小麦根系在不同铁营养水平条件下的蛋白质组差异表达分析

为了探究小麦根际不同铁水平对根系基因表达的调控,采用小麦‘北农9549’为材料,进行缺铁胁迫和胁迫后恢复铁供应等不同处理,用双向电泳的方法分离蛋白,对比分析不同处理间根系蛋白质表达的差异。结果表明,缺铁处理植株与正常供铁的植株相比,缺铁条件下生长的小麦根系有137个蛋白点的表达水平变化具有显著差异（P<0.05）,其中76个蛋白点发生大于2倍的显著上调表达,另有61个蛋白点发生大于2倍的显著下调表达。上述经过铁饥饿的小麦根系恢复正常铁供应2周后,与自始至终正常供铁的根系相比,有150个蛋白点的表达水平变化具有显著差异（P <0.05）,其中78个蛋白点发生大于2倍的显著上调表达,另有72个蛋白点发生大于2倍的显著下调表达,本试验结果表明,缺铁会引起小麦根系表达大量特异性蛋白。     

Iron and/or acid foliar spray versus soil application of Fe-EDDHA for prevention of iron deficiency in Valencia orange grown on a calcareous soil

A two-year experiment was conducted in an iron(Fe)-deficient orchard with calcareous soil to find out an alternate method for soil application of Fe ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (Fe-EDDHA) in orange trees. Foliar sprays of Fe-EDDHA (5 g l^?1, pH = 7.8), sulfuric acid (pH = 3), citric acid (5 g l^?1, pH = 2.4), Fe (II) sulfate solutions (250, 500, and 750 mg Fe l^?1) with their initial pH (6.5, 6.35, and 6.12) and reduced ones to pH of 3 were compared with soil applied (75 g tree^?1) Fe-EDDHA and a control test. Although optimum chlorophyll content, leaf Fe concentration, fruit quantitative and qualitative attributes were resulted from soil application of Fe-EDDHA, repeated sprays of Fe-EDDHA or acidified Fe solutions created suitable results. Acidification of Fe solutions made them more effective in alleviation of leaf Fe concentration and Fe chlorosis, probably due to remobilization of inactive Fe within the plant and prevention of Fe oxidation and precipitation in foliar solutions.     

Reduction of soil heavy metal bioavailability by nanoparticles and cellulosic wastes improved the biomass of tree seedlings

The purpose of this study was to use zero‐valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) and cellulosic wastes to reduce bioavailability of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), and to establish Persian maple seedlings (Acer velutinum Bioss.) in contaminated soil. One‐year‐old seedlings were planted in pots filled with unpolluted soil. Lead [Pb(NO₃)₂] and Cd [Cd(NO₃)₂] were added with concentrations of 0 (Control), 100 (Pb100), 200 (Pb200), and 300 (Pb300) mg kg⁻¹ and 10 (Cd10), 20 (Cd20), and 30 (Cd30) mg kg⁻¹. Cellulosic wastes were mixed with soil at the same time of planting [four levels: 0, 10 (W1), 20 (W2), 30 (W3) g 100 g⁻¹ soil]. The nZVI was prepared by reducing Fe³⁺ to Fe⁰ and injected to pots [four levels: 0, 1 (N1), 2 (N2), and 3 (N3) mg kg⁻¹]. Height, diameter, biomass, tolerance index of seedlings, bioavailability of heavy metals in soil, and removal efficiency of amendments were measured. The highest values of seedling characteristics were observed in N3. The highest removal efficiency of Pb (Pb100: 81.95%, Pb200: 75.5%, Pb300: 69.9%) and Cd (Cd10: 92%, Cd20: 73.7%, Cd30: 68.5%) was also observed in N3. The use of nZVI and cellulosic waste could be a proper approach for seedling establishment in forests contaminated with heavy metals.     

