西瓜产量、品质及土壤养分的影响。结果表明：生物有机肥配施硅钙钾镁肥与常规施肥相比,产量提高8.05%,心糖含量提高13.08%,边糖含量提高5.77%,维生素C含量提高18.57%,总酸含量降低31.25%、硝酸盐含量下降18.22%。两种肥料对改善土壤环境具有积极作用,土壤pH、有效磷、速效钾含量对比常规施肥明显升高。在此条件下减少底肥化肥施用,能够保证西瓜产量和品质,是一种有效的减量施肥方法。     

临时收储政策退出对玉米期货和现货价格发现功能的影响

借助改进的蛛网模型,分析了临时收储政策退出对我国玉米期货和现货市场价格发现功能的影响机理;并综合运用滚动协整、VECM、BEKK-GARCH与IS模型,系统探究了2009-2019年我国临储政策及其改革对玉米期货和现货市场价格发现功能的影响.研究发现:1)我国玉米期货和现货价格存在相互引导关系.2)BEKK-GARCH...     

广西沿海地区桉树林地土壤养分现状与评价

通过对广西沿海地区桉树林地土壤养分测定分析,结果表明:土壤的pH值为4.07~5.30;有机质为0.49%~7.26%;全N为0.02%~0.23%;全P为0.03%~0.10%;全K为0.14%~3.08%;速效N为20.2~137.3 mg/kg;速效P为0.3~23.9 mg/kg;速效K为3.6~88.8 mg/kg;有效Cu为0.25~0.80 mg/kg;有效Zn为0.30~1.90 mg/kg;有效B为0.04~0.33 mg/kg。根据广西土壤养分含量等级划分标准,认为该地区土壤中的大量元素(N、P、K)和微量元素(B)均普遍缺乏,特别是大量元素(P、K)和微量元素(B)缺乏最为严重。因此,经营桉树速丰林不仅要施肥,还要合理施肥。     

温度、丙烯和1-MCP对西洋梨果实乙烯合成和乙烯受体ETR1同源基因表达的影响

研究了贮藏温度、丙烯和 1 MCP (1-甲基环丙烯 )处理对帕斯—卡桑 (Passe -Crassane)西洋梨果实成熟的影响。结果表明 :低温可促进果实的乙烯合成 ,未经低温处理的果实 ,用丙烯处理 ,不能正常合成乙烯。丙烯促进乙烯合成的效应随冷藏时间延长而增强。1 MCP处理可抑制冷藏果实的乙烯合成。定量PCR分析结果表明 ,果实中乙烯受体ETR1同源基因的表达不受低温的调节 ;但冷藏后升温或升温后用丙烯处理时 ,mRNA含量降低     

Correlation between intraventricular pressure and early phase proto-oncogene expression in volume overload rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of intraventricular pressure change by volume overload (VOL) on expression of proto-oncogene c-fos,c-jun,c-myc and egr-1. METHODS: Left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) of rat with VOL induced by aortacaval fistula operation and rats of control group were measured at 30 min, 1, 4, 6, 12 and 48 h after the operation,these mRNAs at the foregoing time points were measured by slot bloting method and quantified with densitometry. RESULTS: Be compared with the control group, VOL rats LVSP decreased (P＜0.05) and declined most remarkably at 48 h,LVEDP elevated significantly at 30 min (P＜0.05), reached a maximal value at 12 h and the levels of control group at 48 h (P＞0.05) after the operation.The proto-oncogene expression signals were not detected in the control,negative controls and VOL rats at 30 min after the operation. The c-fos,c-jun and egr-1 mRNA signals appeared earlier,at 1 h, and c-myc mRNA increased later at 4 h.All reached peak value at 4 h and then declined gradually.The c-fos mRNA were not detected at 48 h. The c-myc,c-0jun and egr-1 mRNA persisted throught the entire observation period from 1 h to 48 h. CONCLUSIONS: During VOL early phase the overload have effect on expression of the proto-oncogene mRNA,c-fos,c-jun and egr-1 mRNA appear earlier, c-myc later,egr-1,c-jun and c-myc persist longer period, but the expressions do not strengthen with the ventricule wall load increase.This sequential induction pattern may reflect the time course regularity of the proto-oncogenes expression induced by VOL,and indicate the proto-oncogenes expression initiate while the heart load accumulate some extent and duration and the load magnitude may not play a critical role.     

