Feed consumption, nutrient utilization and serum metabolite profile of captive blackbucks (Antelope cervicapra) fed diets varying in crude protein content

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum level of crude protein (CP) in the diet of captive blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra) in which feed consumption and nutrient utilization are maximal. Fifteen blackbucks (BW 25-34 kg) were distributed into three groups of five each in an experiment of 75-days duration including a digestion trial of 5-day collection period. All the animals were offered 200 g of concentrates and fresh maize fodder ad libitum. The overall CP content of the three respective diets was 6.9%, 10.4% and 12.7%. Blood samples were collected on the last day of the experiment. Intake and digestibility of CP increased (p < 0.01) with the increased level of CP in the diet. Feed consumption and nutrient intake were not significantly different among the groups. However, digestibilities of most of the nutrients were higher in the 10.4% CP diet than in the 6.9% CP diet. The endogenous loss of nitrogen was similar among the groups. Based on the endogenous losses, minimum N requirement was calculated to be 776 mg/kg BW(0.75) /day, and to meet this requirement, diet must contain at least 8.27% CP. Serum urea nitrogen concentration increased (p < 0.01) with increased level of dietary CP. Serum level of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase was higher (p < 0.05) in the group fed 6.9% CP diet. Animals in the group fed low protein diet also lost body mass during the experimental period. It was concluded that a diet containing 10.4% CP was optimum for maximizing nutrient utilization without any adverse effect on voluntary feed consumption and serum metabolite profile of blackbucks.     

Effects of ammonium and inorganic carbon enrichment on growth and yield of a hydroponic tomato crop

Effects of varying the proportions of NO₃^— and NH₄⁺ in the growth medium on seedling growth and tomato fruit yield (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Trust F1) were investigated in greenhouse hydroponic experiments. The presence of NH₄⁺ as the sole N source (11 mM) was toxic: it curtailed growth and decreased chlorophyll content of the leaves. However, at low concentration (10 % of total N), the presence of NH₄⁺, with or without added dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), increased vegetative growth and fruit yield by ˜ 15 %, and enhanced taste/flavor of the fruits. In DIC‐enriched treatment, pH was maintained at 5.8 by addition of KHCO₃ or as CaCO₃. The presence of NH₄⁺, at 10 % of total N, inhibited NO₃^— uptake rates by ˜ 27 %. The rates of uptake of NO₃^— and NH₄⁺ were comparable (13.3 and 14.2 mmol plant^—1 d^—1, respectively, in the presence of DIC, and 14.7 and 14.0 mmol plant^—1 d^—1, respectively, in the absence of DIC), despite such a large difference in their concentrations in the nutrient feed solution. A higher proportion of NH₄⁺ (up to 50 % of total N) had no further significant effect upon early vegetative growth, but in a long‐term experiment resulted in a high incidence of blossom end‐rot (BER) disease, thereby severely curtailing fruit yield. The presence of even 1.1 mM NH₄⁺ reduced Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ accumulation in the leaves as well as in fruits.     

河西走廊凉州绿色农业示范区耕地土壤养分及栽培模式影响分析

位于甘肃河西走廊的凉州区是2006年4月经中国绿色食品协会批准、在西北干旱内陆地区建立的首批五十个国家重点绿色农业示范区之一,本研究以绿色农业理念为基础,通过大范围调查取样、测试分析,对绿色农业示范区内耕地土壤肥力状况进行综合分析评价,并对比分析了栽培模式对土壤质量的影响,设施栽培土壤有机质低于大田土壤,而全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾均高于大田,全盐量远远高出大田4倍。     

苹果树腐烂病发生与土壤养分关系的研究

[目的]探讨川西高原苹果主产区苹果树腐烂病发生程度与土壤大量元素的含量及元素间的平衡关系.[方法]在川西高原苹果主产县盐源县选取苹果树腐烂病发生程度不同的24个果园,调查苹果树腐烂病发生程度,测定发病树盘下土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,研究苹果树腐烂病发生与土壤营养成分的关系.[结果]苹果树腐烂病发生程度与土壤营养水平有明显相关性,土壤钾含量与腐烂病的发生程度呈极显著负相关,元素间平衡与腐烂病发生程度关系密切(病情指数与N/K和P/K均呈显著正相关).[结论]为控制该区域苹果树腐烂病发生,应控氮,增磷、钾,同时重视有机肥的施用.     

三个典型植烟生态区土壤养分适宜性评价

通过明确不同烤烟种植区土壤肥力状况及植烟适宜性,为不同生态区烟草科学施肥方案的制定奠定基础。采用描述统计法、相关系数法和模糊综合评价法对四川会东、河南洛阳和安徽皖南3个植烟生态区的418份土壤样品进行分析。结果表明,会东烟区土壤pH为5.36～8.66,77.88%的土壤pH大于7.50,有机质含量较低,67%的土壤碱解氮含量低于90mg/kg,全氮含量适中,速效磷和速效钾含量丰富;洛阳烟区土壤pH呈弱碱性,有机质和碱解氮含量匮乏,70%以上的土壤有机质和碱解氮处于“缺”及以下水平,全氮和速效磷含量适中,速效磷含量变异系数达79.38%,速效钾含量丰富;皖南烟区土壤pH、有机质和全氮含量适中,碱解氮含量较高,速效钾含量缺乏,82.82%的土壤速效钾含量低于150mg/kg,速效磷含量丰富但异质性强。3个生态区植烟土壤综合肥力指数（IFI）存在显著差异（P<0.05）,表现为皖南（0.69）>会东（0.52）>洛阳（0.43）,其中皖南烟区75.76%的土壤IFI处于Ⅱ级以上,会东烟区处于Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级的比例分别为31.73%和46.15%,而洛阳烟区近50%的土壤为Ⅳ级。...     

