车用节温器化学镀镍磷合金结构与性能

研究了在车用节温器表面进行化学镀镍工艺,利用SEM分析了镀镍层表面显微组织和相结构;采用HXZ-100显微硬度计测试了镀层的硬度;对镀镍层在10%NaCl,10%HCl,10%NaOH溶液中进行了耐蚀性的对比研究。结果表明:施镀40 min后,镀层均匀、致密、无明显缺陷;在上述溶液中浸泡48 h,无腐蚀孔出现;镀层在29.4 N压力下研磨也不会发生脱落,表明其附着力极好,达到车用节温器表面性能的要求。     

不同种类Ni~(2+)盐浸种对作物种子活力的影响

[目的]为镍肥的进一步开发利用提供基础理论依据。[方法]以春小麦和樱桃番茄为试材,选取均匀一致、饱满的50~100 g种子,分别置于不同浓度、不同种类的Ni2+盐溶液中浸种6~12 h,研究了3种Ni2+盐(氯化镍、硝酸镍、硫酸镍)浸种对作物种子活力的影响。[结果]适量浓度的Ni2+盐浸种可以促进两种作物种子萌发,促进根系和芽生长,幼苗干物质积累增加。春小麦浸种适宜浓度范围为0~2μmol/L,且因Ni2+盐种类而异;樱桃番茄浸种适宜浓度均为0.5μmol/L,其作用效应大小因Ni2+盐种类和作物品种而异。[结论]相同浓度条件下不同Ni2+盐所产生的生物效应差异可能与Ni2+盐中阴阳离子的加和作用有关。     

AlH2P3O10·2H2 O（Ⅰ）对水中Ni^2＋的吸附动力学和热力学研究

采用静态吸附法研究Al2O3-P2O5-H2O反应体系产物三聚磷酸二氢铝Ⅰ型二水物[AlH2P3O10.2H2O（Ⅰ）]吸附水中Ni2＋的动力学和热力学。考察了温度、浓度、粒径、pH和搅拌速度对吸附过程的影响,通过不同温度下的吸附等温热力学性能的变化,计算了吸附焓、吸附熵和自由能。结果表明,在试验范围内,AlH2P3O10.2H2O（Ⅰ）对Ni2＋的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程式,过程受颗粒扩散控制,反应级数为1.88,298.15 K时的热力学数据为：Ea=11.561 kJ/mol,ΔH=35.75 kJ/mol,ΔS=190.58 J/（mol.K）,ΔG=-21.07 kJ/mol,吸附为自发的吸热过程,其吸附动力学总方程为：1-2/3x-（1-x）2/3=0.36r02C01.88exp（-11 561/RT）。     

新乡市污灌土壤中重金属含量及植物质量评价

研究了新乡市污灌土壤受重金属污染的情况,同时对污灌土壤中所种植的蔬菜进行分析、测定.试验结果表明:污灌土壤中的Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr含量在国家标准以内,Ni、Cd含量超标,土壤已明显受到Ni、Cd的污染.按照国家食品卫生标准评价植物体中的重金属污染程度,结果显示:Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn的超标率分别为100%、100%、70%、60%、100%.重金属污染主要表现为Cd和Cr的污染.     

小飞扬草(Euphobia thymifolia L.)对土壤Cr Cd Ni复合污染的反应和积累特征研究

针对目前植物修复中对Cr、Cd、N i复合污染的超富集杂草类植物缺乏的状况,采用盆栽试验方法,研究了小飞扬草(Euphobia thym ifoliaL.)对3种重金属的积累特性以及重金属复合污染对植物生长的影响。结果表明,小飞扬草在低浓度组合下对Cr、Cd、N i的富集系数最大值均>1,分别为1.54、3.93、5.68,且能同时富集Cd、N i,具备了作为超富集植物的特征;3种重金属在小飞扬草内的迁移率大小顺序为Cd>Cr>N i;小飞扬草能耐受Cr、Cd、N i复合污染,可作为尾矿废弃地植被重建到修复过程中的优先选择植物。     