Experimental research on cardiac fibrosis induced by recombinant mouse interleukin-11 in mice

AIM To observe the effect of recombinant mouse interleukin-11 （rmIL-11）injected subcutaneously into mice on heart structure and function and to determine its pro-fibrotic effect. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.The mice in experimental group were injected subcutaneously with recombinant mouse IL-11 at the dose of 100 μg·kg^-1·d^-1 for 3 consecutive weeks, while the control group were given equal volume of normal saline in the same way. After the experiment was finished, the parameters of heart function were measured by echocardiography.The heart weight was weighed and the cardiac weight index (CWI) was calculated. HE staining and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to observe the pathological changes and the extent of myocardial fibrosis in mouse myocardia respectively, and the cardiac collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculated. The expression levels of extracellular matrix proteins in the myocardial tissues of mice, including type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen and fibronectin, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fraction shortening in experimental group were obviously lower than those in control group (P<0.01), however left ventricular end-diastolic diamension and left ventricular end systolic dimension were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the CWI was increased (P<0.01), the myocardial arrangement was disorder, the necrosis of cardiac myocytes was increased, and excessive deposition of collagen was observed in the myocardial tissues in experimental group. Correspondingly, the CVF and protein levels of type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen and fibronectin in the left ventricle in experimental group were increased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Injection of rmIL-11 into the mice subcutaneously induces fibrogenesis in the heart, which implies that IL-11 is likely a novel pro-fibrotic factor.     

Fine-scale vegetation patches decline in size and cover with increasing rainfall in Australian savannas

Fine-scale vegetation patches (<5 m in width) are critically important in many landscapes because they function to obstruct surface flows of water and wind. These obstructions increase the infiltration of runoff and the capture of nutrients in runoff sediments and in wind-blown soil and litter. The importance of redistribution of runoff into runon patches from spaces between patches (fetches) is likely to be greater in drier than in wetter environments. In this paper we examine the hypothesis that the ratio of fetch to patch decreases as rainfall increases, and that this trend will be most evident on intermediate-textured soils because these soils are more prone to runoff. We measured fine-scale patches on 38 sites with sand, loam or clay soils. Sites were located along a 1000-mm rainfall gradient in the savannas of northern Australia. The width and intercept length of patches and the fetch between patches was measuring along line transects of 100–120 m oriented down slope. We found that the ratio of fetch to patch area did not decrease with decreasing rainfall, but increased on both sand and loam soils. This result was because with increasing rainfall mean spacing between patches disproportionally increased while mean patch size and cover declined. The cover of patches was negatively correlated with tree canopy cover, which significantly increased with rainfall. This negative correlation suggests that in higher rainfall savannas the size and spacing of ground-layer patches is controlled by the tree layer, and that as rainfall decreases this control decreases and runoff-runon processes increasingly structure the landscape. For savannas on clay soils these trends were not significant except that on the highest rainfall sites the cover of ground-layer patches was nearly 100% while trees were absent.     

A seasonal survey of surface water habitats within the River Spey basin,Scotland: major nutrient properties

• 1. Current monitoring strategies of governmental organizations tend to be focused on relatively large flowing and standing waters, and until recently those polluted by point sources. Consequently areas of high conservation interest tend to be understudied, and defining reference conditions, as required by current legislation, is difficult to achieve.
• 2. In order to address this imbalance, water samples have been collected and analysed once in each of four seasons during 2003 from 72 locations within a 100 km² area of the oligotrophic River Spey catchment in NE Scotland. The sampling design included examples of running water (headwater streams and the main rivers) and standing water (lochs, lochans, pools, ditches, backwaters, bogs). Altitude ranged from 220 to 980 m and incorporated a climatic regime from cool temperate to sub‐alpine. Each sampling campaign targeted low‐flow conditions to evaluate steady‐state nutrient concentrations.
• 3. Concentrations of the major soluble nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus demonstrated high spatial and temporal variability, with soluble organic and molybdate unreactive forms generally being dominant. Concentrations of ammonium‐N, nitrate‐N and soluble reactive phosphorus were extremely small, with 50% of samples falling below 8, 5 and 1 µg L^?1, respectively, during spring and summer.
• 4. Sampling sites were grouped either by water‐body type or by the properties of their immediate biophysical zone. Together these two groupings explained 33–38% of the variance in water chemistry. Certain changes were detectable across most habitats and biophysical zones.
• 5. A decline in the concentration of nitrate that occurred in reaches downstream from certain headwater streams draining the mountain areas indicated the potential for its within‐stream utilization. Inorganic N dynamics differed between small streams and large rivers.
• 6. Landscape‐scale patterns were recorded in spring and summer nutrient availability with inorganic N and P thresholds (arbitrarily defined) of 10 and 1 µg L^?1, respectively.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.