主动蓄热体内部空气热交换系统的传热性能及参数调控

利用日光温室提供主动蓄热体参数研究所需的环境条件,测试了不同风速、空气温度以及空气-土壤温度差对主动蓄热体内空气-土壤热交换系统的管道内部温度、进出口温差以及蓄放热能力的影响规律,以期获得主动蓄热体内部管道通风系统的传热效率及优化调控参数。结果表明:同一风速条件下,进出口温差随室内空气温度增加而增加。放热阶段,当进风口以风速0.5～4.0m·s^-1运行时,系统放热量随着风速增加而增加,平均放热流量为9.8～73.9 W;蓄热阶段,当进风口以风速0.5～2.0m·s^-1运行时,系统蓄热量随风速增加而增加,平均蓄热流量为21.4～70.2 W,当进风口以风速2.0、4.0m·s^-1运行时,平均蓄热流量仅相差2.7 W,性能系数COP相差不大。同一风速条件下,随着室内空气-土壤温度差值不断增大,进出风口温差也不断增加,同时建议白天风机开启蓄热时设定的室内空气温度最少应该比蓄热体内土壤温度高4.5℃。     

Application of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for the detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in crucifer seeds using immunofluorescence microscopy

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (PCAs and MCAs) were tested for the detection ofXanthomonas campestris pv.campestris (Xcc) in cabbage seeds using immunofluorescence microscopy (IF). It was concluded that PCA 94, MCAs 20H6, 2F4, 18G12 and a mixture of MCAs 20H6, 18G12, 2F4 and 16B5 could be used to detect Xcc in seed extracts when 5 min and 2.5 h shaking of seeds are used as extraction methods. The reliability of confirming suspect colonies with MCAs and PCA 94 in IF depended in part on the seed lot tested and the antibody used. Some virulent Xcc strains derived from seed lots, did not react with MCAs 10C5, 2F4, 18G12, 17C12 and 16B5. On the other hand, saprophytic isolates obtained from one seed lot cross-reacted with MCA 17C12 and to a lesser extent with MCAs 2F4, 18G12 and PCA 94. No relationship was found between IF-reactions of Xcc strains using MCAs and reactions of Xcc strains in pathogenicity testing. Xcc andX. c. pv.amoraciae (Xca) could in general not be distinguished on the basis of reactions with MCAs and PCAs. Also in pathogenicity tests Xcc and Xca were hard to distinguish.     

低能饲粮添加植酸酶对仔猪养分利用率、血清理化指标及生长性能的影响

选用24头长白×荣昌杂交仔猪进行2×2因子的代谢试验,试验设2个有效磷水平(0.36%和0.26%)、2个植酸酶添加水平(0、750FTU/kg),共4个处理组,每个处理组设6个重复仔猪起始均重16.9kg,饲粮DE12.8MJ/kg,试验期2周。结果表明:饲粮添加植酸酶,仔猪平均日增重(ADG)、增重/kgW0.75(GPW)、F/G、增重/代谢能(GPM)、蛋白质物质价值(BV)、净蛋白效率比(PER)、钙消化率(CD)、钙沉积率(CR)、磷消化率(PD)和磷沉积率(PR)分别提高10.6%、7.2%、7.9%、7.7%、11.6%、6.7%、4.3%、4.9%、19.6%(P<0.01)、21.3%(P<0.01),每千克增重的饲粮成本(CPG)降低6.6%;植酸酶对仔猪血清理化指标无显著影响,但血清磷浓度趋于升高,血清钙、血清尿素氮浓度趋于降低。降低饲粮有效磷,ADG、GPW、F/G、GPM、BV、PER、PD和PR分别降低3.8%、3.3%、3.2%、4.6%、9.6%、3.2%、7.7%、6.9%,CD、CR和CPG分别增加11.1%、11.6%、3.0%(P>0.05)。     

普瑞纳3136号饲料育肥藏系羯羊效果分析

将40只1岁龄青海藏系羯羊分为两组,通过饲喂试验对比普瑞纳育肥羊饲料与青海牧区当地自配料育肥效果,以研究两种精饲料对藏系羊生长性能及效益的影响.试验结果表明：对两组藏系羊同期进行60 d补饲,自配料组初始体重21.97＆#177;0.78 kg,结束体重35.20＆#177;1.49 kg,平均日增重220.17＆#177;13.24 g;普瑞纳饲料组初始体重21.89＆#177;0.91 kg,结束体重40.16＆#177;1.86 kg,平均日增重305.00＆#177;15.92 g.经样本平均值差异性显著性分析,两组初始体重差异不显著（p＞0.05）,而结束体重与期间平均日增重普瑞纳饲料组极显著高于自配料组（p＜0.01）.从效益上分析,普瑞纳饲料组每只羊比自配料组多收入98.68元.     