不同纳米材料对As(Ⅲ)的吸附机制

为明确不同纳米材料对水中As(Ⅲ)的吸附效果和机制,筛选出经济有效的As污染吸附材料,采用批处理振荡平衡法,研究了多层氧化石墨烯(多层GO)、20 nm羟基磷灰石(P20)、40 nm羟基磷灰石(P40)以及纳米零价铁(n Fe)对As(Ⅲ)的吸附差异性。结果表明,不同纳米材料对As(Ⅲ)的吸附能力存在显著差异(P0.05),吸附容量的大小顺序为多层GO(17.4 mg·g~(-1))P20(2.74 mg·g~(-1))P40(2.17 mg·g~(-1))n Fe(0.976 mg·g~(-1))。其中,多层GO对As(Ⅲ)的吸附效果最好,其饱和吸附量是nFe的17.8倍。通过能量弥散X射线谱(EDS)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等对不同纳米材料吸附As(Ⅲ)前后进行分析,证实了多层GO的吸附机制是以单层化学吸附为主;P20、P40、nFe吸附机制为材料表面的聚沉吸附及含氧官能团与As(Ⅲ)发生络合等反应的吸附。实验结果表明多层GO可作为吸附材料用于As(Ⅲ)污染水体的修复。     

负载型纳米零价铁(nZVI)强化垂直流人工湿地反硝化作用研究

通过在垂直流人工湿地缺氧反硝化区添加负载型纳米零价铁(n ZVI),分析不同负载型n ZVI投加量对反硝化的影响,研究不同进水C/N条件下负载型nZVI参与反硝化的效果。结果表明:投加负载型nZVI 4 g的人工湿地装置对硝氮去除效果最佳,当C/N为6、HRT=1 d、进水NO_3~--N为50 mg·L~(-1)时,其NO_3~--N去除率比未添加负载型n ZVI的人工湿地装置提高15%;随负载型n ZVI投加量的增加,人工湿地装置出水pH值和NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N的浓度增加;在进水C/N为0、2、4、6的人工湿地装置中,其对NO_3~--N的去除率随C/N升高而升高;统计分析表明,进水C/N与负载型n ZVI投加量对人工湿地反硝化都具有显著影响,且两者具有协同作用,碳源的存在可以促进负载型nZVI参与人工湿地反硝化。     

Stabilization of lead in two artificial contaminated calcareous soils using stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron particles with/without chelating agents

Nanoscale zero-valent iron particles (nZVIs) have been used as the stabilizing materials for remediation of heavy metals (HMs). The usage of nZVIs in the presence of oxygen is a challenging task. When this material comes in contact to air, immediately oxide formation takes place. Thus, preparation of air-stable nZVIs is necessary for successful remediation process. Therefore, the present study has attempted to evaluate the effects of three kinds of synthesized nZVIs, including nZVI_EDTA (stabilized by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), nZVI_DTPA (stabilized by diethylenetriamine pentacetic acid) and nZVI (without chelating agent), to determine their ability to stabilize lead (Pb) in two Pb-spiked soils. Pb-spiked soils were separately incubated with additives at the rates of 0.5% and 2% (W/W) for 90 days. The efficacy of nZVIs was evaluated by desorption kinetic and chemical fractionation experiments. According to the results, addition of nZVI_EDTA, nZVI_DTPA and nZVI significantly decreased Pb release by 70.1–86.4%, 56.5–70.6% and 24.3–49.2%, respectively. Among the three kinds of nZVIs, nZVI_EDTA was the most effective treatment in decreasing desorption and mobility factor of Pb. In practice, all three kinds of nZVIs are effective in Pb immobilization, while application of nZVI_EDTA at the rate of 2% was the best treatment to immobilize Pb in polluted soils.     

