Effectiveness of Fe3+-citrate and Fe3+-edta in ameliorating arsenic-toxicity (chlorosis) in hydroponic rice

Effectiveness of iron (Fe³⁺)-citrate and Fe³⁺-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) in reducing arsenic (As)-toxicity in rice was evaluated. The treatments: 1) 0 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate (control), 2) 13.4 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate (As-treated), 3) 13.4 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate + 40 µM Fe³⁺-citrate (additional Fe³⁺-citrate), and 4) 13.4 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate + 40 µM Fe³⁺-EDTA (additional Fe³⁺-EDTA) were studied for 14 days. Chlorosis was found in the young leaves of the As-treated plants. Additional Fe³⁺-citrate failed to remediate the chlorosis, however, additional Fe³⁺-EDTA removed the chlorosis almost completely, indicating that the effectiveness of Fe³⁺-EDTA was much higher than Fe³⁺-citrate. The Fe³⁺-EDTA treated plants were greener than the additional Fe³⁺-citrate treated plants. Iron concentration in the shoots of additional Fe³⁺-EDTA plants was much higher than that of additional Fe³⁺-citrate plants, indicating that Fe³⁺-EDTA might have been more readily available to the plants roots than Fe³⁺-citrate.     

不同形态磷在砂土中的移动性研究(英文)

预测土壤中磷的长期淋洗性需要了解土壤特性和不同形态磷的行为.本研究用模拟试验评估了不同磷负荷砂质土壤中不同形态磷的移动性.分别从浙江省衢州市和温州市采集具不同磷含量的蔬菜地土壤,每一地点分别采集2个深度的土壤(0～10 cm和10～30 cm),表层土壤(0～10 cm)通过添加不同量的磷酸盐、CaCO和无定形氧化铁,形成研究需要的不同磷含量和不同磷形态的系列土壤样品;淋洗柱长30 cm,由10 cm经培养处理的表层(0～10 cm)土壤和未经培养处理的亚表层土壤(10～30cm)构成,每一淋洗土柱连续经历12个循环的0.002 mol?L-1CaCl2溶液淋洗,收集的淋洗液用于分析钼酸反应总磷(TRP)、可溶态钼酸反应磷(DRP)和颗粒态钼酸反应磷(RPP);试验结束后鉴定土壤中水溶态磷、MehlichⅢ-P和磷的化学形态变化.结果表明:添加无定形氧化铁和碳酸钙可显著改变砂土中磷的形态,降低土壤磷的有效性;无定形态氧化铁在降低土壤磷有效性方面的作用大于碳酸钙;淋洗液中磷的形态主要为DRP,颗粒态磷占总磷的比例为1.2%～39.8%;TRP和DRP的损失与培养处理后表土中磷含量存在显著的相关.相关分析和淋洗试验后土壤中磷形态变化结果都表明:表土柱中淋移的磷主要来源于水溶性磷(H2O-P)和NaHCO3-P,与NaOH-P、HCl-P和残余磷的相关不明显;从表土淋失的磷有27.1%～54.2%被淋出土体,其余下移至10～30 cm土层中.研究结果还表明,添加无定形氧化铁可增加土柱中颗粒态磷的迁移.     

Effect of Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Utilization in Upland Rice-Mungbean Intercropping System

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi （AMF） on plant growth and nutrition utilization in upland rice and mungbean intercropping system was studied. A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and AMF colonization rates of rice and mungbean roots, plant nutrient contents, the ability of nitrogen fixation, and nutrient contents changed in the soil were analyzed. The results were obtained as follows： the rates of AMF colonization of rice and mungbean roots were reached to 14.47 and 92.2% in intercopping system, and increased by 4.11 and 11.95% compared with that of in monocropping; the nirtrogen contents of mungbean and rice were increased by 83.72 and 64.83% in shoots, and 53.76 and 41.29% in roots, respectively, while the contents of iron in shoot and root of mungbean were increased by 223.08 and 60.19%, respectively. In the intercropping system with inoculation of AMF, the biomass of mungbean increased by 288.8%. However, the biomass of rice was not significantly changed among all treatments with or without inoculation of AMF recorded. The number and dry weight of nodules were significantly increased either when mungbean was intercropped with rice or inoculated with AMF. When compared with that of monocropping without AMF inoculation, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron in nodules of intercropping mungbean with inoculation increased by 80.14, 69.54 and 39.62%, respectively. Additionally, intercropping with AMF inoculation significantly increased soil nitrogen content, but reduced soil phosphorus content. We concluded that upland rice-mungbean intercropping system and inoculation with AMF improved the nutrient uptake, the ability of nitrogen fixation and the growth of mungbean.     