体外产气法评价反刍动物饲料营养价值的研究

试验旨在通过体外产气法评定反刍动物常用饲料原料的营养价值。饲料原料包括3种能量饲料(玉米、玉米皮、麸皮)和3种粗饲料(苜蓿草粉、苜蓿干草、玉米秸秆),通过体外发酵试验,测定各种饲料原料2、6、12、24h累积产气量、体外发酵参数及营养物质降解率,并分析不同类型饲料发酵动力学参数及发酵动力学与营养成分之间的相关关系。结果表明,能量饲料中,玉米体外发酵24h的产气量(GP₂₄)、理论最大产气量(A)最高,产气曲线的平滑度(B)与其他能量饲料相比没有显著差异(P>0.05);玉米的干物质降解率(DMD)最高,玉米皮的中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)最高,麸皮的粗蛋白质降解率(CPD)最高;粗饲料间GP₂₄差异不显著(P>0.05),苜蓿草粉的GP₂₄、A、DMD、CPD均最高,而粗饲料间B部分差异不显著(P>0.05);GP₂₄和A与粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、灰分(Ash)均呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。综上所述,不同类型饲料间产气量及动力学参数存在显著差异,能够为奶牛日粮配制提供参考。     

contact stress and steady thermal analysis of herringbone gears in a gas turbine

To obtain the distribution characteristic of contact stress and the bulk temperature on the surface of herringbone gears, parameter modeling of gears was carried out by parametric design language. A numerical simulation was given to calculate the contact stress field and the steady thermal field by combining heat transfer theory, tribology theory, and mesh theory. The distribution of contact stress, the bulk temperature and heat flux also were analyzed. The analysis results show that the distribution of the load along the contact line possesses regularity. The heat flux along the tooth depth direction decreases first and then increases. The effect of thermal conduction of the tooth is stronger than that of convective heat transfer. The conclusion indicates that the finite element emulation method can be used to estimate the transmission performance of herringbone gears.     

Micro-scale heterogeneity in urban forest soils affects fine root foraging by ornamental seedlings of Buddhist pine and Northeast yew

Urban soils are frequently characterized by a strong heterogeneity caused by intense anthropogenic activity and land use changes. Soil heterogeneity is commonly known to affect tree root development, but little has been detected concerning root foraging by ornamental trees in heterogeneous urban soils at micro-scale. In this study, Buddhist pine [Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don] and Northeast yew (Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.) were selected as ornamental tree species for a two-year study. In the first-year, seedlings were cultured under contrasting photoperiods to generate different morphologies. In the second year, seedlings were transplanted to pots filled with soils collected from an urban forest. Controlled-release fertilizers (N-P₂O₅-K₂O, 14-13-13) were evenly broadcasted to a half patch of the pot (heterogeneity) or to both halves (homogeneity) on the surface 5 cm beneath the pot-top at the rate of 0.135 g N seedling⁻¹. In the fertilized heterogeneous patch, larger Buddhist pine seedlings had greater dry weight, length, surface area, volume, number of tips, and morphological foraging-precision in fine roots. Compared to Northeast yew seedlings under natural photoperiod in the first year, those under the extended photoperiod had larger size, greater fine root biomass, and length but lower foraging-precision in the second year. N and P concentrations in second-year fine roots mainly increased with the availability of patches generated by fertilization for both species. In conclusion, the ability to forage for nutrients by ornamental tree seedlings in heterogeneous urban forest soils was species-specific. Buddhist pine seedlings had higher foraging precision in heterogeneous urban soils than Northeast yew seedlings due to their response to the extended photoperiod during culture.     

菊粉的原生素作用研究进展

本文综述了菊粉的原生素作用及机理 ,主要包括菊粉的微生物发酵、营养、免疫和抗癌作用等。     

不同覆盖方式下的西瓜地养分对比研究

对不同覆盖方式下的西瓜地土壤养分进行了对比研究。结果表明:地面增加覆盖物后可以减轻耕层的含盐量使盐分由上层转移到下层,而灌水能使土壤容重增加,其中抑盐效果最好的是地膜覆盖,其次是砂田+地膜覆盖、砂石覆盖次之;在无灌溉水的条件下,养分利用率依次是砂石+地膜覆盖砂石覆盖地膜覆盖,并且0～20cm和20～40cm土层土壤碱解氮和全氮含量最高的覆盖方式是地膜覆盖,最低的是砂石+地膜覆盖。因此,在干旱地区推广发展砂石+地膜覆盖并适当增施肥料,有助于增产增收,保持干旱地区农业的持续发展。     

苜蓿干草捆贮藏过程中的营养物质含量动态变化研究

为探讨苜蓿干草捆贮藏过程中营养物质含量的动态变化规律,对含水量为15%、打捆密度为150kg/m3的苜蓿草捆在不同贮藏时间(1、10、30、90、180、360d)营养物质含量和相对饲喂价值(RFV)的动态变化情况进行研究。结果表明,在整个贮藏过程中,苜蓿干草的粗蛋白(CP)含量总体呈下降趋势,与贮藏1d时相比,不同贮藏时间段苜蓿干草的CP含量均显著下降(P<0.05);从CP含量角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到2级。苜蓿干草的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量随贮藏时间的延长而增加,贮藏360d时的NDF含量显著高于贮藏时间在90d之内的NDF含量(P<0.05);从NDF含量角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由2级下降到3级。酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量也随贮藏时间的延长而增加,贮藏10d之后ADF含量开始显著增加(P<0.05);从ADF含量角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到4级。贮藏时间在30d以上的苜蓿干草DMI值显著低于贮藏时间在30d之内的DMI值(P<0.05);从DMI值角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到3级。贮藏时间在90d以上的苜蓿干草DDM值显著低于贮藏时间在90d之内的DDM值(P<0.05);从DDM值角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到4级。随着贮藏时间的延长,苜蓿干草的RFV值显著降低(P<0.05),且在贮藏180~360d的时间段内,RFV值下降幅度较大;从RFV值角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由2级下降到3级。综合比较,苜蓿干草在贮藏180d之后营养价值大幅度下降,因此,在贮藏180d之内出售或者饲喂家畜比较适合。