喷施铁和有机酸防治菠萝叶片黄化及其对产量的影响研究

采用大田试验方法,以中国菠萝主栽品种‘巴厘’为试材,研究了叶面喷施柠檬酸、硫酸亚铁、硫酸亚铁＋柠檬酸、柠檬酸铁、柠檬酸铁铵对菠萝叶片总铁、活性铁、叶绿素含量及菠萝生长和产量影响,为防治菠萝叶片黄化提供依据。试验结果表明,6.67%硫酸亚铁溶液、0.2%柠檬酸溶液pH值均在2.80以下,叶面喷施酸性溶液提高了菠萝叶片活性铁、叶绿素含量,能促进菠萝生长,提高菠萝产量;柠檬酸铁在常温下难溶于水,对提高菠萝叶片活性铁、叶绿素含量及促进菠萝生长和提高产量效果不显著;柠檬酸铁铵、柠檬酸＋硫酸亚铁都能显著提高菠萝叶片全铁、活性铁及叶绿素含量,增加菠萝叶片数、D叶长度、宽度及产量,能有效防治菠萝叶片黄化。     

稻田土壤还原性物质特征及与甲烷排放的关联性分析

以南方稻田土壤的定位试验为研究对象,选取其中的五种不同施肥(无肥、化肥、猪粪+化肥、鸡粪+化肥、稻草+化肥)处理,监测了水稻生长期间土壤活性还原性物质、活性有机还原性物质、亚铁(Fe2+)含量、土壤Eh值和甲烷(CH4)排放的动态变化,分析还原性物质与CH4排放的关系。结果表明,水稻生长前期稻田CH4排放通量、土壤活性还原性物质、活性有机还原性物质和Fe2+含量均较高,并随水稻生长呈逐渐下降的趋势;而土壤Eh在水稻整个生育期介于-238至118 mv之间,且为水稻生长前期低,后期高。施用有机肥后的土壤活性还原性物质和Fe2+含量比化肥处理平均分别增加了13%和11%,而土壤Eh值则低于无肥和化肥处理。相关分析表明,CH4排放通量与土壤中活性还原性物质、Fe2+均呈极显著正相关关系,而与土壤Eh呈极显著负相关关系。通过逐步回归分析进一步表明,土壤中Fe2+含量显著影响稻田CH4排放,控制稻田土壤中Fe2+含量有利于稻田CH4的减排。     

灰口铸铁电弧热焊法补焊工艺的研究

文章分析了灰口铸铁的焊接性和常用的焊接方法,阐述了电弧热焊法对灰口铸铁进行补焊时的焊接工艺。     

植物源铁生物有效性及评价方法研究进展

缺铁是个世界性的营养失衡问题,给人类健康和经济发展带来严重的负面影响。主要膳食中的铁缺乏或低生物有效性被认为是造成铁缺乏的主要原因。通过植物育种措施,尤其是提高植物源铁富集育种被认为是解决铁营养失衡最经济且有效的途径。然而,近年的研究表明,人体铁吸收与植物源有效铁量密切相关,而与铁积累总量没有相关性。快速、准确的评价植物源铁生物有效性对高有效性富铁作物育种意义重大。本文阐述了植物源铁富集和生物有效性的基因型差异及影响因素, 并分析了铁生物有效性评价方法的优缺点,为植物源铁生物有效性育种及评价提供参考。     

Turf Response to Superferrite Fertilizer in Contrasting Soil Types

Abstract

Superferrite is marketed as a turf fertilizer in the United States, but there is limited information on its effectiveness or potential risks due to high zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) contents. A greenhouse study was conducted where hybrid bermudagrass and tall fescue, growing in a calcareous clay or acid sandy soil, and creeping bentgrass, growing in a putting green root zone mix, were fertilized with 0, 50, 100, and 150% the recommended rate of Superferrite fertilizer (73.4 g m^?2). Bermudagrass and tall fescue clipping weights increased with Superferrite rate but root mass was not affected. Tissue iron (Fe) concentrations were mostly unaffected by Superferrite, but total Fe uptake, tissue Zn, and total Zn uptake increased with Superferrite rate. Increased yields were probably due to increasing nitrogen (N) applications rather than Fe or Zn. Small increases in Pb uptake with Superferrite applications suggest that Superferrite Pb had low bioavailability to turf.     

Potential for the alleviation of arsenic toxicity in paddy rice using amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide amendments

Abstract

A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide (Am-FeOH) amendments on arsenic (As) availability and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. BR28) irrigated with As-contaminated water. A rhizobag system was established using 3.5 L plastic pots, each containing one central compartment for plant growth, a middle compartment and an outside compartment. Three levels of laboratory-synthesized Am-FeOH (0, 0.1 and 0.5% w/w) were used to amend samples of the As-free sandy loam paddy soil placed into each compartment of the rhizobag system. The soils were submerged with a solution containing 5 mg L^?1 As(V). Two-week-old rice seedlings were planted in the central compartments and cultured for 9 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The addition of 0.1% Am-FeOH to the soil irrigated with As-contaminated water improved plant growth, reduced the As concentration in the plants and enhanced Fe-plaque formation on the root surfaces. Analysis of soil solution samples collected during the experiment revealed higher pH levels and lower redox potentials in the soils amended with Am-FeOH at the onset of soil submergence, but later the soil solution collected from the 0.1% Am-FeOH treatment was slightly acidic and more oxidized than the solution from the 0% treatment. This indicated active functioning of the roots in the soil treated with 0.1% Am-FeOH. The concentrations of As(III) in the soil solution collected from the central compartment were significantly reduced by the Am-FeOH amendments, whereas in the soil treated with 0% Fe, As(III) accumulated in the rhizosphere, particularly during the late-cultivation period. The improvement in plant growth and reduction in As uptake by plants growing in the Am-FeOH treated soil could be attributed to the reduction of available As in the soil solution, mainly as a result of the binding of As to the Fe-plaque on the root surfaces.     