Effectiveness of Fe3+-citrate and Fe3+-edta in ameliorating arsenic-toxicity (chlorosis) in hydroponic rice

Effectiveness of iron (Fe³⁺)-citrate and Fe³⁺-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) in reducing arsenic (As)-toxicity in rice was evaluated. The treatments: 1) 0 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate (control), 2) 13.4 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate (As-treated), 3) 13.4 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate + 40 µM Fe³⁺-citrate (additional Fe³⁺-citrate), and 4) 13.4 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate + 40 µM Fe³⁺-EDTA (additional Fe³⁺-EDTA) were studied for 14 days. Chlorosis was found in the young leaves of the As-treated plants. Additional Fe³⁺-citrate failed to remediate the chlorosis, however, additional Fe³⁺-EDTA removed the chlorosis almost completely, indicating that the effectiveness of Fe³⁺-EDTA was much higher than Fe³⁺-citrate. The Fe³⁺-EDTA treated plants were greener than the additional Fe³⁺-citrate treated plants. Iron concentration in the shoots of additional Fe³⁺-EDTA plants was much higher than that of additional Fe³⁺-citrate plants, indicating that Fe³⁺-EDTA might have been more readily available to the plants roots than Fe³⁺-citrate.     

不同形态磷在砂土中的移动性研究(英文)

预测土壤中磷的长期淋洗性需要了解土壤特性和不同形态磷的行为.本研究用模拟试验评估了不同磷负荷砂质土壤中不同形态磷的移动性.分别从浙江省衢州市和温州市采集具不同磷含量的蔬菜地土壤,每一地点分别采集2个深度的土壤(0～10 cm和10～30 cm),表层土壤(0～10 cm)通过添加不同量的磷酸盐、CaCO和无定形氧化铁,形成研究需要的不同磷含量和不同磷形态的系列土壤样品;淋洗柱长30 cm,由10 cm经培养处理的表层(0～10 cm)土壤和未经培养处理的亚表层土壤(10～30cm)构成,每一淋洗土柱连续经历12个循环的0.002 mol?L-1CaCl2溶液淋洗,收集的淋洗液用于分析钼酸反应总磷(TRP)、可溶态钼酸反应磷(DRP)和颗粒态钼酸反应磷(RPP);试验结束后鉴定土壤中水溶态磷、MehlichⅢ-P和磷的化学形态变化.结果表明:添加无定形氧化铁和碳酸钙可显著改变砂土中磷的形态,降低土壤磷的有效性;无定形态氧化铁在降低土壤磷有效性方面的作用大于碳酸钙;淋洗液中磷的形态主要为DRP,颗粒态磷占总磷的比例为1.2%～39.8%;TRP和DRP的损失与培养处理后表土中磷含量存在显著的相关.相关分析和淋洗试验后土壤中磷形态变化结果都表明:表土柱中淋移的磷主要来源于水溶性磷(H2O-P)和NaHCO3-P,与NaOH-P、HCl-P和残余磷的相关不明显;从表土淋失的磷有27.1%～54.2%被淋出土体,其余下移至10～30 cm土层中.研究结果还表明,添加无定形氧化铁可增加土柱中颗粒态磷的迁移.     

Effect of Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Utilization in Upland Rice-Mungbean Intercropping System

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi （AMF） on plant growth and nutrition utilization in upland rice and mungbean intercropping system was studied. A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and AMF colonization rates of rice and mungbean roots, plant nutrient contents, the ability of nitrogen fixation, and nutrient contents changed in the soil were analyzed. The results were obtained as follows： the rates of AMF colonization of rice and mungbean roots were reached to 14.47 and 92.2% in intercopping system, and increased by 4.11 and 11.95% compared with that of in monocropping; the nirtrogen contents of mungbean and rice were increased by 83.72 and 64.83% in shoots, and 53.76 and 41.29% in roots, respectively, while the contents of iron in shoot and root of mungbean were increased by 223.08 and 60.19%, respectively. In the intercropping system with inoculation of AMF, the biomass of mungbean increased by 288.8%. However, the biomass of rice was not significantly changed among all treatments with or without inoculation of AMF recorded. The number and dry weight of nodules were significantly increased either when mungbean was intercropped with rice or inoculated with AMF. When compared with that of monocropping without AMF inoculation, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron in nodules of intercropping mungbean with inoculation increased by 80.14, 69.54 and 39.62%, respectively. Additionally, intercropping with AMF inoculation significantly increased soil nitrogen content, but reduced soil phosphorus content. We concluded that upland rice-mungbean intercropping system and inoculation with AMF improved the nutrient uptake, the ability of nitrogen fixation and the growth of mungbean.