麦季农田流失养分植物拦截技术体系研究

本研究在农田排水沟渠末端增设农田生态塘,对麦季农田流失水体进行贮留,并通过在生态塘配置养分拦截植物进行养分富集研究,旨在为减轻我国农业面源污染提供技术支撑。小麦季农田设置农民习惯施肥（NN）和优化施肥（EN） 2个施肥水平;生态塘种植水芹菜和黑麦草2种拦截植物。结果表明：试验年度麦季农田共发生8次地表径流,麦季农田总地表径流水量为1 119.0 m³·hm^-2。NN处理农田地表径流水体总N、总P、总K流失量分别为4.5、0.5、4.0 kg·hm^-2,采用优化施肥能够减少农田地表径流养分流失量,EN处理总N、总P、总K流失量分别为3.9、0.4、3.8 kg·hm^-2。本研究灌排单元农田面积为5.2 hm²,小麦季其农田地表径流水体总N、总P、总K流失量分别为23.3、2.4、20.8 kg,生态塘中水芹菜和黑麦草拦截农田N、P、K流失量分别为18.0、1.9、22.0 kg,植物养分拦截量占本灌排单元农田地表径流水体养分流失的77.3%、79.2%、105.8%。经折算,生态塘与农田的面积比例以1∶43~50为宜。研究表明,在太湖地区小麦田排水沟渠末端设置生态塘,并配置水芹菜和黑麦草2种养分富集植物,可拦截麦田地表径流氮磷养分超75%,有效减轻农业面源污染。     

稻曲病菌致病机制研究进展

 稻曲病是一种水稻穗部病害,在世界各水稻主产区均有发生,已成为世界性病害,在我国也属于水稻主要病害之一。稻曲病的发生严重影响水稻产量和稻米品质。研究其病原菌致病机制,对找寻防治药物的特异性靶标具有重要作用,可为抗病分子育种提供新的思路,为稻曲病菌防治药剂研发提供新的靶标。本文综述了稻曲病菌侵染过程、致病相关基因功能研究、水稻响应稻曲病菌侵染等方面的研究进展,提出进一步研究的策略。现有研究表明,稻曲病菌能成功侵染水稻孕穗期雄蕊的花丝引起发病。病原菌可通过抑制多个水稻免疫途径实现成功侵染;还可模仿胚珠受精激活水稻灌浆、糖代谢等途径为稻曲球的形成提供营养物质;全基因组测序完成和基因编辑技术在基因敲除中的成功应用,为稻曲病菌功能基因研究提供了很好的基础。稻曲病菌独特的侵染过程和营养利用机制是未来研究的重要方向。     

Leaf stoichiometry of Leontopodium lentopodioides at high altitudes on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

Altitude affects leaf stoichiometry by regulating temperature and precipitation, and influencing soil properties in mountain ecosystems. Leaf carbon concentration(C), leaf nitrogen concentration(N),leaf phosphorous concentration(P), and their stoichiometric ratios of Leontopodium lentopodioides(Willd.)Beauv., a widespread species in degraded grasslands, were investigated to explore its response and adaptation strategy to environmental changes along four altitude gradients(2500, 3000, 3500, and 3...     

水样中氮磷营养盐含量的稳定性及保存方法比较研究

对淡水和海水水样4个氮磷营养盐参数(NH3-N、NO2-N、NO3-N、PO4-P)的6种保存方法进行了对比研究。试验结果显示,对于淡水水样的NH3-N、PO4-P和海水水样的NH3-N、NO3-N在各保存时间的变化幅度,6种方法间有显著差异;在10d内,4℃加5ml/L氯仿处理,在针对氮磷营养盐测定的水样的保存上是有效的方法。     

马氏珠母贝肉的营养成分及其游离氨基酸组成

对马氏珠母贝肉的营养成分及游离氨基酸组成进行了较系统的食品化学特性研究,结果表明：马氏珠母贝含粗蛋白７４．９％（干基）,蛋白质的氨基酸组成中,富含Ｇｌｕ（２．２１％）、Ａｓｐ（１．４５）、Ｇｌｙ（１．０１％）等呈味氨基酸;蛋白质营养价高,氨基酸价为８２,第一限制氨基酸是含硫氨基酸（１９７３年（ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ标准）;无机盐含量丰富,尤其是微量元素Ｚｎ和Ｓｅ;游离氨基酸中,牛磺酸含量最高达１．３８％,