Comparison of uptake of different N forms by soil microorganisms and two wet-grassland plants: A pot study

Two common plant species of temperate wet grasslands, Carex acuta and Glyceria maxima, were tested for their preferences in the uptake of different nitrogen (N) sources (amino acid, ammonium, nitrate) and their ability to compete for these sources with soil microorganisms. The experiment was a one-day incubation study with plants growing in soil obtained from the field, which was supplied with a solution containing the three N sources, one at a time labeled with ¹⁵N. The bulk of the N demand of both species was covered by nitrate-N, which was the dominant N form in the soil at the time of the experiment. Ammonium-N was taken up less strongly, and organic N formed only a negligible part of their nutrition. The assimilated inorganic N was preferentially transported to apical meristem of the youngest leaf, while organic N remained mostly in the roots. The fast-growing Glyceria took up more N and was a better competitor vis-à-vis soil microbes for rarer N forms than Carex. However, both plants were poor competitors for N vis-à-vis soil microbes, irrespective of the N form. Microbes took up nitrate ca. five times faster and organic N more than a hundred times faster than plants. Correspondingly, the calculated turnover time of microbial N was 17 days, compared to 40 days for N in plant roots. A significant amount of added ¹⁵N was found at non-exchangeable sites in the soil, which points to the importance of microbial N transformation and abiotic N fixation for N retention in soil. In summary, the preferential assimilation of inorganic N by the wetland plants studied here and their poor ability to compete for N with soil microbes over the short term agree with the results of studies carried out with other species from temperate grasslands.     

非洲猪瘟自然弱毒株演变进程

自2018年非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)传入中国以来疫情得到了有效控制.但2021年以后,我国的ASF流行情况出现了新的变化,临床中出现了"自然变异株".这些毒株可能导致感染后临床症状不典型,容易与其他疫病混淆等问题.这与国外的流行演变规律一致,即当ASF在一个国家或地区流行较长时间后,其...     

重组高产H1N1亚型猪流感疫苗株的构建与鉴定

为制备一株猪流感灭活疫苗的候选毒株,本研究利用反向遗传学技术,将A/swine/Guangdong/1/11(H1N1)毒株的HA、NA基因和A/PR/8/34毒株的PB2、PB1、PA、NP、M、NS基因进行重组,成功拯救出鸡胚高度适应性毒株rH1N1。抗原性分析显示rH1N1保留了亲本毒株良好的抗原性。rH1N1接种10日龄鸡胚48 h后,血凝价达到210,表明该毒株能在鸡胚中高水平复制。该毒株为H1N1亚型猪流感灭活疫苗的研制奠定了坚实的物质基础。     

Dietary inclusion of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp increases the antioxidant potential of quail eggs

The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary supplementation of different levels of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp (DBP) on the productive performance of laying quails, and on lipid oxidation, and quality in their eggs. A total of 120 quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% of DBP), five replicates and four birds per experimental unit. To evaluate lipid oxidation, the eggs were collected on five consecutive days at the end of the trial and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in a 6 × 5 factorial scheme (eggs from quails fed different levels of DBP × evaluated fresh and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The antioxidant potential of diets was improved (p < 0.05) when the DBP was added estimated as 2,2'‐azinobis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazolin‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacity. No effect (p > 0.05) was observed on feed intake, hen‐day egg production and feed conversion (kg/kg and kg/dz). There were no changes (p > 0.05) in the egg weight, Haugh unit, yolk index or eggshell percentage. Although no difference was observed (p > 0.05), when comparing each level with the control, a negative linear effect (p < 0.05) on specific gravity was observed. In addition, only the treatment with 0.5% pulp exhibited lower (p < 0.05) eggshell thickness compared with the control (0%). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis showed that as the dietary pulp level was increased, malondialdehyde content decreased linearly (p < 0.05) in the egg yolks, regardless of the storage period. Inclusion of DBP in the diets had no effect (p > 0.05) on the concentration of conjugated dienes in the eggs. The diets containing DBP showed a potential antioxidant effect, reducing the degree of lipid oxidation in egg yolk. However, no beneficial effects were observed on performance and egg quality.     

蚜虫性信息素研究进展

本文对蚜虫性信息素成分的分离与鉴定、蚜虫性信息素对蚜虫及其天敌行为调节作用等方面的研究现状作了概述。     

不同生境小花山桃草自然种群表型变异与协变

小花山桃草自然种群的表型特征是其对自然生境适应的结果,不同生境种群间表型特征的比较可为揭示其表型变异产生的原因及变异规律提供重要线索。本研究以分布于不同生境的5个小花山桃草自然种群为研究对象,研究了16个表型性状的变化特点。研究结果表明,小花山桃草表型多样性较为丰富,表型性状的平均变异系数为36.30%。表型分化系数在26.85%~96.98%之间,平均为73.03%,表明种群间变异是小花山桃草表型变异的主要来源。不同性状对环境变化的反应不同,其中株高、茎粗、单株果数和比叶面积在种群内的差异不显著,而在种群间的差异达到极显著水平,表型分化系数达82%以上;节间距、叶宽、主根长、分枝数、果长和果宽在种群间和种群内的差异均达极显著水平;单果种子数和单果重在种群内和种群间的差异均不显著。株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、茎重、叶重、主根重和单株果数表现出一致的协变格局,生理功能性状之间的这种整合特性有助于小花山桃草适应多样的生境。聚类分析显示,5个种群可按生境条件的好坏分为两大类,进一步表明小花山桃草的表型特征受种群间环境条件(水、肥)强烈影响。绝大多数表型性状与生境因子存在显著或极显著的相关关系,但果实性状(包括果宽、单果重和单果种子数)与生境因子相关性低,进一步表明繁殖性状不易受环境条件影响。     

IBV AH1-99分离株N基因的克隆及序列分析

利用RT-PCR技术成功扩增出IBV AH1-99分离株的N基因全长cNDA,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上。经酶切分析、PCR鉴定及核苷酸序列测定,成功获得该分离株N基因的重组质粒。序列分析结果表明,分离株N基因全长1 230个核苷酸,编码409个氨基酸。同部分IBV参考毒株相比,核苷酸同源性为85.8%~89.9%,氨基酸同源性为86.6%~91.0%,在进化关系树中,AH1-99与国内分离株X、LX4亲缘关系较近。     

荒漠草原自然恢复中植物群落组成及物种多样性

摘要：通过调查封育3、4、5、6、7年及未封育荒漠草原群落的特征,研究了不同封育年限下草原植物群落组成及生物多样性的变化,以期探明封育对荒漠草原群落恢复的影响。结果表明,封育改变了草原植物群落组分,表现为随封育年限延长,多年生草本植物,特别是短花针茅(Stipa breviliora)等一些地带性物种比例增加;封育草原的Shannon Wiener指数、Pielou指数、Simpson指数均比未封育草地高,封育5年草原的多样性指数最大。     

Preparation and Study of a Novel,Environmentally Friendly Seed-Coating Agent for Wheat

Traditional seed-coating agents are widespread and used in crop protection. However, the coatings can pose an environmental and health hazard. In this study, a novel wheat seed-coating agent was prepared by using natural polysaccharide as the main raw material, which produces bacteriostatic activity and enhances the germination and quality of seeds. The optimum formula of this seed-coating agent was ultimately determined through a series of laboratory experiments and field trials. The results showed that the yield of wheat seeds treated with this novel seed-coating agent was increased by 10% and its material cost was decreased by 15% compared with the conventional toxic seed-coating agent. The toxicity of the novel seed-coating agent was also less than that of the traditional one. Therefore, this wheat seed-coating agent had obvious economic and environmental benefits.