Seed Iron in Diverse Soybean Genotypes

ABSTRACT

Iron (Fe) in the embryo fraction of soybean (Glycine max L.) seed is important for seedling growth. Seed Fe accumulation in 27 soybean genotypes differing in seed size was studied at two field locations. Mean seed weight was 148 mg seed^?1 with mean individual genotypic values ranging from 68 to 217 mg seed^?1. Percentage of total seed dry matter in the seed-coat fraction, which was inversely correlated with individual seed weight, was 8.2%, with mean individual genotypic values ranging from 7.0% to 12.4%. Mean seed-Fe concentration [Fe] was 65 μg Fe g^?1, with individual genotypic values ranging from 48 to 81 μg Fe g^?1. Seed Fe relative to dry-matter distribution was much more concentrated in seed coats than in embryos of all genotypes. Mean percentage of total seed Fe located in the seed-coat fraction was 29%, with mean genotypic values ranging from 23% to 38%. Neither seed-Fe characteristic was correlated with individual seed weight. Seed [Fe] was not correlated with seed-manganese (Mn) concentration [Mn]. Mean seed [Fe] for the 27 genotypes was different at the two locations, presumably due to differences in available soil Fe. Both genotype and environment affected seed [Fe] of soybean. Soybean seed coats, a major by-product after oil extraction, are a possible rich source of Fe for human nutrition.     

模拟消化体系中乳及发酵乳对铁化学状态及透析率的影晌

本文通过体外消化来模拟消化系统以研究乳及发酵乳对FeCl3中铁的化学状态及透析率的影响，结果表明，在消化过程中乳及发醇乳可促进铁的溶解、以及Fe3 的还原和铁的透析，这一作用与样品的pH元失，认为是消化过程中产生的氨基酸和肽起了作用。研究还发现，原乳先加铁盐再送行发酵所产生的作用要较发醇后再加铁盐的作用大，认为发醇乳对铁化学状态及透析率的影响具有时间效应。此外，有乳存在的各试验组其Fe3 透析率较可溶性铁的透析率与对照组差异更大。     

Development of a New Foxtail Millet Germplasm with Super Early Maturity and High Iron Content

Super Early Maturation No.2 is a new foxtail millet germplasm developed by using the targeted-character-gene-bank-breeding method. It has several outstanding characteristics. (1) Super early maturity. It can normally mature in Bashang, Hebei Province, China, where the altitude is around 1 400 meters, and it needs 1650°C of effective accumulated temperature in the growing period. (2) Millet is rich in iron. The iron content of the millet of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 54.10 mg kg⁻¹, which is 62.0% higher than the average iron content of the foxtail millet varieties in China. (3) High crude fat content. Its crude fat content is 6.24%, which is 54.1% higher than the average content of foxtail millet varieties in China. (4) High crude protein content. The average of the crude protein content of all the foxtail millet varieties in China is 12.71%, only 5% varieties surpass 14%, however, the crude protein content of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 14.36%, which is rare in improved varieties of foxtail millet in China. (5) Overall characteristics are good.     

铁和维生素A及其互作效应对肉仔鸡组织铁含量和营养物质表观存留率的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡504只 ,随机分为9组 ,每组4个重复 ,每重复14只鸡 ,公母各半 ,采用3×3(Fe×VA)完全随机试验设计 ,研究了日粮添加不同水平Fe(0、30、60mg/kg)和VA(750、1500、2700IU/kg)对肉仔鸡不同生长阶段 (0～4周龄和5～7周龄 )肝脏、心脏、脾脏、胰脏、肾脏、肌肉、胫骨、羽毛等组织铁含量影响。结果表明 :在日粮铁的影响下 ,肉仔鸡体内各组织铁含量顺序依次为 :(前期 :肝脏>肾脏>脾>心脏>胫骨>毛>胰脏>肌肉 ;后期 :肝脏>脾>肾脏>心脏>胫骨>羽毛>胰脏>肌肉 ) ;日粮铁添加水平对前期肝脏、心脏、肾脏、胰脏、羽毛等组织铁含量影响显著 (P<0.01) ,60mgFe/kg 组这些组织铁含量最高 ;对后期肝脏、心脏、脾脏、胰脏、肌肉、胫骨、羽毛等组织的铁含量影响显著 (P<0.01) ,60mgFe/kg组肝脏与心脏组织铁含量最高 ,30mgFe/kg 组脾脏、肌肉、胫骨等组织铁含量最高 ,0mgFe/kg 组胰脏、羽毛等组织铁含量最高 ;肾脏、胰脏、羽毛、肌肉、胫骨在不同生长阶段沉积铁能力不同。日粮铁对不同生长阶段各组织铁含量的影响存在差异。VA影响机体内铁的分布 ,日粮VA添加水平对前期肾脏、肌肉、羽毛等组织铁含量影响显著 (P<0.01) ,对后期肝脏、肾脏、胰脏、肌肉、胫骨、羽毛等组织铁含量影响显著 (P<0.01)。VA对前后