Cr3+、Ni2+单一及复合污染对水稻土酶活性的影响

在室内恒温培养条件下,研究了外源Cr3+、Ni2+单一及复合污染对水稻土脲酶、酸性磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶活性的影响.结果表明,低浓度Ni2+处理对脲酶、酸性磷酸酶有不同程度的激活作用,而对过氧化氢酶起一定的抑制作用;中、高浓度Ni2+及各污染水平的Cr3+、Cr-Ni复合污染处理对3种酶活性均表现为抑制作用;Ni2+处理对土壤酶活性的抑制效应顺序为脲酶酸性磷酸酶过氧化氢酶;Cr3+和Cr-Ni复合污染处理对脲酶活性的抑制效应最大,对过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶活性的抑制效应相似;Cr-Ni复合污染处理对脲酶、酸性磷酸酶主要表现为协同作用,对过氧化氢酶则主要在污染初期表现为协同作用.     

海带吸附铜、镍离子的研究

[目的]研究海带吸附铜、镍离子过程中的影响因素。[方法]在100ml铜/镍离子溶液中加入0.2g海带粉,所有试验的振荡速度均设为120r/min,用原子分光光度计测定过滤后溶液中的铜、镍离子浓度。[结果]海带吸附铜、镍离子的最佳pH值为4.0。海带对镍离子的吸附平衡时间为60min,对铜离子的吸附平衡时间为90min,吸附等温线均符合Freundlich模型。在pH值为3.0时,海带对铜离子的吸附效率达80%以上。前30min海带对2种离子的吸附速度较快,而后30min吸附速度相对较慢。在同一温度下,相同质量的海带粉对铜离子的吸附量大,对镍离子的吸附量小。海带对铜离子的吸附指数介于0.3～0.5,对镍离子的吸附指数介于0.4～0.6。[结论]该研究为利用生物吸附剂处理工业废水奠定了理论基础。     

Light‐induced reduction of FE3+ as related to causes of chlorosis in cotton

In growth chambers, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. genetic selection ‘M8') was grown in a synthetic growth medium under four light regimes: low pressure sodium (LPS), LPS + Incandescent (Inc), cool white fluorescent (CWF) and CWF + Inc lamps at 22 C under LPS lamps. Less chlorosis developed at 26 C than at 22 C and less under LPS + Inc than under LPS lamps. All plants were green under CWF and CWF + Inc light. Green and chlorotic plant tissue contained about the same concentrations of Fe. The proposed hypothesis was that chlorotic tissue’ contained less Fe²⁺ than green tissue. Chlorotic leaves treated with FeSO₄ turned a green color. Enough CWF + Inc light passed through an intact leaf to reduce Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ in vitro. Also in vitro, Fe³⁺ was reduced by CWF, by Inc, but not by LPS light. The amount of Fe³⁺ reduced during an illumination period was directly proportional to the quantity of light used. In vitro, citrate and malate enhanced Fe³⁺ reduction, whereas phosphate, pyrophosphate, OH^‐, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, and F^‐ all inhibited Fe³⁺ reduction by light. Orthophosphate was about 8 times as effective as organic P in decreasing Fe³⁺ reduction. Citrate largely alleviated the inhibitory effects of Pi and pH (up to pH 6). The data also provide a possible explanation of a role for many of the elements known to induce or aggravate Fe chlorosis (inhibit Fe³⁺ reduction). Quantity and quality of light apparently play key roles in plant growth as related to reduction of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ in plant tops.     

Remediation of a Sandy Soil Contaminated with Cadmium,Nickel, and Zinc using an Insoluble Polyacrylate Polymer

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate whether an insoluble polyacrylate polymer could be used to remediate a sandy soil contaminated with cadmium (Cd) (30 and 60 mg Cd kg^?1 of soil), nickel (Ni) (50 and 100 mg Ni kg^?1 of soil), zinc (Zn) (250 and 400 mg Zn kg^?1 of soil), or the three elements together (30 mg Cd, 50 mg Ni, and 250 mg Zn kg^?1 of soil). Growth of perennial ryegrass was stimulated in the polymer‐amended soil contaminated with the greatest amounts of Ni or Zn, and when the three metals were present, compared with the unamended soil with the same levels of contamination. Shoots of plants cultivated in the amended soil had concentrations of the metals that were 24–67% of those in plants from the unamended contaminated soil. After ryegrass had been growing for 87 days, the amounts of water‐extractable metals present in the amended soil varied from 8 to 53% of those in the unamended soil. The results are consistent with soil remediation being achieved through removal of the metals from soil solution.