丛枝菌根真菌对枳不同根围铁及球囊霉素螯合金属的影响

采用盆栽根袋技术,将枳根围土壤分为0-2、2-4和4-8 cm 3个水平土层,研究丛枝菌根(AM)真菌地表球囊霉对枳根围土壤中有效Fe及球囊霉素鳌合金属含量的影响.结果表明,接种AM真菌显著降低了枳根围土壤中有效Fe的含量.接种AM真菌的土壤有效Fe含量表现为:0-2 cm2-4 cm4-8 cm,而未接种的则表现为:4-8 cm2-4 cm0-2cm;枳不同根围土壤中的菌丝密度表现为:0-2 cm2-4 cm4-8 cm,表明菌丝能够穿过尼龙网伸展到4-8 cm土层中;枳不同根围土壤中易提取球囊霉素和总球囊霉素的变化规律一致,表现为:2-4 cm4-8 cm0-2 cm;土壤中球囊霉素螯合Fe和Mn的含量在4-8 cm土层中最少,螯合Zn和Cu的含量则在0-2 cm土层中最少.可见,球囊霉素能够螯合Cu等元素,减轻土壤中重金属元素对AM真菌的威胁,进而起到缓冲金属元素释放和保护真菌的作用.     

Fe0去除地下水中六价铬的研究

为了研究零价铁去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的效果及影响因素。在实验室条件下,通过批试验,考察了铁粉预处理、铁粉用量、初始pH及阳离子对六价铬去除的影响。结果表明:零价铁能够有效、快速的去除污染水体中的六价铬,机理为氧化还原和共沉淀;其去除率受铁粉预处理、铁粉投加量、初始pH及阳离子的影响;在酸性条件下,Fe2+浓度可以作为六价铬是否完全去除的指示剂。     

影响橡胶树容器苗缺铁黄化的因素及矫正技术

对影响橡胶树容器苗缺铁黄化的几个因素进行了研究,并使用不同补铁方法对缺铁黄化进行矫正效果比较。结果表明：缺铁黄化全年均可发生,以高温季节发生严重;培养土配方塘泥/园土=1/4（V/V）能减轻黄化;砧穗组合东方93-114/云研77-4对缺铁最敏感;使用0.2%螯合铁灌根矫正效果较好。     

溶磷菌在高磷铁矿石除磷技术中的研究进展

概述了溶磷微生物的除磷机理,介绍了相关溶磷菌在国内外高磷铁矿石中除磷方面的研究进展,并对今后溶磷菌在高磷铁矿石除磷技术中的研究工作进行了展望。     

日粮锌源和锌水平对断奶仔猪血清及组织铜、铁、锌沉积的影响

选用临床检查健康的(26±2)日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪100头,按体质量和性别随机分为5组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+2000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+3000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+250mg/kg蛋氨酸锌、基础日粮+500mg/kg蛋氨酸锌。试验期14d。于断奶后0,7,14d,经前腔静脉采血,用原子吸收光谱仪检测血清中铜、铁、锌水平。试验结束时,每组选5头仔猪放血致死,取心、肝、肾、脑、脾、胸腺组织,测定铜、铁、锌含量。结果显示,仔猪断奶后,血清中铜、锌水平显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01);添加不同锌源和锌水平的高锌日粮能提高断奶仔猪肝、肾、脑、血清锌的含量,显著或极显著降低仔猪血清铜和心、胸腺铜以及脾铁水平(P0.05或P0.01),对血清铁及其他组织铁含量无明显影响。这表明高锌日粮能增加断奶应激仔猪体内锌水平,降低部分组织中铜、铁含量。     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱的地下水中Fe和Mn的检测

采用激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术并结合在锌基板上液固转换的样品处理方法,对标准水溶液样品中Fe、Mn进行检测,并根据标准曲线法建立Fe、Mn的定量模型;再利用所建立的LIBS定量模型,对洞庭湖区地下水实际水样中Fe、Mn含量进行检测,并与电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP–MS)的检测结果进行比较.结果表明:得到Fe、...     

不同林龄刺槐林对冀东铁尾矿客土土壤养分含量的影响

本研究选择唐山迁安马兰庄铁尾矿人工造林的3年生、5年生和12年生的刺槐林为研究对象,以未造林空地为对照,通过测定不同林龄林下土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、全磷、全钾、全氮含量,对比分析不同林龄刺槐对尾矿养分含量的影响,评价刺槐林对尾矿养分的改善效果。结果表明:(1)3个林龄地土壤pH差异不显著,均呈现弱酸性,土层越深,酸性越强。(2)不同林龄土壤有机质含量为:12年5年3年对照。(3)土壤全氮含量与有机质含量变化趋势相同,全磷、全钾含量变化为:3年5年12年对照;碱解氮含量变化与全氮含量变化相反,3年5年12年,且与对照相近或小于对照;而速效磷含量是对照空地最大,不同林龄未表现出明显的规律性;速效钾含量与全钾含量变化相同,对照3年5年12年。(4)不同林龄地养分含量普遍具有表聚性,随着土壤深度的增加呈现减少趋势。相关性分析结果表明,土壤深度对pH值、碱解氮和速效钾、有机质含量影响极显著或显著,而林龄仅对土壤全磷和速效磷含量有较显著影响(P0.01),对其他养分含量影响不显著。相比林龄,土壤深度对土壤酸碱性和养分含量的影响作用更大。